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Lee CJ, Choi BH, Kim SS, Kim DNJ, Kim TH, Choi JM, Pak Y, Park JS. Intermolecular Interactions between Cysteine and Aromatic Amino Acids with a Phenyl Moiety in the DNA-Binding Domain of Heat Shock Factor 1 Regulate Thermal Stress-Induced Trimerization. Biochemistry 2024; 63:1307-1321. [PMID: 38688031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.4c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the trimerization mechanism and structure of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) using western blotting, tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular modeling. First, we examined the DNA-binding domains of human (Homo sapiens), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) HSF1s by mutating key residues (36 and 103) that are thought to directly affect trimer formation. Human, goldfish, and walleye pollock HSF1s contain cysteine at residue 36 but cysteine (C), tyrosine (Y), and phenylalanine (F), respectively, at residue 103. The optimal trimerization temperatures for the wild-type HSF1s of each species were found to be 42, 37, and 20 °C, respectively. Interestingly, a mutation experiment revealed that trimerization occurred at 42 °C when residue 103 was cysteine, at 37 °C when it was tyrosine, and at 20 °C when it was phenylalanine, regardless of the species. In addition, it was confirmed that when residue 103 of the three species was mutated to alanine, trimerization did not occur. This suggests that in addition to trimerization via disulfide bond formation between the cysteine residues in human HSF1, trimerization can also occur via the formation of a different type of bond between cysteine and aromatic ring residues such as tyrosine and phenylalanine. We also confirmed that at least one cysteine is required for the trimerization of HSF1s, regardless of its position (residue 36 or 103). Additionally, it was shown that the trimer formation temperature is related to growth and survival in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Ju Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Bo-Hee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - So-Sun Kim
- East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung-si 25435, Republic of Korea
| | - David Nahm-Joon Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Tae-Hwan Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Youngshang Pak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
| | - Jang-Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry, Institute of Functional Materials in Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
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Nagy TM, Knapp K, Illyés E, Timári I, Schlosser G, Csík G, Borics A, Majer Z, Kövér KE. Photochemical and Structural Studies on Cyclic Peptide Models. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092196. [PMID: 30200264 PMCID: PMC6225265 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultra-violet (UV) irradiation has a significant impact on the structure and function of proteins that is supposed to be in relationship with the tryptophan-mediated photolysis of disulfide bonds. To investigate the correlation between the photoexcitation of Trp residues in polypeptides and the associated reduction of disulfide bridges, a series of small, cyclic oligopeptide models were analyzed in this work. Average distances between the aromatic side chains and the disulfide bridge were determined following molecular mechanics (MM) geometry optimizations. In this way, the possibility of cation–π interactions was also investigated. Molecular mechanics calculations revealed that the shortest distance between the side chain of the Trp residues and the disulfide bridge is approximately 5 Å in the cyclic pentapeptide models. Based on this, three tryptophan-containing cyclopeptide models were synthesized and analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Experimental data and detailed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were in good agreement with MM geometry calculations. Selected model peptides were subjected to photolytic degradation to study the correlation of structural features and the photolytic cleavage of disulfide bonds in solution. Formation of free sulfhydryl groups upon illumination with near UV light was monitored by fluorescence spectroscopy after chemical derivatization with 7-diethylamino-3-(4-maleimidophenyl)-4-methylcoumarin (CPM) and mass spectrometry. Liquid cromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measurements indicated the presence of multiple photooxidation products (e.g., dimers, multimers and other oxidated products), suggesting that besides the photolysis of disulfide bonds secondary photolytic processes take place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Milán Nagy
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Knapp
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1518 Budapest, 112. P.O. Box 32, Hungary.
| | - Eszter Illyés
- Chemie Ltd., H-1022 Budapest, Herman Ottó út 15, Hungary.
| | - István Timári
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
| | - Gitta Schlosser
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1518 Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, Hungary.
| | - Gabriella Csík
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University Budapest, H-1428 Budapest, P.O. Box 2, Hungary.
| | - Attila Borics
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa Majer
- Institute of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, H-1518 Budapest, 112. P.O. Box 32, Hungary.
| | - Katalin E Kövér
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
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Schöneich C. Sulfur Radical-Induced Redox Modifications in Proteins: Analysis and Mechanistic Aspects. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 26:388-405. [PMID: 27288212 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2016.6779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine (Cys) and methionine (Met) are prominent protein targets of redox modification during conditions of oxidative stress. Here, two-electron pathways have received widespread attention, in part due to their role in signaling processes. However, Cys and Met are equally prone to one-electron pathways, generating intermediary radicals and/or radial ions. These radicals/radical ions can generate various reaction products that are not commonly monitored in redox proteomic studies, but they may be relevant for the fate of proteins during oxidative stress. Recent Advances: Time-resolved kinetic studies and product analysis have expanded our mechanistic understanding of radical reaction pathways of sulfur-containing amino acids. These reactions are now studied in some detail for Met and Cys in proteins, and homocysteine (Hcy) chemically linked to proteins, and the role of protein radical reactions in physiological processes is evolving. CRITICAL ISSUES Radical-derived products from Cys, Hcy, and Met can react with additional amino acids in proteins, leading to secondary protein modifications, which are potentially remote from initial points of radical attack. These products may contain intra- and intermolecular cross-links, which may lead to protein aggregation. Protein sequence and conformation will have a significant impact on the formation of such products, and a thorough understanding of reaction mechanisms and specifically how protein structure influences reaction pathways will be critical for identification and characterization of novel reaction products. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future studies must evaluate the biological significance of novel reaction products that are derived from radical reactions of sulfur-containing amino acids. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 26, 388-405.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas , Lawrence, Kansas
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Nauser T, Carreras A. Carbon-centered radicals add reversibly to histidine--implications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:14349-51. [PMID: 25292330 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05316h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon-centered radicals of alcohols commonly used as hydroxyl radical scavengers (MeOH, EtOH, i-PrOH and t-BuOH) add reversibly to histidine with equilibrium constants up to 3 × 10(3) M(-1) and rate constants on the order of 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). Similar equilibria may compromise determinations of one-electron (radical) electrode potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nauser
- Laboratorium für Anorganische Chemie, Departement für Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, ETH Zürich, Vladimir-Prelog Weg 2, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Houée-Lévin C, Bobrowski K, Horakova L, Karademir B, Schöneich C, Davies MJ, Spickett CM. Exploring oxidative modifications of tyrosine: An update on mechanisms of formation, advances in analysis and biological consequences. Free Radic Res 2015; 49:347-73. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1007968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Houée-Levin C, Bobrowski K. The use of the methods of radiolysis to explore the mechanisms of free radical modifications in proteins. J Proteomics 2013; 92:51-62. [PMID: 23454334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The method of radiolysis is based upon the interaction of ionising radiation with the solvent (water). One can form the same free radicals as in conditions of oxidative stress ((•)OH, O2(•)(-), NO2(•)…). Moreover, the quantity of reactive oxygen (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS) species formed in the irradiated medium can be calculated knowing the dose and the radiation chemical yield, G, thus this method is quantitative. The use of the method of radiolysis has provided a wealth of data, especially about the kinetics of the oxidation by various free radicals and their mechanisms, the identification of transients formed, their lifetimes and the possibility to repair them by the so-called antioxidants. In this review we have collected the most recent data about protein oxidation that might be useful to a proteomic approach. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Posttranslational Protein modifications in biology and Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000, Université Paris Sud, (France), also at CNRS, France
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Mozziconacci O, Kerwin BA, Schöneich C. Photolysis of an intrachain peptide disulfide bond: primary and secondary processes, formation of H2S, and hydrogen transfer reactions. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:3668-88. [PMID: 20178349 DOI: 10.1021/jp910789x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation of intrachain disulfide bonds in a model peptide and salmon calcitonin generates a series of cyclic peptide products following the generation of a CysS(*) thiyl radical pair. Key to the formation of these cyclic products are disproportionation and reversible hydrogen atom transfer reactions as well as secondary photoreactions, which lead to C-S bond breakage of primary photoproducts. Depending on the wavelength of the incident light, disulfides ultimately convert into cyclic thioethers. An important photolytic product is H(2)S, which is highly relevant for the production and storage of protein pharmaceuticals, where H(2)S can catalyze disulfide scrambling and protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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Naumov S, Schöneich C. Intramolecular addition of cysteine thiyl radical to phenylalanine and tyrosine in model peptides, Phe (CysS*) and Tyr(CysS*): a computational study. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:3560-5. [PMID: 19309133 PMCID: PMC2774831 DOI: 10.1021/jp8076358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to evaluate the potential for intramolecular addition of peptide cysteine (Cys) thiyl radicals (CysS(*)) to aromatic amino acids (Phe and Tyr) in water. These calculations yielded cyclic conformations, in which pi-complexes were more stable than cyclohexadienyl radicals in water. In these pi-complexes, the C(2)-S distances were significantly shorter compared to the C(1)-S and C(3)-S distances. Comparable results on the relative stabilities were obtained for model calculations for the addition of HS(*)/CH(3)S(*) to toluene and p-hydroxytoluene. The adduct of thiyl radicals with Phe was more stable than that with Tyr, and the stabilization energies depended on the C-terminal substituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Naumov
- Leibniz-Institut für Oberflächenmodifizierung, e. V., Permoserstrasse 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Mozziconacci O, Williams TD, Kerwin BA, Schöneich C. Reversible Intramolecular Hydrogen Transfer between Protein Cysteine Thiyl Radicals and αC−H Bonds in Insulin: Control of Selectivity by Secondary Structure. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:15921-32. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8066519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; and the Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington 98119
| | - Todd D. Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; and the Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington 98119
| | - Bruce A. Kerwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; and the Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington 98119
| | - Christian Schöneich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047; Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045; and the Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., Seattle, Washington 98119
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Mozziconacci O, Sharov V, Williams TD, Kerwin BA, Schöneich C. Peptide Cysteine Thiyl Radicals Abstract Hydrogen Atoms from Surrounding Amino Acids: The Photolysis of a Cystine Containing Model Peptide. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:9250-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp801753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mozziconacci
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA
| | - Victor Sharov
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA
| | - Todd D. Williams
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA
| | - Bruce A. Kerwin
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA
| | - Christian Schöneich
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2095 Constant Avenue, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, The Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, and Department of Process and Product Development, Amgen Inc., 1201 Amgen Court West, Seattle, WA
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Lee Y, Lee DH, Sarjeant AAN, Karlin KD. Thiol-copper(I) and disulfide–dicopper(I) complex O2-reactivity leading to sulfonate–copper(II) complex or the formation of a cross-linked thioether–phenol product with phenol addition. J Inorg Biochem 2007; 101:1845-58. [PMID: 17651805 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In order to better understand copper mediated oxidative chemistry via ligand-Cu(I)/O(2) reactivity employing S-donor ligands for copper, O(2)-reactivity studies of the copper(I) complexes (1 and 2, Chart 2) have been carried out with a tridentate N(2)S thiol ligand (1-(N-methyl-N-(2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)amino)propane-2-thiol; L(SH)) or its oxidized disulfide form (L(SS)). Reactions of [L(SH)Cu(I)](+) (1) and [L(SS)(Cu(I))(2)(X)(2)](2+) (2) with O(2) give approximately 90% and approximately 70% yields of [L(SO3)Cu(II)(MeOH)(2)](+) (3), respectively, where L(SO3) is S-oxygenated sulfonate; 3 was characterized by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography. Mimicking TyrCys galactose oxidase cofactor biogenesis, a new C-S bond is formed (within new thioether moiety L(SPhOH)) from cuprous complex (both 1 and 2) dioxygen reactivity in the presence of 2,4-tBu(2)-phenolate. In addition, the disulfide ligand (L(SS)) reacts with 2equiv. cupric ion salts and the phenolate to efficiently give the cross-linked product L(SPhOH) in high yield (>90%) under anaerobic conditions. Separately, complex [L(SPhO)Cu(II)(ClO(4))] (4), possessing the cross-linked L(SPhOH), was characterized by ESI mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Tweeddale HJ, Kondo M, Gebicki JM. Proteins protect lipid membranes from oxidation by thiyl radicals. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 459:151-8. [PMID: 17306209 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Revised: 01/04/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by thiyl radicals derived from GSH or Cys is believed to be responsible for some of the biological damage resulting from lipid oxidation under oxidative stress. However, this has not been demonstrated in complex biological systems. In this study, we measured the formation of lipid hydroperoxides in liposomes exposed to radicals generated by gamma radiation from GSH, GSSG, GSMe, Cys and Met. In the absence of proteins, the radicals oxidized the liposome lipids. In the presence of proteins, the thiyl radicals failed to react with the liposomes, even though the protein radicals efficiently oxidized the S-compounds. It appears that the thiyl and other S-radicals were effectively scavenged by the protein before initiating lipid oxidation. The results suggest that membrane lipid oxidation in vivo by thiyl radicals is unlikely to be a significant event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Tweeddale
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
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