1
|
Abstract
With the rapid development of high technology, chemical science is not as it used to be a century ago. Many chemists acquire and utilize skills that are well beyond the traditional definition of chemistry. The digital age has transformed chemistry laboratories. One aspect of this transformation is the progressing implementation of electronics and computer science in chemistry research. In the past decade, numerous chemistry-oriented studies have benefited from the implementation of electronic modules, including microcontroller boards (MCBs), single-board computers (SBCs), professional grade control and data acquisition systems, as well as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In particular, MCBs and SBCs provide good value for money. The application areas for electronic modules in chemistry research include construction of simple detection systems based on spectrophotometry and spectrofluorometry principles, customizing laboratory devices for automation of common laboratory practices, control of reaction systems (batch- and flow-based), extraction systems, chromatographic and electrophoretic systems, microfluidic systems (classical and nonclassical), custom-built polymerase chain reaction devices, gas-phase analyte detection systems, chemical robots and drones, construction of FPGA-based imaging systems, and the Internet-of-Chemical-Things. The technology is easy to handle, and many chemists have managed to train themselves in its implementation. The only major obstacle in its implementation is probably one's imagination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gurpur Rakesh D Prabhu
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, 1001 University Road, Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan
| | - Pawel L Urban
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Section 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Microwave Enthrakometric Labs-On-A-Chip and On-Chip Enthrakometric Catalymetry: From Non-Conventional Chemotronics Towards Microwave-Assisted Chemosensors. CHEMOSENSORS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors7040048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A unique chemical analytical approach is proposed based on the integration of chemical radiophysics with electrochemistry at the catalytically-active surface. This approach includes integration of: radiofrequency modulation polarography with platinum electrodes, applied as film enthrakometers for microwave measurements; microwave thermal analysis performed on enthrakometers as bolometric sensors; catalytic measurements, including registration of chemical self-oscillations on the surface of a platinum enthrakometer as the chemosensor; measurements on the Pt chemosensor implemented as an electrochemical chip with the enthrakometer walls acting as the chip walls; chemotron measurements and data processing in real time on the surface of the enthrakometric chip; microwave electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements using an enthrakometer both as a substrate and a microwave power meter; microwave acceleration of chemical reactions and microwave catalysis оn the Pt surface; chemical generation of radio- and microwaves, and microwave spin catalysis; and magnetic isotope measurements on the enthrakometric chip. The above approach allows one to perform multiparametric physical and electrochemical sensing on a single active enthrakometric surface, combining the properties of the selective electrochemical sensor and an additive physical detector.
Collapse
|
3
|
Roques-Carmes C, Kooi SE, Yang Y, Massuda A, Keathley PD, Zaidi A, Yang Y, Joannopoulos JD, Berggren KK, Kaminer I, Soljačić M. Towards integrated tunable all-silicon free-electron light sources. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3176. [PMID: 31320664 PMCID: PMC6639370 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracting light from silicon is a longstanding challenge in modern engineering and physics. While silicon has underpinned the past 70 years of electronics advancement, a facile tunable and efficient silicon-based light source remains elusive. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of tunable radiation from a one-dimensional, all-silicon nanograting. Light is generated by the spontaneous emission from the interaction of these nanogratings with low-energy free electrons (2-20 keV) and is recorded in the wavelength range of 800-1600 nm, which includes the silicon transparency window. Tunable free-electron-based light generation from nanoscale silicon gratings with efficiencies approaching those from metallic gratings is demonstrated. We theoretically investigate the feasibility of a scalable, compact, all-silicon tunable light source comprised of a silicon Field Emitter Array integrated with a silicon nanograting that emits at telecommunication wavelengths. Our results reveal the prospects of a CMOS-compatible electrically-pumped silicon light source for possible applications in the mid-infrared and telecommunication wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Roques-Carmes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Steven E Kooi
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, NE47, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aviram Massuda
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Phillip D Keathley
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Aun Zaidi
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yujia Yang
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - John D Joannopoulos
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, NE47, 500 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Karl K Berggren
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ido Kaminer
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 32000, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marin Soljačić
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 50 Vassar Street, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Khan SM, Gumus A, Nassar JM, Hussain MM. CMOS Enabled Microfluidic Systems for Healthcare Based Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705759. [PMID: 29484725 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the increased global population, it is more important than ever to expand accessibility to affordable personalized healthcare. In this context, a seamless integration of microfluidic technology for bioanalysis and drug delivery and complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology enabled data-management circuitry is critical. Therefore, here, the fundamentals, integration aspects, and applications of CMOS-enabled microfluidic systems for affordable personalized healthcare systems are presented. Critical components, like sensors, actuators, and their fabrication and packaging, are discussed and reviewed in detail. With the emergence of the Internet-of-Things and the upcoming Internet-of-Everything for a people-process-data-device connected world, now is the time to take CMOS-enabled microfluidics technology to as many people as possible. There is enormous potential for microfluidic technologies in affordable healthcare for everyone, and CMOS technology will play a major role in making that happen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherjeel M Khan
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurrahman Gumus
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35430, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Joanna M Nassar
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad M Hussain
- Integrated Nanotechnology Lab and Integrated Disruptive Electronic Applications (IDEA) Lab, Computer Electrical Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khodayari Bavil A, Kim J. A capillary flow-driven microfluidic system for microparticle-labeled immunoassays. Analyst 2018; 143:3335-3342. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00898a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive capillary-driven microfluidic platform is designed and demonstrated for direct and sandwich microparticle-labeled immunoassays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jungkyu Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
- Texas Tech University
- Lubbock
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun J, Wang P. Note: Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor high voltage pulse generation circuits. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2013; 84:106111. [PMID: 24182184 DOI: 10.1063/1.4827077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We present two types of on-chip pulse generation circuits. The first is based on CMOS pulse-forming-lines (PFLs). It includes a four-stage charge pump, a four-stacked-MOSFET switch and a 5 mm long PFL. The circuit is implemented in a 0.13 μm CMOS process. Pulses of ~1.8 V amplitude with ~135 ps duration on a 50 Ω load are obtained. The obtained voltage is higher than 1.6 V, the rated operating voltage of the process. The second is a high-voltage Marx generator which also uses stacked MOSFETs as high voltage switches. The output voltage is 11.68 V, which is higher than the highest breakdown voltage (~10 V) of the CMOS process. These results significantly extend high-voltage pulse generation capabilities of CMOS technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Sun
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Im DJ, Yoo BS, Ahn MM, Moon D, Kang IS. Digital Electrophoresis of Charged Droplets. Anal Chem 2013; 85:4038-44. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303778j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do Jin Im
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31 Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Byeong Sun Yoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31 Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Myung Mo Ahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31 Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - Dustin Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31 Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| | - In Seok Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, San31 Hyoja-dong,
Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Manage DP, Elliott DG, Backhouse CJ. Millimeter scale separation of DNA with a replaceable polymer matrix. Electrophoresis 2012; 33:3213-21. [PMID: 23027089 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Revised: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrophoresis is a powerful method that has seen a wide range of applications, often in automated genetic diagnostic instruments that require the use of a replaceable sieving matrix. The power and simplicity of electrophoresis as an analysis technique would be ideal for highly integrated and low-cost analysis systems if the method could be implemented in microfluidics on the scale of several mm. We demonstrate the electrophoretic analysis of DNA with separation lengths as small as 2 mm and with a resolution adequate for the analysis of PCR products, i.e. resolutions of 10-20 base pairs. Such small-scale separations enable analysis systems consisting of microfluidics and microelectronics integrated into a single inexpensive package, thereby overcoming a key challenge facing the development of the lab on chip technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dammika P Manage
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen JK, Li JY. Synthesis of tethered poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) for detection of breast cancer recurrence DNA. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 358:454-61. [PMID: 21481404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2011.03.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have grafted temperature-responsive tethered poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) onto silicon surfaces through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) as a medium to extract human genomic DNA molecules from a biological specimen, namely human blood incorporating target DNA (hgDNA584) and control DNA (hgDNA528) at concentrations of 0.5, 1, and 50 ng μL(-1). The variable adhesion forces of the tethered PNIPAAm brushes on the surfaces were used to capture and release DNA molecules through changes in temperature. After amplifying the signal of the hgDNA584 and hgDNA528 strands released from the tethered PNIPAAm on the substrate using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we identified these DNA macromolecules using agarose gel electrophoresis. The accuracy of the detection of hgDNA584 and hgDNA528 was controlled through the design of specific primers in the PCR process. The quantities of these two DNA molecules obtained through the capture and release from tethered PNIPAAm brushes under temperature tuning conditions were sufficient for them to be amplified recognizably, suggesting that this approach could be used in miniaturized lab-on-a-chip cartridges for rapid disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jem-Kun Chen
- Department of Polymer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43, Section 4, Keelung Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kaigala GV, Bercovici M, Behnam M, Elliott D, Santiago JG, Backhouse CJ. Miniaturized system for isotachophoresis assays. LAB ON A CHIP 2010; 10:2242-2250. [PMID: 20571691 DOI: 10.1039/c004120c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We present an inexpensive hand-held device (240 g) that implements microchip isotachophoresis (ITP) with laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection. This self-contained instrument integrates the functionality required for high voltage generation onto a microelectronic chip, includes LIF detection and is powered by a universal serial bus (USB) link connected to a laptop computer. Using this device we demonstrate focusing and detection of a fluorescent species with a limit of detection of 100 pM. We show that the response of the detector is linear with the initial analyte concentration, making this device suitable for quantitative analysis. We also demonstrate the use of our simulation tools for design and prediction of ITP assays, and validate these results with a demonstration of multiplexed indirect detection of (unlabeled) analytes performed using the device. We find good agreement between simulations and experimental results. Using a label-free isotachaphoresis assay implemented in the hand-held device we detect two explosives and an endocrine disruptor spiked in river water, with no prior sample processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G V Kaigala
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Fernández-la-Villa A, Pozo-Ayuso DF, Castaño-Álvarez M. New analytical portable instrument for microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:2641-9. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
12
|
Arora A, Simone G, Salieb-Beugelaar GB, Kim JT, Manz A. Latest Developments in Micro Total Analysis Systems. Anal Chem 2010; 82:4830-47. [PMID: 20462185 DOI: 10.1021/ac100969k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arun Arora
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Giuseppina Simone
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Georgette B. Salieb-Beugelaar
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jung Tae Kim
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Manz
- KIST Europe, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Campus E71, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany, FRIAS, Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany, IMTEK, Institute for Microsystem Technology, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 103, 79110 Freiburg, Germany, and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology/Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Twente University, Building Carré, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bercovici M, Kaigala GV, Backhouse CJ, Santiago JG. Fluorescent Carrier Ampholytes Assay for Portable, Label-Free Detection of Chemical Toxins in Tap Water. Anal Chem 2010; 82:1858-66. [DOI: 10.1021/ac902526g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Bercovici
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - G. V. Kaigala
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - C. J. Backhouse
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - J. G. Santiago
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton Alberta T6G 2V4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Behnam M, Kaigala G, Khorasani M, Martel S, Elliott D, Backhouse C. Integrated circuit-based instrumentation for microchip capillary electrophoresis. IET Nanobiotechnol 2010; 4:91-101. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2009.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
15
|
Kaigala GV, Behnam M, Bidulock ACE, Bargen C, Johnstone RW, Elliott DG, Backhouse CJ. A scalable and modular lab-on-a-chip genetic analysis instrument. Analyst 2010; 135:1606-17. [DOI: 10.1039/b925111a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
16
|
Tosi A, Mazzitelli S, Capretto L, Guerrieri R, Nastruzzi C. Optimization of lipospheres production by factorial design and their performances on a dielectrophoretic lab-on-a-chip platform. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
17
|
Kaigala G, Behnam M, Bliss C, Khorasani M, Ho S, McMullin J, Elliott D, Backhouse C. Inexpensive, universal serial bus-powered and fully portable lab-on-a-chip-based capillary electrophoresis instrument. IET Nanobiotechnol 2009; 3:1-7. [DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt:20080005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
|