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Roy A, Diers JR, Niedzwiedzki DM, Meares A, Yu Z, Bhagavathy GV, Satraitis A, Kirmaier C, Ptaszek M, Bocian DF, Holten D. Photophysical Properties and Electronic Structure of Hydroporphyrin Dyads Exhibiting Strong Through-Space and Through-Bond Electronic Interactions. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5107-5125. [PMID: 35901315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Electronic interactions between tetrapyrroles are utilized in natural photosynthetic systems to tune the light-harvesting and energy-/charge-transfer processes in these assemblies. Such interactions also can be employed to tailor the electronic properties of tetrapyrrolic dyads and larger arrays for use in materials science and biomedical research. Here, we have utilized static and time-resolved optical spectroscopy to characterize the optical absorption and emission properties of a set of chlorin and bacteriochlorin dyads with varying degrees of through-bond (TB) and through-space (TS) interactions between the constituent macrocycles. The dyads consist of two chlorins or two bacteriochlorins joined by a linker that utilizes a triple-double-triple-bond (enediyne) motif in which the double-bond portion is an ester-substituted ethylene or o-phenylene unit. The photophysical studies are coupled with density functional theory (DFT) calculations to probe the ground-state molecular orbital (MO) characteristics of the dyads and time-dependent DFT calculations (TDDFT) to elucidate excited-state properties. The latter include electronic characteristics of the singlet excited-state manifold and the absorption transitions to these states from the electronic ground state. A comparison of the MO and calculated spectral properties of each dyad with the linker present versus disrupted (by eliminating the double-bond portion) gives insight into the relative contributions of TB versus TS interactions to the electronic properties of the dyads. The results show that the TB and TS contributions are additive (constructively interfere), which is not always the case for molecular dyads. Most of the dyads have shorter lifetimes of the lowest singlet excited state compared to the parent monomer, which derives from increased S1 → S0 internal conversion. The enhancement is greater for the dyads in benzonitrile than in toluene. The studies provide insights into the nature of the electronic interactions between the constituents in the tetrapyrrole arrays and how these interactions dictate the spectral properties and excited-state decay characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpita Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - James R Diers
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Dariusz M Niedzwiedzki
- Center for Solar Energy and Energy Storage, and Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United States
| | - Zhanqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United States
| | - Ganga Viswanathan Bhagavathy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United States
| | - Andrius Satraitis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United States
| | - Christine Kirmaier
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore County, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, Maryland 21250-0001, United States
| | - David F Bocian
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521-0403, United States
| | - Dewey Holten
- Department of Chemistry, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4889, United States
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Vallejo MCS, Moura NMM, Gomes ATPC, Joaquinito ASM, Faustino MAF, Almeida A, Gonçalves I, Serra VV, Neves MGPMS. The Role of Porphyrinoid Photosensitizers for Skin Wound Healing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4121. [PMID: 33923523 PMCID: PMC8072979 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, usually bacteria and fungi, grow and spread in skin wounds, causing infections. These infections trigger the immune system and cause inflammation and tissue damage within the skin or wound, slowing down the healing process. The use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to eradicate microorganisms has been regarded as a promising alternative to anti-infective therapies, such as those based on antibiotics, and more recently, is being considered for skin wound-healing, namely for infected wounds. Among the several molecules exploited as photosensitizers (PS), porphyrinoids exhibit suitable features for achieving those goals efficiently. The capability that these macrocycles display to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) gives a significant contribution to the regenerative process. ROS are responsible for avoiding the development of infections by inactivating microorganisms such as bacteria but also by promoting cell proliferation through the activation of stem cells which regulates inflammatory factors and collagen remodeling. The PS can act solo or combined with several materials, such as polymers, hydrogels, nanotubes, or metal-organic frameworks (MOF), keeping both the microbial photoinactivation and healing/regenerative processes' effectiveness. This review highlights the developments on the combination of PDT approach and skin wound healing using natural and synthetic porphyrinoids, such as porphyrins, chlorins and phthalocyanines, as PS, as well as the prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the natural precursor of protoporphyrin-IX (PP-IX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. S. Vallejo
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
| | - Nuno M. M. Moura
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
| | - Ana T. P. C. Gomes
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.P.C.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana S. M. Joaquinito
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.P.C.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Maria Amparo F. Faustino
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- CESAM, Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (A.T.P.C.G.); (A.A.)
| | - Idalina Gonçalves
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Vanda Vaz Serra
- Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Maria Graça P. M. S. Neves
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (M.C.S.V.); (A.S.M.J.)
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Shinozaki Y, Uragami C, Hashimoto H, Tamiaki H. A Synthetic Chlorophyll Dimer Appending Fullerene: Effect of Chlorophyll Pairing on (Photo)redox Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:8897-8906. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinao Shinozaki
- Graduate School of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
| | - Chiasa Uragami
- School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Gakuen 2-1 Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hideki Hashimoto
- School of Science and TechnologyKwansei Gakuin University Gakuen 2-1 Sanda Hyogo 669-1337 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life SciencesRitsumeikan University Noji-higashi 1-1-1, Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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4
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Covalent heterodyads of synthetic chlorophyll derivatives linked with linear rigid substituents at the 20-positions constructing photoexcited energy transfer systems. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Tamiaki H, Fukai K, Nakamura S. Intramolecular interaction of synthetic chlorophyll heterodyads with different π-skeletons. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2020; 19:332-340. [DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00373h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Covalently linked zinc chlorin and zinc porphyrin/bacteriochlorin heterodyads formed methanol-locked conformers with red-shifted Qy bands as models of Chl-a and Chl-c/BChl-a(or g) dimeric species, respectively, in photosynthetic apparatuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
| | - Soichi Nakamura
- Graduate School of Life Sciences
- Ritsumeikan University
- Kusatsu
- Japan
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Watanabe H, Nakamura S, Tamiaki H. Ring-size controlled dimerization of synthetic zinc chlorophyll derivatives possessing a 1-azacycloalkyl group through mutual coordination of amino moiety to central zinc atom. Tetrahedron 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2019.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Meares A, Yu Z, Viswanathan Bhagavathy G, Satraitis A, Ptaszek M. Photoisomerization of Enediynyl Linker Leads to Slipped Cofacial Hydroporphyrin Dyads with Strong Through-Bond and Through-Space Electronic Interactions. J Org Chem 2019; 84:7851-7862. [PMID: 31117562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoisomerization of 3,4-di(methoxycarbonyl)-enediyne linker in hydroporphyrin (chlorin or bacteriochlorin) dyads leads to thermally stable cis isomers, where macrocycles adopt a slipped cofacial mutual geometry with an edge-to-edge distance of ∼3.6 Å (determined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations). Absorption spectra exhibit a significant splitting of the long-wavelength Qy band, which indicates a strong electronic coupling with a strength of V = ∼477 cm-1 that increases to 725 cm-1 upon metalation of hydroporphyrins. Each dyad features a broad, structureless emission band, with large Stokes shift, which is indicative of excimer formation. DFT calculations for dyads show both strong through-bond electronic coupling and through-space electronic interactions, due to the overlap of π-orbitals. Overall, geometry, electronic structure, strength of electronic interactions, and optical properties of reported dyads closely resemble those observed for photosynthetic special pairs. Dyads reported here represent a novel type of photoactive arrays with various modes of electronic interactions between chromophores. Combining through-bond and through-space coupling appears to be a viable strategy to engineer novel optical and photochemical properties in organic conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Meares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Zhanqian Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Ganga Viswanathan Bhagavathy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Andrius Satraitis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
| | - Marcin Ptaszek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Maryland, Baltimore County , 1000 Hilltop Circle , Baltimore , Maryland 21250 , United States
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Tamiaki H, Tatebe T, Kitagawa Y. Covalently linked dimer of chlorophyll-a derivative with an amide bond and its folded conformer. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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9
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Tamiaki H, Kim K, Tatebe T. Synthesis of chlorophyll derivatives and dyads possessing a thiol or disulfide moiety and their optical properties. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Roy DK, Mondal B, Anju RS, Ghosh S. Back Cover: Chemistry of Diruthenium and Dirhodium Analogues of Pentaborane(9): Synthesis and Characterization of Metal N,S-Heterocyclic Carbene and B-Agostic Complexes (Chem. Eur. J. 9/2015). Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.404786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nikkonen T, Oliva MM, Kahnt A, Muuronen M, Helaja J, Guldi DM. Photoinduced Charge Transfer in a Conformational Switching Chlorin Dimer-Azafulleroid in Polar and Nonpolar Media. Chemistry 2014; 21:590-600. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Yamamoto Y, Tamiaki H. Synthesis and optical properties of chlorophyll dimers bridged by cis- and trans-forms of Pt(II) bis-acetylide complexes. J Organomet Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2013.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Fukusumi T, Takei N, Tateno Y, Aoki T, Ando A, Kozakai K, Shima H, Mizoguchi T, Ito S, Ikeda T, Tamiaki H, Oba T. Ene-thiol reaction of C3-vinylated chlorophyll derivatives in the presence of oxygen: synthesis of C3-formyl-chlorins under mild conditions. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2013. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424613500983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of thiol with the C 3-vinyl group of various chlorophyll (Chl) derivatives were examined. The reactions resemble thiol-olefin co-oxidation, except that the vinyl C = C double bond was cleaved to afford a formyl group without any transition metal catalyst, and that the simple anti-Markovnikov adduct of thiol to olefin was obtained as a minor product. Peripheral substituents of Chl derivatives little affected the reaction, while the central metal atom of the chlorin macrocycle influenced the composition of the products. Oxygen and acid dissolved in the reaction mixture can facilitate the oxidation. Sufficiently mild conditions in this regioselective oxidation at the C 31-position are significant in bioorganic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Fukusumi
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Natsuki Takei
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Yubi Tateno
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Aoki
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Ai Ando
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Kouhei Kozakai
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroko Shima
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Tadashi Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ito
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Ikeda
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Toru Oba
- Department of Material and Environmental Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
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Tamiaki H, Fukai K, Shimazu H, Shoji S. Synthesis of Zinc Chlorophyll Homo/Hetero-Dyads and their Folded Conformers with Porphyrin, Chlorin, and Bacteriochlorinπ-Systems. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:121-8. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Tamiaki
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukai
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
| | - Hideki Shimazu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
| | - Sunao Shoji
- Graduate School of Life Sciences; Ritsumeikan University; Shiga Japan
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15
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Ponomarev GV, Solovieva MN, Dugin NO, Zavialova MG, Mehtiev AR, Misharin AY, Novikov RA, Tkachev YV, Popenko VI, Timofeev VP. Lipophilic derivatives of natural chlorins: Synthesis, mixed micelles with phospholipids, and uptake by cultured cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5420-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Metallation of a cyclic chlorophyll hetero-dyad, and the optical properties of synthetic metallo-dyads. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Sasaki SI, Mizutani K, Kunieda M, Tamiaki H. Synthesis and optical properties of C3-ethynylated chlorin and π-extended chlorophyll dyads. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Nikkonen T, Haavikko R, Helaja J. Hydrogen bond driven self-assembled C2-symmetric chlorin syn dimers; unorthodox models for chlorophyll ‘special pairs’ in photosynthetic reaction centres. Org Biomol Chem 2009; 7:2046-52. [DOI: 10.1039/b819764d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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Hirai Y, Tamiaki H, Kashimura S, Saga Y. Demetalation kinetics of natural chlorophylls purified from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms: effect of the formyl groups conjugated directly to the chlorin π-macrocycle. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2009; 8:1701-7. [DOI: 10.1039/b9pp00018f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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