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White RJ, Shuttleworth PS, Budarin VL, De Bruyn M, Fischer A, Clark JH. An Interesting Class of Porous Polymer--Revisiting the Structure of Mesoporous α-D-Polysaccharide Gels. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:280-8. [PMID: 26785060 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201501354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The processes involved in the transformation of non-porous, native polysaccharides to their highly porous equivalents introduce significant molecular complexity and are not yet fully understood. In this paper, we propose that distinct changes in polysaccharide local short-range ordering promotes and directs the formation of meso- and micro-pores, which are investigated here using N2 sorption, FTIR, and solid-state (13)C NMR. It is found that an increase in the overall double helical amylose content, and their local association structures, are responsible for formation of the porous polysaccharide gel phase. An exciting consequence of this local ordering change is elegantly revealed using a (19)F NMR experiment, which identifies the stereochemistry-dependent diffusion of a fluorinated chiral probe molecule (1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethanol) from the meso- to the micro-pore region. This finding opens opportunities in the area of polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases and asymmetric catalyst preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J White
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
- FMF-Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany.
- Sustainable Catalytic Materials Group, Hydrogen Technologies Division, Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Heidenhofstraße 2, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter S Shuttleworth
- Departamento de Física de Polímeros, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, c/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vitaliy L Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mario De Bruyn
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Anna Fischer
- Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstraße 21, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - James H Clark
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York, Department of Chemistry, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
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Shuttleworth PS, Baccile N, White RJ, Nectoux E, Budarin VL. Bulk and Surface Analysis of Carbonaceous Materials. POROUS CARBON MATERIALS FROM SUSTAINABLE PRECURSORS 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622277-00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult to fully characterise the surface chemistry and properties of the complex materials that are carbons. These can range from amorphous-based activated carbons to organised graphene, carbon nanotubes and other forms. However, a combination of techniques, such as, TG supplemented by TGIR, XPS and Boehm titration, bromination with various solid-state NMR methodologies can permit a comprehensive understanding of both their bulk and surface characteristics. The application of these techniques in the characterisation of both the bulk and surface features of carbon-based materials will be presented and discussed ADDIN EN.REFLIST .
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S. Shuttleworth
- Departamento de Física de Polímeros, Elastómeros y Aplicaciones Energéticas, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros CSIC, c/ Juan de la Cierva, 3 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Niki Baccile
- Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France 11, Place M. Betrthelot 75005 Paris France
| | - Robin J. White
- Universität Freiburg, FMF - Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum, Stefan-Meier-Straße 21, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau and Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Eric Nectoux
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York Heslington, York Yorkshire YO10 5DD UK
| | - Vitaliy L. Budarin
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, University of York Heslington, York Yorkshire YO10 5DD UK
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Vecino PA, Huang Z, Mitchell J, McGregor J, Daly H, Hardacre C, Thomson JM, Gladden LF. Determining adsorbate configuration on alumina surfaces with 13C nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02436f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Relative strengths of surface interaction for individual carbon atoms in acyclic and cyclic hydrocarbons adsorbed on alumina surfaces are determined using chemically resolved 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) T1 relaxation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. Vecino
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - Z. Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - J. Mitchell
- Schlumberger Gould Research
- Cambridge CB3 0EL
- UK
| | - J. McGregor
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
| | - H. Daly
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast
- UK
| | - C. Hardacre
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast
- UK
| | - J. M. Thomson
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Belfast
- UK
| | - L. F. Gladden
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge CB2 3RA
- UK
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