1
|
Gao T, Li Y, Wang X, Ren F. The Melatonin-Mitochondrial Axis: Engaging the Repercussions of Ultraviolet Radiation Photoaging on the Skin's Circadian Rhythm. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051000. [PMID: 37237866 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sunlight is a vital element in modulating the central circadian rhythm, such as the regulation of the host's sleep-awake state. Sunlight is also considered to have a significant influence on the circadian rhythm of the skin. Over-exposure or prolonged exposure to sunlight can lead to skin photodamage, including hyperpigmentation, collagen degradation, fibrosis, and even skin cancer. Thus, this review will focus on the adverse effects of sunlight on the skin, not only in terms of photoaging but also its effect on the skin's circadian rhythm. Mitochondrial melatonin, regarded as a beneficial anti-aging substance for the skin, follows a circadian rhythm and exhibits a powerful anti-oxidative capacity, which has been shown to be associated with skin function. Thus, the review will focus on the influence of sunlight on skin status, not only in terms of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced oxidative stress but also its mediation of circadian rhythms regulating skin homeostasis. In addition, this article will address issues regarding how best to unleash the biological potential of melatonin. These findings about the circadian rhythms of the skin have broadened the horizon of a whole new dimension in our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of the skin and are likely to help pharmaceutical companies to develop more effective products that not only inhibit photoaging but keep valid and relevant throughout the day in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yixuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fazheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lu J, Cheng M, Khumsupan D, Hsieh C, Hsieh C, Cheng K. Evaluation of Fermented Turmeric Milk by Lactic Acid Bacteria to Prevent UV-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Fibroblast Cells. Fermentation 2023; 9:230. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
The nutrition enhancement of turmeric using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was studied. Among the 23 different LAB strains, Levilactobacillus brevis BCRC12247 was chosen due to its robustness. The fermentation of a turmeric drink from L. brevis significantly improved DPPH antioxidant activity (from 71.57% to 75.87%) and total reducing capacity (2.94 ± 0.03 mM Trolox/g dw) compared to the unfermented product. The fermented turmeric samples were subjected to liquid–liquid partition, producing four different fractions. An in vitro study was conducted by treating the fractions on human fibroblast cells (Hs68). The results indicated that hexane (Hex) and water residual (WA) samples could significantly attenuate UVA (15 J/cm2)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), reducing the oxidative damage from 16.99 ± 3.86 to 3.42 ± 2.53 and 3.72 ± 1.76 times, respectively. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) results showed that Hex and WA inhibited the expression of c-jun and c-fos and lowered the mmp-1 value compared to the negative control group (by 2.72 and 2.58 times, respectively). Moreover, the expressions of Nrf2 and downstream antioxidant-related genes were significantly elevated in the Hex fraction. Therefore, fermentation using L. brevis can be an effective method to elevate the nutritional values of turmeric, protecting fibroblast cells from UVA-induced photoaging and oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
3
|
Teng Y, Huang Y, Danfeng X, Tao X, Fan Y. The Role of Probiotics in Skin Photoaging and Related Mechanisms: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:2455-2464. [PMID: 36420112 PMCID: PMC9677255 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s388954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary pathogenetic factor in skin photoaging. It can disrupt cellular homeostasis by damaging DNA, inducing an inflammatory cascade, immunosuppression, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, resulting in a variety of dermatologic conditions. The skin microbiome plays an important role in the homeostasis and maintenance of healthy skin. Emerging evidence has indicated that highly diverse gut microbiome may also have an impact on the skin health, referred to as the gut-skin axis (GSA). Oral and topical probiotics through modulating the skin microbiome and gut-skin microbial interactions could serve as potential management to prevent and treat the skin photoaging by multiple pathways including reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting ECM remodeling, inhibiting the inflammatory cascade reaction, and maintaining immune homeostasis. In this review, the effects of oral and topical probiotics in skin photoaging and related mechanisms are both described systematically and comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Teng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Youming Huang
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xu Danfeng
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Tao
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yibin Fan
- Center for Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Xu C, Xiong Q, Li Y, Zhao J, Zhang L, Li X. Explore the Multitarget Mechanism of Tetrahydrocurcumin preventing on UV-Induced Photoaging mouse skin. Heliyon 2022. [PMID: 35965981 PMCID: PMC9363970 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
UV induced photoaging is the main external factor of skin aging. In this study, we tested the protective effects of tetrahydrocurcumin on UV-induced skin photoaging of KM mice and researched the multi-target mechanism through RNA sequencing technology. Mouse experiments show that tetrahydrocurcumin strongly changed in skin appearance, epidermal thickness, and wrinkle-related parameters in UV-irradiated mice. RNA-seq result show that we found 29 differentially expressed mRNA transcripts in UV mice relative to Ctrl rats (18 up-regulated and 11 down-regulated) and 7 significantly dysregulated mRNAs were obtained in the THC group compared to the UV group (1 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated), respectively. Spink7, Edn3, Stab2 may be the key target genes of tetrahydrocurcumin in preventing aging. Bioinformatics analysis shows that the response to muscle contraction and melanin biosynthetic GO term and Inflammation related pathway such as PPAR, MAPK would involve in effects of tetrahydrocurcumin. The results of this study indicated that tetrahydrocurcumin can improve the appearance through anti-inflammatory, improving extracellular matrix and inhibiting melanin production. It could be suggested as a protective measure in the prevention of UV-induced photoaging.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bajgar R, Moukova A, Chalupnikova N, Kolarova H. Differences in the Effects of Broad-Band UVA and Narrow-Band UVB on Epidermal Keratinocytes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph182312480. [PMID: 34886205 PMCID: PMC8656598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: The sun is a natural source of UV radiation. It can be divided into three bands, UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm) and UVC (100–280 nm), where the radiation up to 290 nm is very effectively eliminated by the stratospheric ozone. Although UV radiation can have a beneficial effect on our organism and can be used in the treatment of several skin diseases, it must primarily be considered harmful. Methods: In the presented work, we focused on the study of the longer-wavelength UV components (UVA and UVB) on the human epidermal keratinocyte line HaCaT. As UVA and UVB radiation sources, we used commercially available UVA and UVB tubes from Philips (Philips, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), which are commonly employed in photochemotherapy. We compared their effects on cell viability and proliferation, changes in ROS production, mitochondrial function and the degree of DNA damage. Results: Our results revealed that UVB irradiation, even with significantly lower irradiance, caused greater ROS production, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and greater DNA fragmentation, along with significantly lowering cell viability and proliferative capacity. Conclusions: These results confirm that UV radiation causes severe damages in skin cells, and they need to be protected from it, or it needs to be applied more cautiously, especially if the component used is UVB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bajgar
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (N.C.); (H.K.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-585-632-106
| | - Anna Moukova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (N.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Nela Chalupnikova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (N.C.); (H.K.)
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (A.M.); (N.C.); (H.K.)
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Hnevotinska 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gu Y, Han J, Jiang C, Zhang Y. Biomarkers, oxidative stress and autophagy in skin aging. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 59:101036. [PMID: 32105850 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major cause of many degenerative diseases. The most intuitive consequence of aging is mainly manifested on the skin, resulting in cumulative changes in skin structure, function and appearance, such as increased wrinkles, laxity, elastosis, telangiectasia, and aberrant pigmentation of the skin. Unlike other organs of the human body, skin is not only inevitably affected by the intrinsic aging process, but also affected by various extrinsic environmental factors to accelerate aging, especially ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Skin aging is a highly complex and not fully understood process, and the lack of universal biomarkers for the definitive detection and evaluation of aging is also a major research challenge. Oxidative stress induced by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to lipid, protein, nucleic acid and organelle damage, thus leading to the occurrence of cellular senescence, which is one of the core mechanisms mediating skin aging. Autophagy can maintain cellular homeostasis when faced with different stress conditions and is one of the survival mechanisms of cell resistance to intrinsic and extrinsic stress. Autophagy and aging have many features in common and may be associated with skin aging mediated by different factors. Here, we summarize the changes and biomarkers of skin aging, and discuss the effects of oxidative stress and autophagy on skin aging.
Collapse
|
7
|
Gok A, Gordon DA, Burns DM, Fowler SP, French RH, Bruckman LS. Reciprocity and spectral effects of the degradation of poly(ethylene-terephthalate) under accelerated weathering exposures. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulkerim Gok
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Gebze Technical University; Gebze Kocaeli 41400 Turkey
| | - Devin A. Gordon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Solar Durability and Lifetime Extension (SDLE) Research Center, Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - David M. Burns
- 3M Corporate Research Analytical Laboratory, 3M Center, Building 235-B-B-44; St. Paul Minnesota 55144
| | - Sean P. Fowler
- Q-Lab Corporation, 800 Canterbury Road; Westlake Ohio 44145
| | - Roger H. French
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Solar Durability and Lifetime Extension (SDLE) Research Center, Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| | - Laura S. Bruckman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Solar Durability and Lifetime Extension (SDLE) Research Center, Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland Ohio 44106
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
The rate of skin aging, or that of tissue in general, is determined by a variable predominance of tissue degeneration over tissue regeneration. This review discusses the role of oxidative events of tissue degeneration and aging in general, and for the skin in particular. The mechanisms involved in intrinsic and extrinsic (photo-) aging are described. Since photoaging is recognized as an important extrinsic aging factor, we put special emphasize on the effects of UV exposure on aging, and its variable influence according to global location and skin type. We here summarise direct photochemical effects of UV on DNA, RNA, proteins and vitamin D, the factors contributing to UV-induced immunosuppression, which may delay aging, the nature and origin of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as indirect contributors for aging, and the consequences of oxidative events for extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, such as that of collagen. We conclude that conflicting data on studies investigating the validity of the free radical damage theory of aging may reflect variations in the level of ROS induction which is difficult to quantify in vivo, and the lack of targeting of experimental ROS to the relevant cellular compartment. Also mitohormesis, an adaptive response, may arise in vivo to moderate ROS levels, further complicating interpretation of in vivo results. We here describes how skin aging is mediated both directly and indirectly by oxidative degeneration.This review indicates that skin aging events are initiated and often propagated by oxidation events, despite recently recognized adaptive responses to oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
9
|
Liljendahl TS, Blomqvist A, Andersson EM, Barregard L, Segerbäck D. Urinary levels of thymine dimer as a biomarker of exposure to ultraviolet radiation in humans during outdoor activities in the summer. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:249-56. [PMID: 23339196 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of skin cancer is rising rapidly in many countries, presumably due to increased leisure time exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). UVR causes DNA lesions, such as the thymine dimer (T=T), which have been causatively linked to the development of skin cancer. T=T is clearly detectable in urine and may, thereby, be a potentially valuable biomarker of UVR exposure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between UVR exposure and urinary levels of T=T in a field study involving outdoor workers. Daily ambient and personal exposure of 52 beach lifeguards and agricultural workers to UVR were determined (employing 656 personal polysulphone dosimeters). In 22 of these subjects, daily urinary T=T levels (120 samples) were measured, the area of skin exposed calculated and associations assessed utilizing mixed statistical models. The average daily UVR dose was approximately 600 J/m(2) (7.7 standard erythemal doses), i.e. about 20% of ambient UVR. T=T levels were correlated to UVR dose, increasing by about 6 fmol/µmol creatinine for each 100 J/m(2) increase in dose (average of the three preceding days). This is the first demonstration of a relationship between occupational UVR exposure and urinary levels of a biomarker of DNA damage. On a population level, urinary levels of T=T can be used as a biomarker for UVR exposure in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tove Sandberg Liljendahl
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Novum, SE-141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|