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Hanozin E, Harper CC, McPartlan MS, Williams ER. Dynamics of Rayleigh Fission Processes in ∼100 nm Charged Aqueous Nanodrops. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1611-1622. [PMID: 37637724 PMCID: PMC10451037 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Fission of micron-size charged droplets has been observed using optical methods, but little is known about fission dynamics and breakup of smaller nanosize droplets that are important in a variety of natural and industrial processes. Here, spontaneous fission of individual aqueous nanodrops formed by electrospray is investigated using charge detection mass spectrometry. Fission processes ranging from formation of just two progeny droplets in 2 ms to production of dozens of progeny droplets over 100+ ms are observed for nanodrops that are charged above the Rayleigh limit. These results indicate that Rayleigh fission is a continuum of processes that produce progeny droplets that vary widely in charge, mass, and number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Hanozin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Conner C. Harper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Matthew S. McPartlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Evan R. Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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2
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Zhou H, Modi S, Biswas P. Controlled synthesis of charged lignin nanocarriers by electrospray. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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3
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Grigor’ev AI, Shiryaeva SO. On Realization Peculiarities of Electrostatic Instability of a Fluid’s Charged Surface in Different Geometries. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375522030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Grigor’ev AI, Shiryaeva SO. On the Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Liquids on the Regularities of Their Electrodispersion. COLLOID JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x21050057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Grigor’ev AI, Shiryaeva SO. Parameters of Electrostatic Disintegration of Charged Drops Suspended in a Superposition of Electrostatic, Gravitational, and Aerodynamic Fields. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Singh M, Gawande N, Mayya YS, Thaokar R. Subcritical asymmetric Rayleigh breakup of a charged drop induced by finite amplitude perturbations in a quadrupole trap. Phys Rev E 2021; 103:053111. [PMID: 34134216 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.103.053111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The breakup pathway of Rayleigh fission of a charged drop is unequivocally demonstrated by continuous, high-speed imaging of a drop levitated in an AC quadrupole trap. The experimental observations consistently exhibited asymmetric, subcritical Rayleigh breakup with an upward (i.e., opposite to the direction of gravity) ejection of a jet from the levitated drop. These experiments supported by numerical calculations show that the gravity induced downward shift of the equilibrium position of the drop in the trap causes significant, large amplitude shape oscillations superimposed over the center-of-mass oscillations. The shape oscillations result in sufficient deformations to act as triggers for the onset of instability below the Rayleigh limit (a subcritical instability). The concurrently occurring, center-of-mass oscillations, which are out of phase with the applied voltage, are shown to lead to an asymmetric breakup such that the Rayleigh fission occurs upwards via the ejection of a jet at the pole of the deformed drop. As an important application, it follows by inference that the nanodrop generation in electrospray devices will occur, more as a rule rather than as an exception, via asymmetric, subcritical Rayleigh fission events of microdrops due to inherent directionality provided by the external electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Neha Gawande
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Y S Mayya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Rochish Thaokar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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7
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The prediction of size and charge of particles formed from evaporation of charged droplets generated in an electrospray system. Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Singh M, Gawande N, Mayya YS, Thaokar R. Effect of the Quadrupolar Trap Potential on the Rayleigh Instability and Breakup of a Levitated Charged Droplet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:15759-15768. [PMID: 31651172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The experimental demonstration of Rayleigh instability that results in the breakup of a charged droplet, levitated in a quadrupole trap, has been investigated in the literature, but only scarcely. We report here the asymmetric breakup of a charged drop, levitated in a loose trap, wherein the droplet is stabilized at an off-center location in the trap. This aspect of levitation leads to an asymmetric breakup of the charged drop, predominantly in a direction opposite to that of gravity. In the present work, we report the evidence of successive events of the deformation and breakup of a charged drop and its subsequent relaxation after jet ejection using high-speed imaging at a couple of hundred thousand frames per second. Several relevant aspects of this phenomenon such as the effect of the electrodynamic (ED) trap parameters in terms of the applied potential as well as physical parameters such as the size of the drop, gravity, and conductivity on the characteristics of droplet breakup are explored. A clear effect of the trap strength on the deformation (both symmetric and asymmetric) is observed. Moreover, the cone angle at the pole undergoing asymmetric breakup is almost independent of the applied field investigated in the experiments. All of the experimental observations are compared with numerical simulations carried out using the boundary element method (BEM) in the Stokes flow limit. The BEM simulations are also extended to other experimentally achievable parameters. It is observed that the breakup in our study is mostly field-influenced and not field-induced. A plausible theory for the observations is reported, and a sensitive role of the sign of the charge on the droplet and the sign of the end-cap potential, as well as the off-center location of the droplet in the trap, is elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Neha Gawande
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Y S Mayya
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
| | - Rochish Thaokar
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Bombay , Mumbai 400076 , India
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9
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Grigor’ev AI, Petrushov NA, Shiryaeva SO. On nonlinear deformation correction to oscillations frequencies of a strongly charged drop in an electrostatic suspension. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375517040068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Pillai R, Berry JD, Harvie DJE, Davidson MR. Electrokinetics of isolated electrified drops. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3310-3325. [PMID: 26954299 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00047a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using a recently developed multiphase electrokinetic model, we simulate the transient electrohydrodynamic response of a liquid drop containing ions, to both small and large values of electric field. The temporal evolution is found to be governed primarily by two dimensionless groups: (i) Ohnesorge number (Oh), a ratio of viscous to inertio-capillary effects, and (ii) inverse dimensionless Debye length (κ), a measure of the diffuse regions of charge that develop in the drop. The effects of dielectric polarization dominate at low Oh, while effects of separated charge gain importance with increase in Oh. For small values of electric field, the deformation behaviour of a drop is shown to be accurately described by a simple analytical expression. At large electric fields, the drops are unstable and eject progeny drops. Depending on Oh and κ this occurs via dripping or jetting; the regime transitions are shown by a Oh-κ phase map. In contrast to previous studies, we find universal scaling relations to predict size and charge of progeny drops. Our simulations suggest charge transport plays a significant role in drop dynamics for 0.1 ≤ Oh ≤ 10, a parameter range of interest in microscale flows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pillai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Huang HY, Shen HH, Tien CH, Li CJ, Fan SK, Liu CH, Hsu WS, Yao DJ. Digital Microfluidic Dynamic Culture of Mammalian Embryos on an Electrowetting on Dielectric (EWOD) Chip. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124196. [PMID: 25933003 PMCID: PMC4416819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Current human fertilization in vitro (IVF) bypasses the female oviduct and manually inseminates, fertilizes and cultivates embryos in a static microdrop containing appropriate chemical compounds. A microfluidic microchannel system for IVF is considered to provide an improved in-vivo-mimicking environment to enhance the development in a culture system for an embryo before implantation. We demonstrate a novel digitalized microfluidic device powered with electrowetting on a dielectric (EWOD) to culture an embryo in vitro in a single droplet in a microfluidic environment to mimic the environment in vivo for development of the embryo and to culture the embryos with good development and live births. Our results show that the dynamic culture powered with EWOD can manipulate a single droplet containing one mouse embryo and culture to the blastocyst stage. The rate of embryo cleavage to a hatching blastocyst with a dynamic culture is significantly greater than that with a traditional static culture (p<0.05). The EWOD chip enhances the culture of mouse embryos in a dynamic environment. To test the reproductive outcome of the embryos collected from an EWOD chip as a culture system, we transferred embryos to pseudo-pregnant female mice and produced live births. These results demonstrate that an EWOD-based microfluidic device is capable of culturing mammalian embryos in a microfluidic biological manner, presaging future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung University and College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Hua Shen
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystem, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hung Tien
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linkou Medical Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Kang Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsien Liu
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Syang Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Da-Jeng Yao
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystem, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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12
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Coalescence and breakup of oppositely charged droplets. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7123. [PMID: 25410022 PMCID: PMC4238017 DOI: 10.1038/srep07123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coalescence process of oppositely charged drops for different electrical conductivities of liquids is presented. When the electrical conductivity was relatively low, oppositely charged drops failed to coalesce under sufficiently high electrical fields and capillary ripples were formed on the surfaces of droplets after rebound. For a high electrically conductive liquid, it was found that a crown profile of drop fission always appeared on the top surface of negatively charged drops after the two charged drops contacted and bounced off. Furthermore, we report here, for the first time, the newly found phenomenon and argue that the break up might be caused by Rayleigh instability, a form of Coulomb fission. The different mobility of positive and negative ions is the underlying mechanism that explains why the break up always happened on the negative side of charged drops.
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13
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Bodnár E, Rosell-Llompart J. Growth dynamics of granular films produced by electrospray. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 407:536-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Burton JC, Taborek P. Simulations of coulombic fission of charged inviscid drops. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 106:144501. [PMID: 21561194 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.144501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present boundary-integral simulations of the evolution of critically charged droplets. For such droplets, small perturbations are unstable and eventually lead to the formation of a lemon-shaped drop with very sharp tips. For perfectly conducting drops, the tip forms a self-similar cone shape with a subtended angle identical to that of a Taylor cone, and quantities such as pressure and velocity diverge in time with power-law scaling. In contrast, when charge transport is described by a finite conductivity, we find that small progeny drops are formed at the tips, whose size decreases as the conductivity is increased. These small progeny drops are of nearly critical charge, and are precursors to the emission of a sustained flow of liquid from the tips as observed in experiments of isolated charged drops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Burton
- James Franck Institute and Department of Physics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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15
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Kim OV, Dunn PF. Controlled production of droplets by in-flight electrospraying. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:15807-15813. [PMID: 20839855 DOI: 10.1021/la102793j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Diameter, velocity, and charge measurements of progeny droplets produced in-flight by a millimeter-size parent drop subjected to electric and ionic fields are reported. Different drop breakup modes were studied using phase doppler anemometry and high-speed digital photography. Drop breakup occurred in applied electric (∼1 kV/cm to ∼10 kV/cm) and ionic (∼10(13)/m(3) to ∼10(15)/m(3)) fields that were generated using a DC-corona discharge in a needle-plate configuration. Effects of the external electric field and the diameter of the parent drop are considered. Several models are summarized, including simulations of the electrohydrodynamics of the corona discharge, electrocapillary stability analysis of the jet, and progeny droplets mobility analysis. Using experimental and model results, the charge of progeny drops is shown to vary as the three-halves power of their diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V Kim
- Particle Dynamics Laboratory, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA.
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