1
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The branching angle effect on the properties of rigid dendrimers studied by Monte Carlo simulation. J Mol Model 2021; 27:144. [PMID: 33931800 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04767-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We studied the properties of rigid dendrimers with different branching angles by means of Monte Carlo simulations on a coarse-grained level. It was found that the terminal groups of dendrimers with both rigid and flexible spacers could locate near the center of the molecule. In flexible dendrimers, the wide distribution is attributed to the back folding of flexible spacers, while in rigid dendrimers, it is caused by the branching angle effect that a branch will grow laterally due to the restriction of a non-zero branching angle. It has been established that the branching angle is a key parameter for rigid dendrimers, which can be applied to tune the properties of rigid dendrimers: decreasing branching angle is helpful to obtain dendrimers with a larger size, lower density, and more terminal groups locating at periphery.
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2
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Shavykin OV, Neelov IM, Borisov OV, Darinskii AA, Leermakers FAM. SCF Theory of Uniformly Charged Dendrimers: Impact of Asymmetry of Branching, Generation Number, and Salt Concentration. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Shavykin
- St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - I. M. Neelov
- St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - O. V. Borisov
- St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, V.O., St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l’Environnement et les Matériaux/UMR 5254, Pau 64053, France
| | - A. A. Darinskii
- St. Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics (ITMO University), Kronverkskiy pr. 49, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, V.O., St. Petersburg 199004, Russia
| | - F. A. M. Leermakers
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6703 HB, The Netherlands
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3
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Town RM, van Leeuwen HP, Duval JFL. Rigorous Physicochemical Framework for Metal Ion Binding by Aqueous Nanoparticulate Humic Substances: Implications for Speciation Modeling by the NICA-Donnan and WHAM Codes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:8516-8532. [PMID: 31291104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Latest knowledge on the reactivity of charged nanoparticulate complexants toward aqueous metal ions is discussed in mechanistic detail. We present a rigorous generic description of electrostatic and chemical contributions to metal ion binding by nanoparticulate complexants, and their dependence on particle size, particle type (i.e., reactive sites distributed within the particle body or confined to the surface), ionic strength of the aqueous medium, and the nature of the metal ion. For the example case of soft environmental particles such as fulvic and humic acids, practical strategies are delineated for determining intraparticulate metal ion speciation, and for evaluating intrinsic chemical binding affinities and heterogeneity. The results are compared with those obtained by popular codes for equilibrium speciation modeling (namely NICA-Donnan and WHAM). Physicochemical analysis of the discrepancies generated by these codes reveals the a priori hypotheses adopted therein and the inappropriateness of some of their key parameters. The significance of the characteristic time scales governing the formation and dissociation rates of metal-nanoparticle complexes in defining the relaxation properties and the complete equilibration of the metal-nanoparticulate complex dispersion is described. The dynamic features of nanoparticulate complexes are also discussed in the context of predictions of the labilities and bioavailabilities of the metal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Herman P van Leeuwen
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter , Wageningen University & Research , Stippeneng 4 , 6708 WE Wageningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jérôme F L Duval
- CNRS - Université de Lorraine , Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), UMR 7360 CNRS , 15 avenue du Charmois , 54500 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy , France
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4
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Kłos JS. Dendritic polyelectrolytes revisited through the Poisson-Boltzmann-Flory theory and the Debye-Hückel approximation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:2693-2703. [PMID: 29319706 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07138h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The properties of a dendritic polyelectrolyte in equilibrium with a reservoir of monovalent salts are investigated using the cell model and the Poisson-Boltzmann-Flory theory. Within this approach we use the Debye-Hückel approximation to solve the Poisson-Boltzmann equation and minimize the semi-grand potential of the system with respect to the size of the molecule which enables us to inspect its conformations as well as the electric field, the ionic density profile, the overall charge density, the effective charge of the dendrimer and the osmotic pressure based on their response to the salt concentration and the dendrimer charge. The model predicts pronounced trapping of salt ions, a local charge neutrality and a zero electric field in the volume of the molecule as well as oscillations of the density profiles and the electric field in the vicinity of the dendrimer-bulk interface. As a result of ion trapping and screening of Coulomb interactions monovalent salts are found to have a minor effect on the size of the dendrimer. Specifically, the dendrimer exists in slightly swollen states as compared to the neutral molecule which indicates that the conformational properties of the polyelectrolyte depend weakly on monovalent salts. These observations harmonise with the equilibrium behavior of the dendrimer pressure, the internal pressure and the bulk pressure, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kłos
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland.
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5
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Kłos JS, Milewski J. Dendritic polyelectrolytes as seen by the Poisson–Boltzmann–Flory theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:17818-17828. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02440e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The conformational and electrostatic properties of dendritic polyelectrolytes accompanied by counterions are investigated using the Poisson–Boltzmann–Flory theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kłos
- Faculty of Physics
- A. Mickiewicz University
- 61-614 Poznań
- Poland
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V
| | - J. Milewski
- Institute of Mathematics
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering
- Poznań University of Technology
- 60-963 Poznań
- Poland
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6
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Kéri M, Nagy Z, Novák L, Szarvas E, Balogh LP, Bányai I. Beware of phosphate: evidence of specific dendrimer–phosphate interactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:11540-11548. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00875a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
G5 PAMAM dendrimers interact with phosphate ions by forming H-bonds with tertiary amino groups in neutral medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónika Kéri
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Zoltán Nagy
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Levente Novák
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | - Edit Szarvas
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
| | | | - István Bányai
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- University of Debrecen
- Hungary
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7
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Town RM, van Leeuwen HP. Intraparticulate Metal Speciation Analysis of Soft Complexing Nanoparticles. The Intrinsic Chemical Heterogeneity of Metal–Humic Acid Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8637-8644. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn M. Town
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological
Research (SPHERE), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Herman P. van Leeuwen
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Town RM, van Leeuwen HP. Metal ion–humic acid nanoparticle interactions: role of both complexation and condensation mechanisms. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18024-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp02634f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A counterion condensation – Donnan electrostatic model provides a physicochemically consistent description of intraparticulate metal species distributions in humic acid nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn M. Town
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense
- Denmark
| | - Herman P. van Leeuwen
- Physical Chemistry and Soft Matter
- Wageningen University & Research
- 6708 WE Wageningen
- The Netherlands
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9
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Town RM, van Leeuwen HP. Intraparticulate speciation analysis of soft nanoparticulate metal complexes. The impact of electric condensation on the binding of Cd2+/Pb2+/Cu2+by humic acids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10049-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp01229a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The drastic role of electrostatics in the binding of metal ions by soft charged nanoparticulate humic acid complexants is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raewyn M. Town
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense
- Denmark
| | - Herman P. van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science
- Wageningen University
- 6703 HB Wageningen
- The Netherlands
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10
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Coarse grained simulations of neutral and charged dendrimers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238213070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Theoretical and computational studies of dendrimers as delivery vectors. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:705-27. [PMID: 23114420 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35306g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is a great challenge for nanomedicine to develop novel dendrimers with maximum therapeutic potential and minimum side-effects for drug and gene delivery. As delivery vectors, dendrimers must overcome lots of barriers before delivering the bio-agents to the target in the cell. Extensive experimental investigations have been carried out to elucidate the physical and chemical properties of dendrimers and explore their behaviors when interacting with biomolecules, such as gene materials, proteins, and lipid membranes. As a supplement of the experimental techniques, it has been proved that computer simulations could facilitate the progress in understanding the delivery process of bioactive molecules. The structures of dendrimers in dilute solutions have been intensively investigated by monomer-resolved simulations, coarse-grained simulations, and atom-resolved simulations. Atomistic simulations have manifested that the hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen-bond interactions, and electrostatic attraction play critical roles in the formation of dendrimer-drug complexes. Multiscale simulations and statistical field theories have uncovered some physical mechanisms involved in the dendrimer-based gene delivery systems. This review will focus on the current status and perspective of theoretical and computational contributions in this field in recent years. (275 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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12
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulations of Neutral and Charged Dendrimers in Solvents of Varying Quality. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4001989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań,
Poland
| | - J.-U. Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden,
Germany
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13
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Conformational Effects in Non-Stoichiometric Complexes of Two Hyperbranched Molecules with a Linear Polyelectrolyte. Polymers (Basel) 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/polym4010240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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14
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Lewis T, Pryamitsyn V, Ganesan V. Mean field theory of charged dendrimer molecules. J Chem Phys 2011; 135:204902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3663382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Monte Carlo simulations of charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes and explicit counterions. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:204902. [PMID: 21639472 DOI: 10.1063/1.3592558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We study complexes composed of one dendrimer of generation G = 4 (G4 dendrimer) with N(t) = 32 charged terminal groups and an oppositely charged linear polyelectrolyte accompanied by neutralizing counterions in an athermal solvent using Monte Carlo simulations based on the bond fluctuation model. In our study both the full Coulomb potential and the excluded volume interactions are taken into account explicitly with the reduced temperature τ and the chain length N(ch) as the main simulation parameters. Our calculations indicate that there exist three temperature ranges that determine the behavior of such complexes. At τ(complex) stable charged dendrimer-linear polyelectrolyte complexes are formed first, which are subsequently accompanied by selective counterion localization within the complex interior at τ(loc) ≤ τ(complex), and counterion condensation as temperature is further decreased below τ(cond) < τ(loc). In particular, we observe that condensation takes place exclusively on the excess charges in the complex and thus no condensation is observed at the compensation point (N(ch) = N(t)), irrespective of τ. For N(ch) ≠ N(t) the complex is overally charged. Furthermore, we discuss the size and structure of the dendrimer and the linear polyelectrolyte within the complex, as well as spatial distributions of monomers and counterions. Conformations of the chain in the bound state are analysed in terms of loops, trains, and tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., 01069 Dresden, Germany.
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16
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Karatasos K, Tanis I. Simulation of a Symmetric Binary Mixture of Charged Dendrimers Under Varying Electrostatic Interactions: Static and Dynamic Aspects. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2013282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Karatasos
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - I. Tanis
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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17
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Tanis I, Karatasos K, Assimopoulou AN, Papageorgiou VP. Modeling of hyperbranched polyesters as hosts for the multifunctional bioactive agent shikonin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:10808-17. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp20271e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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18
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulations of Dendrimers with Flexible Spacer Chains and Explicit Counterions under Low and Neutral pH Conditions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102055w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - J.-U. Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Kłos JS, Sommer JU. Simulations of Terminally Charged Dendrimers with Flexible Spacer Chains and Explicit Counterions. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1003997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Kłos
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, A. Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - J.-U. Sommer
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e. V., 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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20
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Complexation of a Linear Polyelectrolyte with a Charged Dendrimer: Polyelectrolyte Stiffness Effects. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901988m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Laboratory of Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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21
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Lard M, Kim SH, Lin S, Bhattacharya P, Ke PC, Lamm MH. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between phenanthrene and PAMAM dendrimers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9285-91. [DOI: 10.1039/b924522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Tian WD, Ma YQ. Molecular Dynamics Simulations of a Charged Dendrimer in Multivalent Salt Solution. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:13161-70. [DOI: 10.1021/jp906449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-de Tian
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yu-qiang Ma
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics, Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093, China
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23
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Tanis I, Karatasos K. Molecular dynamics simulations of polyamidoamine dendrimers and their complexes with linear poly(ethylene oxide) at different pH conditions: static properties and hydrogen bonding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2009; 11:10017-28. [DOI: 10.1039/b913986a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Pasupathy K, Lin S, Hu Q, Luo H, Ke PC. Direct plant gene delivery with a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:1078-82. [PMID: 18543240 DOI: 10.1002/biot.200800021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Plant gene delivery is challenging due to the presence of plant cell walls. Conventional means such as Agrobacterium infection, biolistic particle bombardment, electroporation, or polyethylene glycol attachment are often characterized by high cost, labor extensiveness, and a significant perturbation to the growth of cells. We have succeeded in delivering GFP-encoding plasmid DNA to turfgrass cells using poly(amidoamine) dendrimers. Our new scheme utilizes the physiochemical properties as well as the nanosize of the poly(amidoamine) dendrimer for direct and noninvasive gene delivery. The GFP gene was expressed in the plant cells as observed by confocal fluorescence microscopy. The transfection efficiency may be further improved by optimizing the pH of the cell culture medium and the molar ratio of the dendrimer to DNA. The use of the current delivery system can be extended to virtually all plant species having successful regeneration systems in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Pasupathy
- Laboratory of Single-Molecule Biophysics and Polymer Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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25
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Lyulin SV, Vattulainen I, Gurtovenko AA. Complexes Comprised of Charged Dendrimers, Linear Polyelectrolytes, and Counterions: Insight through Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800736p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Lyulin
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, V.O., St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, FI-02015 HUT, Finland; MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West
| | - Ilpo Vattulainen
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, V.O., St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, FI-02015 HUT, Finland; MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West
| | - Andrey A. Gurtovenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoi Prospect 31, V.O., St. Petersburg 199004, Russia; Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland; Helsinki University of Technology, P.O. Box 1100, FI-02015 HUT, Finland; MEMPHYS−Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Computational Biophysics Laboratory, Institute of Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of Bradford, Bradford, West
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26
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Blaak R, Lehmann S, Likos CN. Charge-Induced Conformational Changes of Dendrimers. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800283z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Blaak
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Swen Lehmann
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christos N. Likos
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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