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Ray KG, Klebanoff LE, Stavila V, Kang S, Wan LF, Li S, Heo TW, Allendorf MD, Lee JRI, Baker AA, Wood BC. Understanding Hydrogenation Chemistry at MgB 2 Reactive Edges from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20430-20442. [PMID: 35319201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state hydrogen storage materials often operate via transient, multistep chemical reactions at complex interfaces that are difficult to capture. Here, we use direct ab initio molecular dynamics simulations at accelerated temperatures and hydrogen pressures to probe the hydrogenation chemistry of the candidate material MgB2 without a priori assumption of reaction pathways. Focusing on highly reactive (101̅0) edge planes where initial hydrogen attack is likely to occur, we track mechanistic steps toward the formation of hydrogen-saturated BH4- units and key chemical intermediates, involving H2 dissociation, generation of functionalities and molecular complexes containing BH2 and BH3 motifs, and B-B bond breaking. The genesis of higher-order boron clustering is also observed. Different charge states and chemical environments at the B-rich and Mg-rich edge planes are found to produce different chemical pathways and preferred speciation, with implications for overall hydrogenation kinetics. The reaction processes rely on B-H bond polarization and fluctuations between ionic and covalent character, which are critically enabled by the presence of Mg2+ cations in the nearby interphase region. Our results provide guidance for devising kinetic improvement strategies for MgB2-based hydrogen storage materials, while also providing a template for exploring chemical pathways in other solid-state energy storage reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith G Ray
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | | | - Vitalie Stavila
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - ShinYoung Kang
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Liwen F Wan
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Sichi Li
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Tae Wook Heo
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Mark D Allendorf
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Jonathan R I Lee
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Alexander A Baker
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Brandon C Wood
- Laboratory for Energy Applications for the Future (LEAF), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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2
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Comanescu C. Complex Metal Borohydrides: From Laboratory Oddities to Prime Candidates in Energy Storage Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062286. [PMID: 35329738 PMCID: PMC8949998 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the lightest element in the periodic table, hydrogen poses many risks regarding its production, storage, and transport, but it is also the one element promising pollution-free energy for the planet, energy reliability, and sustainability. Development of such novel materials conveying a hydrogen source face stringent scrutiny from both a scientific and a safety point of view: they are required to have a high hydrogen wt.% storage capacity, must store hydrogen in a safe manner (i.e., by chemically binding it), and should exhibit controlled, and preferably rapid, absorption–desorption kinetics. Even the most advanced composites today face the difficult task of overcoming the harsh re-hydrogenation conditions (elevated temperature, high hydrogen pressure). Traditionally, the most utilized materials have been RMH (reactive metal hydrides) and complex metal borohydrides M(BH4)x (M: main group or transition metal; x: valence of M), often along with metal amides or various additives serving as catalysts (Pd2+, Ti4+ etc.). Through destabilization (kinetic or thermodynamic), M(BH4)x can effectively lower their dehydrogenation enthalpy, providing for a faster reaction occurring at a lower temperature onset. The present review summarizes the recent scientific results on various metal borohydrides, aiming to present the current state-of-the-art on such hydrogen storage materials, while trying to analyze the pros and cons of each material regarding its thermodynamic and kinetic behavior in hydrogenation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Comanescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomiștilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405, Atomiștilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania
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3
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An Overview of the Recent Advances of Additive-Improved Mg(BH4)2 for Solid-State Hydrogen Storage Material. ENERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/en15030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recently, hydrogen (H2) has emerged as a superior energy carrier that has the potential to replace fossil fuel. However, storing H2 under safe and operable conditions is still a challenging process due to the current commercial method, i.e., H2 storage in a pressurised and liquified state, which requires extremely high pressure and extremely low temperature. To solve this problem, research on solid-state H2 storage materials is being actively conducted. Among the solid-state H2 storage materials, borohydride is a potential candidate for H2 storage owing to its high gravimetric capacity (majority borohydride materials release >10 wt% of H2). Mg(BH4)2, which is included in the borohydride family, shows promise as a good H2 storage material owing to its high gravimetric capacity (14.9 wt%). However, its practical application is hindered by high thermal decomposition temperature (above 300 °C), slow sorption kinetics and poor reversibility. Currently, the general research on the use of additives to enhance the H2 storage performance of Mg(BH4)2 is still under investigation. This article reviews the latest research on additive-enhanced Mg(BH4)2 and its impact on the H2 storage performance. The future prospect and challenges in the development of additive-enhanced Mg(BH4)2 are also discussed in this review paper. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic review paper that focuses on the additive-enhanced Mg(BH4)2 for solid-state H2 storage.
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4
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Effects of Ball Milling and TiF3 Addition on the Dehydrogenation Temperature of Ca(BH4)2 Polymorphs. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13184828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The changes introduced by both ball milling and the addition of small amounts of TiF3 in the kinetics of the hydrogen desorption of three different Ca(BH4)2 polymorphs (α, β and γ) have been systematically investigated. The samples with different polymorphic contents, before and after the addition of TiF3, were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy. The hydrogen desorption reaction pathways were monitored by differential scanning calorimetry. The hydrogen desorption of Ca(BH4)2 depends strongly on the amount of coexistent α, β and γ polymorphs as well as additional ball milling and added TiF3 to the sample. The addition of TiF3 increased the hydrogen desorption rate without significant dissociation of the fluoride. The combination of an α-Ca(BH4)2 rich sample with 10 mol% of TiF3 and 8 h of milling led to up to 27 °C decrease of the hydrogen desorption peak temperature.
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Jeong S, Heo TW, Oktawiec J, Shi R, Kang S, White JL, Schneemann A, Zaia EW, Wan LF, Ray KG, Liu YS, Stavila V, Guo J, Long JR, Wood BC, Urban JJ. A Mechanistic Analysis of Phase Evolution and Hydrogen Storage Behavior in Nanocrystalline Mg(BH 4) 2 within Reduced Graphene Oxide. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1745-1756. [PMID: 31922396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2, abbreviated here MBH) has received tremendous attention as a promising onboard hydrogen storage medium due to its excellent gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities. While the polymorphs of MBH-alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ)-have distinct properties, their synthetic homogeneity can be difficult to control, mainly due to their structural complexity and similar thermodynamic properties. Here, we describe an effective approach for obtaining pure polymorphic phases of MBH nanomaterials within a reduced graphene oxide support (abbreviated MBHg) under mild conditions (60-190 °C under mild vacuum, 2 Torr), starting from two distinct samples initially dried under Ar and vacuum. Specifically, we selectively synthesize the thermodynamically stable α phase and metastable β phase from the γ-phase within the temperature range of 150-180 °C. The relevant underlying phase evolution mechanism is elucidated by theoretical thermodynamics and kinetic nucleation modeling. The resulting MBHg composites exhibit structural stability, resistance to oxidation, and partially reversible formation of diverse [BH4]- species during de- and rehydrogenation processes, rendering them intriguing candidates for further optimization toward hydrogen storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Jeong
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Tae Wook Heo
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Rongpei Shi
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - ShinYoung Kang
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - James L White
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Edmond W Zaia
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Liwen F Wan
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Keith G Ray
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Brandon C Wood
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Abstract
Magnesium borohydride, Mg(BH4)2, and calcium borohydride, Ca(BH4)2, are promising materials for hydrogen storage. Mixtures of different borohydrides have been the subject of numerous researches; however, the whole Mg(BH4)2-Ca(BH4)2 system has not been investigated yet. In this study, the phase stability and the hydrogen desorption were experimentally investigated in the Mg(BH4)2-Ca(BH4)2 system, by means of XRD, ATR-IR, and HP-DSC. Mg(BH4)2 and Ca(BH4)2 are fully immiscible in the solid state. In the mechanical mixtures, thermal decomposition occurs at slightly lower temperatures than for pure compounds. However, they originate products that cannot be identified by XRD, apart from Mg and MgH2. In fact, amorphous phases or mixtures of different poorly crystalline or nanocrystalline phases are formed, leading to a limited reversibility of the system.
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Paskevicius M, Jepsen LH, Schouwink P, Černý R, Ravnsbæk DB, Filinchuk Y, Dornheim M, Besenbacher F, Jensen TR. Metal borohydrides and derivatives – synthesis, structure and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1565-1634. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of metal borohydrides from synthesis to application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Paskevicius
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Lars H. Jepsen
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Laboratory of Crystallography
- DQMP
- University of Geneva
- 1211 Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Radovan Černý
- Laboratory of Crystallography
- DQMP
- University of Geneva
- 1211 Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Dorthe B. Ravnsbæk
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Martin Dornheim
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
- Department of Nanotechnology
- 21502 Geesthacht
- Germany
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Torben R. Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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9
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Han C, Dong Y, Wang B, Zhang C. [Ca(BH4)2] n clusters as hydrogen storage material: A DFT study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024416100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Hansen BR, Paskevicius M, Li HW, Akiba E, Jensen TR. Metal boranes: Progress and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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11
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Møller KT, Fogh AS, Paskevicius M, Skibsted J, Jensen TR. Metal borohydride formation from aluminium boride and metal hydrides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:27545-27553. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05391b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Formation and quantification of metal borohydrides at high pressure, p(H2) = 600 bar, and elevated temperature from AlB2-MHx (M = Li, Na, Mg, Ca) composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper T. Møller
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Alexander S. Fogh
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Mark Paskevicius
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Jørgen Skibsted
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Torben R. Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- DK-8000 Aarhus
- Denmark
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12
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Jepsen LH, Lee YS, Černý R, Sarusie RS, Cho YW, Besenbacher F, Jensen TR. Ammine Calcium and Strontium Borohydrides: Syntheses, Structures, and Properties. CHEMSUSCHEM 2015; 8:3472-3482. [PMID: 26364708 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new series of solvent- and halide-free ammine strontium metal borohydrides Sr(NH3 )n (BH4 )2 (n=1, 2, and 4) and further investigations of Ca(NH3 )n (BH4 )2 (n=1, 2, 4, and 6) are presented. Crystal structures have been determined by powder XRD and optimized by DFT calculations to evaluate the strength of the dihydrogen bonds. Sr(NH3 )(BH4 )2 (Pbcn) and Sr(NH3 )2 (BH4 )2 (Pnc2) are layered structures, whereas M(NH3 )4 (BH4 )2 (M=Ca and Sr; P21 /c) are molecular structures connected by dihydrogen bonds. Both series of compounds release NH3 gas upon thermal treatment if the partial pressure of ammonia is low. Therefore, the strength of the dihydrogen bonds, the structure of the compounds, and the NH3 /BH4 (-) ratio for M(NH3 )n (BH4 )m have little influence on the composition of the released gasses. The composition of the released gas depends mainly on the thermal stability of the ammine metal borohydride and the corresponding metal borohydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars H Jepsen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Young-Su Lee
- High Temperature Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Radovan Černý
- Laboratory of Crystallography, DQMP, University of Geneva, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ram S Sarusie
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Young Whan Cho
- High Temperature Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torben R Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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13
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Combined X-ray and Raman Studies on the Effect of Cobalt Additives on the Decomposition of Magnesium Borohydride. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en8099173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Zavorotynska O, Deledda S, Li G, Matsuo M, Orimo SI, Hauback BC. Isotopic Exchange in Porous and Dense Magnesium Borohydride. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:10592-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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16
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Richter B, Ravnsbæk DB, Tumanov N, Filinchuk Y, Jensen TR. Manganese borohydride; synthesis and characterization. Dalton Trans 2015; 44:3988-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt03501a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Three manganese borohydride polymorphs are synthesized in solution and found to be structural analogues of three magnesium borohydride polymorphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Richter
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- Denmark
| | - Dorthe B. Ravnsbæk
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- Denmark
| | - Nikolay Tumanov
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université Catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Torben R. Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry
- University of Aarhus
- Denmark
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Sveinbjörnsson D, Blanchard D, Myrdal JSG, Younesi R, Viskinde R, Riktor MD, Norby P, Vegge T. Ionic conductivity and the formation of cubic CaH2 in the LiBH4–Ca(BH4)2 composite. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Grove H, Rude LH, Jensen TR, Corno M, Ugliengo P, Baricco M, Sørby MH, Hauback BC. Halide substitution in Ca(BH4)2. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra46226a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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19
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Kalantzopoulos GN, Guzik MN, Deledda S, Heyn RH, Muller J, Hauback BC. Destabilization effect of transition metal fluorides on sodium borohydride. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20483-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp02899f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ball-milling sodium borohydride with transition metal fluorides significantly lowers the onset temperature of hydrogen release.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Richard H. Heyn
- Institute for Energy Technology
- N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
- SINTEF Materials and Chemistry
- N-0314 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jiri Muller
- Institute for Energy Technology
- N-2027 Kjeller, Norway
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Olsen JE, Frommen C, Jensen TR, Riktor MD, Sørby MH, Hauback BC. Structure and thermal properties of composites with RE-borohydrides (RE = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Er, Yb or Lu) and LiBH4. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44012e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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21
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YaJuan G, JianFeng J, XiaoHua W, Ying R, HaiShun W. RETRACTED: Crystal structures of X B12H12 (X = Li, K, Ca) and hydrogen storage property of Na–(Li, K, Ca)–B–H system from first principles calculation. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2012.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Song Y. New perspectives on potential hydrogen storage materials using high pressure. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14524-47. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52154k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Olsen JE, Frommen C, Sørby MH, Hauback BC. Crystal structures and properties of solvent-free LiYb(BH4)4−xClx, Yb(BH4)3 and Yb(BH4)2−xClx. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40435h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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24
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Caputo R, Kupczak A, Sikora W, Tekin A. Ab initio crystal structure prediction by combining symmetry analysis representations and total energy calculations. An insight into the structure of Mg(BH4)2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:1471-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp43090h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Yuan F, Gu Q, Guo Y, Sun W, Chen X, Yu X. Structure and hydrogenstorage properties of the first rare-earth metal borohydride ammoniate: Y(BH4)3·4NH3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm13002a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Černý R, Filinchuk Y. Complex inorganic structures from powder diffraction:case of tetrahydroborates of light metals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2011.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Powder diffraction plays a central role in the characterization of light metal tetrahydroborates (borohydrides), novel boron based hydrides recognized as a potential solution for hydrogen storage. Numerous novel BH–
4 based materials have been investigated during the past few years and this class of materials has a fascinating structural chemistry. We review the powder diffraction methods, problems and solutions which are specific for these weakly diffracting and badly crystallized materials. Examples of highlights and pitfalls of the powder diffraction are given. Complex structures with as many as 55 independent atoms were fully characterized, and P-T phase diagrams accessible from in-situ powder diffraction enable understanding of these ionic crystals with important directional bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgien
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Thompson SP, Parker JE, Marchal J, Potter J, Birt A, Yuan F, Fearn RD, Lennie AR, Street SR, Tang CC. Fast X-ray powder diffraction on I11 at Diamond. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:637-648. [PMID: 21685682 DOI: 10.1107/s0909049511013641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The commissioning and performance characterization of a position-sensitive detector designed for fast X-ray powder diffraction experiments on beamline I11 at Diamond Light Source are described. The detecting elements comprise 18 detector-readout modules of MYTHEN-II silicon strip technology tiled to provide 90° coverage in 2θ. The modules are located in a rigid housing custom designed at Diamond with control of the device fully integrated into the beamline data acquisition environment. The detector is mounted on the I11 three-circle powder diffractometer to provide an intrinsic resolution of Δ2θ approximately equal to 0.004°. The results of commissioning and performance measurements using reference samples (Si and AgI) are presented, along with new results from scientific experiments selected to demonstrate the suitability of this facility for powder diffraction experiments where conventional angle scanning is too slow to capture rapid structural changes. The real-time dehydrogenation of MgH(2), a potential hydrogen storage compound, is investigated along with ultrafast high-throughput measurements to determine the crystallite quality of different samples of the metastable carbonate phase vaterite (CaCO(3)) precipitated and stabilized in the presence of amino acid molecules in a biomimetic synthesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Thompson
- Diamond Light Source, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire, UK
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Lindemann I, Ferrer RD, Dunsch L, Černý R, Hagemann H, D'Anna V, Filinchuk Y, Schultz L, Gutfleisch O. Novel sodium aluminium borohydride containing the complex anion [Al(BH4,Cl)4]−. Faraday Discuss 2011; 151:231-42; discussion 285-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c0fd00024h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Riktor MD, Filinchuk Y, Vajeeston P, Bardají EG, Fichtner M, Fjellvåg H, Sørby MH, Hauback BC. The crystal structure of the first borohydride borate, Ca3(BD4)3(BO3). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm00074h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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31
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Ravnsbæk DB, Filinchuk Y, Cerný R, Jensen TR. Powder diffraction methods for studies of borohydride-based energy storage materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2010.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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32
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Lindemann I, Domènech Ferrer R, Dunsch L, Filinchuk Y, Černý R, Hagemann H, D'Anna V, Lawson Daku L, Schultz L, Gutfleisch O. Al3Li4(BH4)13: A Complex Double-Cation Borohydride with a New Structure. Chemistry 2010; 16:8707-12. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chu H, Xiong Z, Wu G, Guo J, Zheng X, He T, Wu C, Chen P. Hydrogen Storage Properties of Ca(BH4)2-LiNH2 System. Chem Asian J 2010; 5:1594-9. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.200900677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang J, Zheng J, Zhang X, Li Y, Yang R, Feng Q, Li X. Low-temperature mass production of superconducting MgB2 nanofibers from Mg(BH4)2 decomposition and recombination. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:7530-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc02745f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Sartori S, Knudsen KD, Zhao-Karger Z, Bardaij EG, Fichtner M, Hauback BC. Small-angle scattering investigations of Mg-borohydride infiltrated in activated carbon. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2009; 20:505702. [PMID: 19907064 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/50/505702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
One of the main challenges for introduction of a hydrogen-based economy is storage of hydrogen. Hydrogen storage in solid materials is considered among the most attractive methods. During recent years much emphasis has been placed on the synthesis of nanosized metals and alloys. In the present study Mg(BH4)(2) and Mg((11)BD(4))(2) are infiltrated in pre-treated activated carbon and investigated with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The infiltration method is shown to be successful in modifying the size of the Mg-borohydride particles, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction data. The size of the particles for the infiltrated samples is estimated by SANS measurements to be mainly in the range <4 nm. The results suggest that the smallest pores of the scaffold are partially or fully filled and that this type of scaffold acts as an effective dispersing agent for Mg-borohydride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Sartori
- Institute for Energy Technology, PO Box 40, NO-2027 Kjeller, Norway.
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36
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Caputo R, Tekin A, Sikora W, Züttel A. First-principles determination of the ground-state structure of Mg(BH4)2. Chem Phys Lett 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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37
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Filinchuk Y, Chernyshov D, Dmitriev V. Light metal borohydrides: crystal structures and beyond. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1524/zkri.2008.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Experimental structures of M(BH4)n, where M is a 2nd–4th period element, are reviewed with a particluar emphasize on crystal chemistry. It is shown that except certain cases, the BH4 group has a nearly ideal tetrahedral geometry. Correction of the experimentally determined H-positions allows to compare directly the results obtained by different diffraction techniques and by theoretical calculations. Analysis of coordination geometries for M and BH4, and of mechanisms of phase transitions in LiBH4, suggest that the directional BH4 … M interaction is at the origin of structural complexity of borohydrides. The ways to influence their stability by chemical modification are discussed. Study of structural evolution with temperature and pressure is shown to be the way to access fundamental information on structural stability of these systems.
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Voss J, Hummelshøj JS, Lodziana Z, Vegge T. Structural stability and decomposition of Mg(BH(4))(2) isomorphs-an ab initio free energy study. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:012203. [PMID: 21817204 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/1/012203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present the first comprehensive comparison between free energies, based on a phonon dispersion calculation within density functional theory, of theoretically predicted structures and the experimentally proposed α (P6(1)) and β (Fddd) phases of the promising hydrogen storage material Mg(BH(4))(2). The recently proposed low-density [Formula: see text] ground state is found to be thermodynamically unstable, with soft acoustic phonon modes at the Brillouin zone boundary. We show that such acoustic instabilities can be detected by a macroscopic distortion of the unit cell. Following the atomic displacements of the unstable modes, we have obtained a new F 222 structure, which has a lower energy than all previously experimentally and theoretically proposed phases of Mg(BH(4))(2) and is free of imaginary eigenmodes. A new meta-stable high-density I4(1)/amd structure is also derived from the [Formula: see text] phase. Temperatures for the decomposition are found to be in the range of 400-470 K and largely independent of the structural complexity, as long as the primary cation coordination polyhedra are properly represented. This opens a possibility of using simple model structures for screening and prediction of finite temperature stability and decomposition temperatures of novel borohydride systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Voss
- Materials Research Division, Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Roskilde, Denmark. Center for Atomic-scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Riktor MD, Sørby MH, Chłopek K, Fichtner M, Hauback BC. The identification of a hitherto unknown intermediate phase CaB2Hx from decomposition of Ca(BH4)2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b818127f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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van Setten MJ, Lohstroh W, Fichtner M. A new phase in the decomposition of Mg(BH4)2: first-principles simulated annealing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b908821k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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41
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Buchter F, Łodziana Z, Remhof A, Friedrichs O, Borgschulte A, Mauron P, Züttel A, Sheptyakov D, Barkhordarian G, Bormann R, Chłopek K, Fichtner M, Sørby M, Riktor M, Hauback B, Orimo S. Structure of Ca(BD4)2 β-Phase from Combined Neutron and Synchrotron X-ray Powder Diffraction Data and Density Functional Calculations. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:8042-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800435z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Buchter
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - Z. Łodziana
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - A. Remhof
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - O. Friedrichs
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - A. Borgschulte
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - Ph. Mauron
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - A. Züttel
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - D. Sheptyakov
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - G. Barkhordarian
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - R. Bormann
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - K. Chłopek
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - M. Fichtner
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - M. Sørby
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - M. Riktor
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - B. Hauback
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
| | - S. Orimo
- Empa, Laboratory for Hydrogen & Energy, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland, Laboratory for Neutron Scattering, ETH Zurich & Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland, GKSS-Research Center Geesthacht GmbH, WTP, Building 59, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany, Institute of Nanotechnology, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O
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Hanada N, Chłopek K, Frommen C, Lohstroh W, Fichtner M. Thermal decomposition of Mg(BH4)2 under He flow and H2 pressure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b801049h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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