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In-situ synthesis of metal nanoparticle embedded soft hybrid materials via eco-benign approach. PURE APPL CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2021-0801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The unique optical and electronic properties of metal nanoparticles and tunable properties of the organic templates encourage the scientific community to generate metal nanoparticle embedded soft hybrid materials for various novel utilities. Here, we discuss the in-situ synthesis of metal nanoparticle embedded soft hybrid materials via eco-benign approach which exclude the use of toxic reducing/capping agents or toxic reaction media. In this protocol, the gel matrix composed of benign organic templates act as reducing as well as stabilizing agent for the in-situ generation and stabilization of metal nanoparticles. As the incorporation of metal salts (as nanoparticle precursor) in the gel medium is required in this process, in most of the cases aqueous media were used for the generation of metal nanoparticle embedded soft hybrid materials. This discussion includes interesting findings from our laboratory where hybrid gel matrix composed of renewable chemicals was utilized for the in-situ synthesis of palladium nanoparticle embedded soft trihybrid material. The hybrid gel matrix rich in polyphenols/flavonoids was exploited to generate palladium nanoparticle embedded trihybrid gel through in-situ reduction of doped Pd (II) salts to stable PdNPs. The xerogel of this trihybrid material was utilized as recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for C-C coupling reaction in air under phosphene free condition and reduction reaction.
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Zafar F, Khan S, Mondal AH, Sharmin E, Rizwanul Haq QM, Nishat N. Application of FTIR-ATR spectroscopy to confirm the microwave assisted synthesis and curing of Cashew nut shell liquid derived nanostructured materials. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117732. [PMID: 31753655 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The present work reports the development of nanostructured material from Cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL, an agro byproduct of cashew industry, 87% cardanol) to evaluate their potential in antibacterial applications as a substitute of petroleum feedstock via an energy-efficient method. The nanostructured material was synthesized by coordination polymerization reaction of cardanol and divalent Mn(II) salt with the aid of microwave irradiations. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the proposed structure of the synthesized materials. FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was employed to verify the curing of material by comparing the spectra of the cured samples with the frequencies of uncured samples. Magnetic moment and UV-visible spectroscopy were used to confirm the proposed structure of the material further. Morphology of the synthesized material was investigated by XRD, optical microscopy, SEM and TEM and thermal behaviour by TGA/DTG/DSC technique. Agar diffusion method was utilized to investigate the antibacterial activity of the synthesized material against bacterial strains E. coli, K. pneumoniae, B. subtilis and S. aureus. N2 adsorption-desorption was investigated to check BET specific surface area and BJH pore size distribution of the same. The results revealed that the synthesized materials were obtained as semicrystalline, porous, thermally stable and nanostructured film forming materials with moderate to good antibacterial activity against different nosocomial bacteria. They can be used as thermally stable antibacterial agents in the field of films/coatings for health care applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmina Zafar
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Shabnam Khan
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Aftab Hossain Mondal
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Eram Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, PO Box 715, 21955, Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haq
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Nahid Nishat
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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John G, Nagarajan S, Vemula PK, Silverman JR, Pillai C. Natural monomers: A mine for functional and sustainable materials – Occurrence, chemical modification and polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Ma HX, Xu ZB, Qiu JJ, Liu CM. Synthesis of artificial urushi via ring-opening reaction of benzoxazine with renewable cardanol. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Karabiyikoglu S, Boon BA, Merlic CA. Cycloaddition Reactions of Cobalt-Complexed Macrocyclic Alkynes: The Transannular Pauson-Khand Reaction. J Org Chem 2017; 82:7732-7744. [PMID: 28719209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Pauson-Khand reaction is a powerful tool for the synthesis of cyclopentenones through the efficient [2 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition of dicobalt alkyne complexes with alkenes. While intermolecular and intramolecular variants are widely known, transannular versions of this reaction are unknown and the basis of this study. Macrocyclic enyne and dienyne complexes were readily synthesized by palladium(II)-catalyzed oxidative macrocyclizations of bis(vinyl boronate esters) or ring-closing metathesis reactions followed by complexation with dicobalt octacarbonyl. Several reaction modalities of these macrocyclic complexes were uncovered. In addition to the first successful transannular Pauson-Khand reactions, other intermolecular and transannular cycloaddition reactions included intermolecular Pauson-Khand reactions, transannular [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, intermolecular [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, and intermolecular [2 + 2 + 1 + 1] cycloaddition reactions. The structural and reaction requirements for each process are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedef Karabiyikoglu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Byron A Boon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Craig A Merlic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California , Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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Divya KP, Miroshnikov M, Dutta D, Vemula PK, Ajayan PM, John G. In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticle Embedded Hybrid Soft Nanomaterials. Acc Chem Res 2016; 49:1671-80. [PMID: 27552443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The allure of integrating the tunable properties of soft nanomaterials with the unique optical and electronic properties of metal nanoparticles has led to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials. A promising method for the synthesis of such organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials is afforded by the in situ generation of metal nanoparticles within a host organic template. Due to their tunable surface morphology and porosity, soft organic materials such as gels, liquid crystals, and polymers that are derived from various synthetic or natural compounds can act as templates for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes. This method provides stabilization to the metal nanoparticles by the organic soft material and advantageously precludes the use of external reducing or capping agents in many instances. In this Account, we exemplify the green chemistry approach for synthesizing these materials, both in the choice of gelators as soft material frameworks and in the reduction mechanisms that generate the metal nanoparticles. Established herein is the core design principle centered on conceiving multifaceted amphiphilic soft materials that possess the ability to self-assemble and reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. Furthermore, these soft materials stabilize the in situ generated metal nanoparticles and retain their self-assembly ability to generate metal nanoparticle embedded homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid materials. We discuss a remarkable example of vegetable-based drying oils as host templates for metal ions, resulting in the synthesis of novel hybrid nanomaterials. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles via polymers and self-assembled materials fabricated via cardanol (a bioorganic monomer derived from cashew nut shell liquid) are also explored in this Account. The organic-inorganic hybrid structures were characterized by several techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Utilization of silver nanoparticle-based hybrid nanomaterials as an antimicrobial material is another illustration of the advantage of hybrid nanomaterials. We envision that the results summarized in this Account will help the scientific community to design and develop diverse organic-inorganic hybrid materials using environmentally benign methods and that these materials will yield advanced properties that have multifaceted applications in various research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kizhmuri P. Divya
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Mikhail Miroshnikov
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program
in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New
York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Debjit Dutta
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Vemula
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine (inStem), Bellary Road, Bangalore 560065, India
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- Department
of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - George John
- Department
of Chemistry and Center for Discovery and Innovation, The City College of New York, 85 St. Nicholas Terrace, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Ph.D. Program
in Chemistry, The Graduate Center of The City University of New York, New
York, New York 10016, United States
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Zafar F, Azam M, Sharmin E, Zafar H, Rizwanul Haq QM, Nishat N. Nanostructured coordination complexes/polymers derived from cardanol: “one-pot, two-step” solventless synthesis and characterization. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
An eco-design of Cardanol and Mn(ii)/Co(ii) based nanostructured CP with octahedral geometry and form micro to nano spheres that self arranged to contour amorphous, layered morphology with desirable antibiofilm activity and high thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmina Zafar
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- New Delhi 110025
- India
| | - Mudsser Azam
- Microbiology Research Laboratory
- Department of Biosciences
- New Delhi-110025
- India
| | - Eram Sharmin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- College of Pharmacy
- Umm Al-Qura University
- Makkah Al-Mukarramah
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Hina Zafar
- Division of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- Aligarh Muslim University
- Aligarh 202002
- India
| | | | - Nahid Nishat
- Inorganic Materials Research Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- New Delhi 110025
- India
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Sandrino B, Clemente CDS, Oliveira TMBF, Ribeiro FWP, Pavinatto FJ, Mazzetto SE, de Lima-Neto P, Correia AN, Pessoa CA, Wohnrath K. Amphiphilic porphyrin-cardanol derivatives in Langmuir and Langmuir–Blodgett films applied for sensing. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Balachandran VS, Jadhav SR, Vemula PK, John G. Recent advances in cardanol chemistry in a nutshell: from a nut to nanomaterials. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:427-38. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35344j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Epoxidizable Fatty Amide–Phenol Conjugates. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-011-1785-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Perhaps the largest challenge for our global society is to find ways to replace the slowly but inevitably vanishing fossil fuel supplies by renewable resources and, at the same time, avoid negative effects from the current energy system on climate, environment, and health. The quality of human life to a large degree depends upon the availability of clean energy sources. The worldwide power consumption is expected to double in the next 3 decades because of the increase in world population and the rising demand of energy in the developing countries. This implies enhanced depletion of fossil fuel reserves, leading to further aggravation of the environmental pollution. As a consequence of dwindling resources, a huge power supply gap of 14 terawatts is expected to open up by year 2050 equaling today's entire consumption, thus threatening to create a planetary emergency of gigantic dimensions. Solar energy is expected to play a crucial role as a future energy source. The sun provides about 120,000 terawatts to the earth's surface, which amounts to 6000 times the present rate of the world's energy consumption. However, capturing solar energy and converting it to electricity or chemical fuels, such as hydrogen, at low cost and using abundantly available raw materials remains a huge challenge. Chemistry is expected to make pivotal contributions to identify environmentally friendly solutions to this energy problem. One area of great promise is that of solar converters generally referred to as "organic photovoltaic cells" (OPV) that employ organic constituents for light harvesting or charge carrier transport. While this field is still in its infancy, it is receiving enormous research attention, with the number of publications growing exponentially over the past decade. The advantage of this new generation of solar cells is that they can be produced at low cost, i.e., potentially less than 1 U.S. $/peak watt. Some but not all OPV embodiments can avoid the expensive and energy-intensive high vacuum and materials purification steps that are currently employed in the fabrication of all other thin-film solar cells. Organic materials are abundantly available, so that the technology can be scaled up to the terawatt scale without running into feedstock supply problems. This gives organic-based solar cells an advantage over the two major competing thin-film photovoltaic devices, i.e., CdTe and CuIn(As)Se, which use highly toxic materials of low natural abundance. However, a drawback of the current embodiment of OPV cells is that their efficiency is significantly lower than that for single and multicrystalline silicon as well as CdTe and CuIn(As)Se cells. Also, polymer-based OPV cells are very sensitive to water and oxygen and, hence, need to be carefully sealed to avoid rapid degradation. The research discussed within the framework of this Account aims at identifying and providing solutions to the efficiency problems that the OPV field is still facing. The discussion focuses on mesoscopic solar cells, in particular, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), which have been developed in our laboratory and remain the focus of our investigations. The efficiency problem is being tackled using molecular science and nanotechnology. The sensitizer constitutes the heart of the DSC, using sunlight to pump electrons from a lower to a higher energy level, generating in this fashion an electric potential difference, which can exploited to produce electric work. Currently, there is a quest for sensitizers that achieve effective harnessing of the red and near-IR part of sunlight, converting these photons to electricity better than the currently used generation of dyes. Progress in this area has been significant over the past few years, resulting in a boost in the conversion efficiency of the DSC that will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Basic Science, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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