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Ma P, Liu Y, Tian Y, Ma L. Potential dependent friction: role of interfacial hydrated molecules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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2
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Homogeneous interfacial water structure favors realizing a low-friction coefficient state. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 626:324-333. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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Luo Y, Pang AP, Lu X. Liquid-Solid Interfaces under Dynamic Shear Flow: Recent Insights into the Interfacial Slip. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4473-4482. [PMID: 35377658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of micro/nanofluidic techniques has recently revived interest in dynamic shear flow at liquid-solid interfaces. When the nature of the liquid-solid boundaries was revisited, the slip of the fluids relative to the solid wall was predicted theoretically and confirmed experimentally. This indicates that the molecular-level structures of the liquid-solid interfaces will be influenced by the liquid flow over certain temporal and spatial criteria. However, the fluid flow at the boundary layer still cannot be precisely predicted and effectively controlled, somehow limiting its practical applications. Here, we summarize the recent advances for the microscopic structures at the liquid-solid interfaces upon shear flow. Special attention was given to a second-order nonlinear optical technique, sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy, which is a powerful tool for exploring the molecular-level structures and structural dynamics at the liquid-solid interfaces and offering new insights into the molecular mechanisms of the fluid slip at the interfaces. Moreover, we discuss the possible approaches for controlling the interfacial slip at the molecular level and highlight the current challenges and opportunities. Although the theoretical framework of the slip at the liquid-solid interfaces is still incomplete, we hope that this Perspective will complement and enhance our understanding of various interfacial properties and phenomena with respect to practical non-equilibrium dynamic processes happening at the interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Ai-Ping Pang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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Zhang C, Parada GA, Zhao X, Chen Z. Probing Surface Hydration and Molecular Structure of Zwitterionic and Polyacrylamide Hydrogels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13292-13300. [PMID: 31553882 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A hydrogel is a hydrophilic cross-linked polymer network which can contain a large amount of water. Hydrogels with distinguished interfacial physical toughness were analyzed for their potential application as antifouling coating materials, utilizing sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy as the interfacial analytical technique. The surface structures of one sulfobetaine (SBMA) zwitterionic hydrogel (ZWHG) and two polysaccharide hydrogels (PHGs) were probed in air; their interfacial structures with silica were examined using SFG in water and protein solutions, respectively. Both ZWHG and PHGs interfaces in water were dominated by strongly hydrogen-bonded water molecules, but the bonding strength associated with ZWHG was much stronger. Although all hydrogels experienced interfacial change in the presence of protein solutions, after cleaning, the zwitterionic hydrogel interface recovered almost completely while the other two hydrogels were subject to irreversible protein adsorption. Additionally, orientational analysis of ZWHG methyl groups in water was conducted and related to the superior hydrogen-bonding strength of water molecules at the ZWHG interface. The interfacial structures of hydrogel materials probed by SFG can be correlated to their antifouling properties. This research highlighted the critical role that hydrogen-bonding strength of interfacial water molecules play for antifouling applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
| | - German Alberto Parada
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanic Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry , University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue , Ann Arbor , Michigan 48109 , United States
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Endoh MK, Morimitsu Y, Salatto D, Huang Z, Sen M, Li W, Meng Y, Thanassi DG, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Kawaguchi D, Tanaka K, Koga T. Protein Resistance Driven by Polymer Nanoarchitecture. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1153-1159. [PMID: 35619442 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We report that the nanometer-scale architecture of polymer chains plays a crucial role in its protein resistant property over surface chemistry. Protein-repellent (noncharged), few nanometer thick polymer layers were designed with homopolymer chains physisorbed on solids. We evaluated the antifouling property of the hydrophilic or hydrophobic adsorbed homopolymer chains against bovine serum albumin in water. Molecular dynamics simulations along with sum frequency generation spectroscopy data revealed the self-organized nanoarchitecture of the adsorbed chains composed of inner nematic-like ordered segments and outer brush-like segments across homopolymer systems with different interactions among a polymer, substrate, and interfacial water. We propose that this structure acts as a dual barrier against protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya K. Endoh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yuma Morimitsu
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Daniel Salatto
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Zhixing Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Mani Sen
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - Yizhi Meng
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
| | - David G. Thanassi
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology and Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5222, United States
| | - Jan-Michael Y. Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Bobby G. Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences and Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Daisuke Kawaguchi
- Education Center for Global Leaders in Molecular Systems for Devices, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanaka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tadanori Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, United States
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Zhang X, Myers JN, Lin Q, Bielefeld JD, Chen Z. Probing the molecular structures of plasma-damaged and surface-repaired low-k dielectrics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:26130-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03649f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive characterization on the plasma-damaged and silylation-repaired low-k dielectrics was demonstrated here at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | - John N. Myers
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
| | | | | | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor
- USA
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Zhang X, Myers JN, Bielefeld JD, Lin Q, Chen Z. In situ observation of water behavior at the surface and buried interface of a low-k dielectric film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:18951-18961. [PMID: 25313691 DOI: 10.1021/am504833v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water adsorption in porous low-k dielectrics has become a significant challenge for both back-end-of-line integration and reliability. A simple method is proposed here to achieve in situ observation of water structure and water-induced structure changes at the poly(methyl silsesquioxane) (PMSQ) surface and the PMSQ/solid buried interface at the molecular level by combining sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopic and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies. First, in situ SFG investigations of water uptake were performed to provide direct evidence that water diffuses predominantly along the PMSQ/solid interface rather than through the bulk. Furthermore, SFG experiments were conducted at the PMSQ/water interface to simulate water behavior at the pore inner surfaces for porous low-k materials. Water molecules were found to form strong hydrogen bonds at the PMSQ surface, while weak hydrogen bonding was observed in the bulk. However, both strongly and weakly hydrogen bonded water components were detected at the PMSQ/SiO2 buried interface. This suggests that the water structures at PMSQ/solid buried interfaces are also affected by the nature of solid substrate. Moreover, the orientation of the Si-CH3 groups at the buried interface was permanently changed by water adsorption, which might due to low flexibility of Si-CH3 groups at the buried interface. In brief, this study provides direct evidence that water molecules tend to strongly bond (chemisorbed) with low-k dielectric at pore inner surfaces and at the low-k/solid interface of porous low-k dielectrics. Therefore, water components at the surfaces, rather than the bulk, are likely more responsible for chemisorbed water related degradation of the interconnection layer. Although the method developed here was based on a model system study, we believe it should be applicable to a wide variety of low-k materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Horinouchi A, Yamada NL, Tanaka K. Aggregation states of polystyrene at nonsolvent interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:6565-6570. [PMID: 24827027 DOI: 10.1021/la500829p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation states of polystyrene (PS) thin films at interfaces with nonsolvents such as water, methanol, and hexane were examined by specular neutron reflectivity and sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. The density profiles of the PS thin films along the direction normal to the interface with water and methanol were comparable to that in air. However, this was not the case for the film in hexane exhibiting a diffuse interfacial layer due to swelling. Also, the local conformation of PS in the outermost region of the films was quite sensitive to the surrounding environment and consequently responded to a change in its environment. This was the case for typical nonsolvents such as water and methanol. The extent of the conformational change might be explained in terms of the interfacial energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayanobu Horinouchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and ‡International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (WPI-I2CNER), Kyushu University , 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Lis D, Backus EHG, Hunger J, Parekh SH, Bonn M. Liquid flow along a solid surface reversibly alters interfacial chemistry. Science 2014; 344:1138-42. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1253793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Myers JN, Zhang C, Lee KW, Williamson J, Chen Z. Hygrothermal aging effects on buried molecular structures at epoxy interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:165-171. [PMID: 24345068 DOI: 10.1021/la4037869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial properties such as adhesion are determined by interfacial molecular structures. Adhesive interfaces in microelectronic packages that include organic polymers such as epoxy are susceptible to delamination during accelerated stress testing. Infrared-visible sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were used to study molecular structures at buried epoxy interfaces during hygrothermal aging to relate molecular structural changes at buried interfaces to decreases in macroscopic adhesion strength. SFG peaks associated with strongly hydrogen bonded water were detected at hydrophilic epoxy interfaces. Ordered interfacial water was also correlated to large decreases in interfacial adhesion strength that occurred as a result of hygrothermal aging, which suggests that water diffused to the interface and replaced original hydrogen bond networks. No water peaks were observed at hydrophobic epoxy interfaces, which was correlated with a much smaller decrease in adhesion strength from the same aging process. ATR-FTIR water signals observed in the epoxy bulk were mainly contributed by relatively weakly hydrogen bonded water molecules, which suggests that the bulk and interfacial water structure was different. Changes in interfacial methyl structures were observed regardless of the interfacial hydrophobicity which could be due to water acting as a plasticizer that restructured both the bulk and interfacial molecular structure. This research demonstrates that SFG studies of molecular structural changes at buried epoxy interfaces during hygrothermal aging can contribute to the understanding of moisture-induced failure mechanisms in electronic packages that contain organic adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- John N Myers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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11
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Hankett JM, Lu X, Liu Y, Seeley E, Chen Z. Interfacial molecular restructuring of plasticized polymers in water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20097-106. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03206c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a means to study the molecular changes of the top and bottom of polymers contacted to water simultaneously in situ. Plasticizers were found to transfer from polymer surfaces to water in minutes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Emily Seeley
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Zhan Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Michigan
- Ann Arbor, USA
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Hopkins AJ, Richmond GL. The water-hydrophobic interface: neutral and charged solute adsorption at fluorocarbon and hydrocarbon self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 67:261-273. [PMID: 23452489 DOI: 10.1366/12-06631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption of small molecular solutes in an aqueous solution to a soft hydrophobic surface is a topic relevant to many fields. In biological and industrial systems, the interfacial environment is often complex, containing an array of salts and organic compounds in the solution phase. Additionally, the surface itself can have a complex structure that can interact in unpredictable ways with small solutes in its vicinity. In this work, we studied model adsorption processes on hydrocarbon and fluorocarbon self-assembled monolayers by using vibrational sum frequency spectroscopy, with methanol and butylammonium chloride as adsorbates. The results indicate that differences in surface functionality have a significant impact on the organization of adsorbed organic species at hydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Hopkins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA.
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13
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No Ice-Like Water at Aqueous Biological Interfaces. Biointerphases 2012; 7:20. [DOI: 10.1007/s13758-012-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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ITO Y, KAWAI T, YASUDA A, MIYAMAE T. Structural Analysis at the Soft Contact Lens Material-Water Interface Using SFG Spectroscopy. KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 2012. [DOI: 10.1295/koron.69.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Yoo H, Paranji R, Pollack GH. Impact of Hydrophilic Surfaces on Interfacial Water Dynamics Probed with NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2011; 2:532-536. [PMID: 22003430 PMCID: PMC3192025 DOI: 10.1021/jz200057g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In suspensions of Nafion beads and of cationic gel beads, NMR spectroscopy showed two water-proton resonances, one representing intimate water layers next to the polymer surface, the other corresponding to water lying beyond. Both resonances show notably shorter spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) and smaller self-diffusion coefficients (D) indicating slower dynamics than bulk water. These findings confirm the existence of highly restricted water layers adsorbed onto hydrophilic surfaces and dynamically stable water beyond the first hydration layers. Thus, aqueous regions on the order of micrometers are dynamically different from bulk water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyok Yoo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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Jena KC, Covert PA, Hore DK. Phase measurement in nondegenerate three-wave mixing spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:044712. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3548840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Uosaki K, Noguchi H, Yamamoto R, Nihonyanagi S. Interfacial Molecular Structures of Polyelectrolyte Brush in Contact with Dry Nitrogen, Water Vapor, Liquid Water, and Aqueous Electrolyte Solution Studied by Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:17271-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ja107265q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Uosaki
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hidenori Noguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Rie Yamamoto
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan, and Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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Buchbinder AM, Weitz E, Geiger FM. When the Solute Becomes the Solvent: Orientation, Ordering, and Structure of Binary Mixtures of 1-Hexanol and Cyclohexane over the (0001) α-Al2O3 Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:14661-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ja1068504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Avram M. Buchbinder
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Eric Weitz
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Franz M. Geiger
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute for Catalysis in Energy Processes, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Davies PB. Interference effects in the sum frequency generation spectra of thin organic films. II: Applications to different thin-film systems. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:034705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3428673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Abstract
While recent research on interfacial water has focused mainly on the few interfacial layers adjacent to the solid boundary, century-old studies have extensively shown that macroscopic domains of liquids near interfaces acquire features different from the bulk. Interest in these long-range effects has been rekindled by recent observations showing that colloidal and molecular solutes are excluded from extensive regions next to many hydrophilic surfaces [Zheng and Pollack Phys. Rev. E 2003, 68, 031408]. Studies of these aqueous "exclusion zones" reveal a more ordered phase than bulk water, with local charge separation between the exclusion zones and the regions beyond [Zheng et al. Colloid Interface Sci. 2006, 127, 19; Zheng and Pollack Water and the Cell: Solute exclusion and potential distribution near hydrophilic surfaces; Springer: Netherlands, 2006; pp 165-174], here confirmed using pH measurements. The main question, however, is where the energy for building these charged, low-entropy zones might come from. It is shown that radiant energy profoundly expands these zones in a reversible, wavelength-dependent manner. It appears that incident radiant energy may be stored in the water as entropy loss and charge separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binghua Chai
- Department of Bioengineering, Box 355061, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Tateishi Y, Kai N, Noguchi H, Uosaki K, Nagamura T, Tanaka K. Local conformation of poly(methyl methacrylate) at nitrogen and water interfaces. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00227h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Jena KC, Hore DK. Water structure at solid surfaces and its implications for biomolecule adsorption. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14383-404. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00260g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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