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Kumar S, Tao Y. Coronenes, Benzocoronenes and Beyond: Modern Aspects of Their Syntheses, Properties, and Applications. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:621-647. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Kumar
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Tai Tao
- Institute of Chemistry Academia Sinica Taipei 11529 Taiwan
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Müller K, Schmidt N, Link S, Riedel R, Bock J, Malone W, Lasri K, Kara A, Starke U, Kivala M, Stöhr M. Triphenylene-Derived Electron Acceptors and Donors on Ag(111): Formation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Complexes with Common Unoccupied Molecular States. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1901741. [PMID: 31264784 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Over the past years, ultrathin films consisting of electron donating and accepting molecules have attracted increasing attention due to their potential usage in optoelectronic devices. Key parameters for understanding and tuning their performance are intermolecular and molecule-substrate interactions. Here, the formation of a monolayer thick blend of triphenylene-based organic donor and acceptor molecules from 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexamethoxytriphenylene (HAT) and 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylenehexacarbonitrile (HATCN), respectively, on a silver (111) surface is reported. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, valence and core level photoelectron spectroscopy, as well as low-energy electron diffraction measurements are used, complemented by density functional theory calculations, to investigate both the electronic and structural properties of the homomolecular as well as the intermixed layers. The donor molecules are weakly interacting with the Ag(111) surface, while the acceptor molecules show a strong interaction with the substrate leading to charge transfer and substantial buckling of the top silver layer and of the adsorbates. Upon mixing acceptor and donor molecules, strong hybridization occurs between the two different molecules leading to the emergence of a common unoccupied molecular orbital located at both the donor and acceptor molecules. The donor acceptor blend studied here is, therefore, a compelling candidate for organic electronics based on self-assembled charge-transfer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Müller
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nico Schmidt
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Stefan Link
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - René Riedel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Bock
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter Malone
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Karima Lasri
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Abdelkader Kara
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Ulrich Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Milan Kivala
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut & Centre for Advanced Materials, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270 & 225, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Meike Stöhr
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747, AG, Groningen, Netherlands
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Chen MT, Hofmann OT, Gerlach A, Bröker B, Bürker C, Niederhausen J, Hosokai T, Zegenhagen J, Vollmer A, Rieger R, Müllen K, Schreiber F, Salzmann I, Koch N, Zojer E, Duhm S. Energy-level alignment at strongly coupled organic-metal interfaces. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2019; 31:194002. [PMID: 30673641 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ab0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Energy-level alignment at organic-metal interfaces plays a crucial role for the performance of organic electronic devices. However, reliable models to predict energetics at strongly coupled interfaces are still lacking. We elucidate contact formation of 1,2,5,6,9,10-coronenehexone (COHON) to the (1 1 1)-surfaces of coinage metals by means of ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the x-ray standing wave technique, and density functional theory calculations. While for low COHON thicknesses, the work-functions of the systems vary considerably, for thicker organic films Fermi-level pinning leads to identical work functions of 5.2 eV for all COHON-covered metals irrespective of the pristine substrate work function and the interfacial interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Ting Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices and Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Road, Suzhou 215123, People's Republic of China
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Curcio D, Omiciuolo L, Pozzo M, Lacovig P, Lizzit S, Jabeen N, Petaccia L, Alfè D, Baraldi A. Molecular Lifting, Twisting, and Curling during Metal-Assisted Polycyclic Hydrocarbon Dehydrogenation. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3395-402. [PMID: 26829531 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The atomistic understanding of the dissociation mechanisms for large molecules adsorbed on surfaces is still a challenge in heterogeneous catalysis. This is especially true for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which represent an important class of organic compounds used to produce novel graphene-based architectures. Here, we show that coronene molecules adsorbed on Ir(111) undergo major conformational changes during dissociation. They first tilt upward with respect to the surface, still keeping their planar configuration, and subsequently experience a rotation, which changes the molecular axis orientation. Upon lifting, the internal C-C strain is initially relieved; as the dehydrogenation proceeds, the molecules experience a progressive increase in the average interatomic distance and gradually settle to form dome-shaped nanographene flakes. Our results provide important insight into the complex mechanism of molecular breakup, which could have implications in the synthesis of new carbon-based nanostructured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Curcio
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Omiciuolo
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Monica Pozzo
- Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Thomas Young Centre@UCL, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo Lacovig
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvano Lizzit
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Naila Jabeen
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,International Centre for Theoretical Physics , Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy.,Nanosciences & Catalysis Division, National Centre for Physics , Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Luca Petaccia
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Alfè
- Department of Earth Sciences, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Thomas Young Centre@UCL, London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Baraldi
- Physics Department, University of Trieste , Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy.,Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. , Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy.,Laboratorio TASC, IOM-CNR , AREA Science Park, Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Das A, Ghosh S. Supramolekulare Anordnungen mit Charge-Transfer-Wechselwirkungen zwischen Donor- und Akzeptor-Chromophoren. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201307756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Das A, Ghosh S. Supramolecular Assemblies by Charge-Transfer Interactions between Donor and Acceptor Chromophores. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2038-54. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201307756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Charged and metallic molecular monolayers through surface-induced aromatic stabilization. Nat Chem 2013; 5:187-94. [PMID: 23422560 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Large π-conjugated molecules, when in contact with a metal surface, usually retain a finite electronic gap and, in this sense, stay semiconducting. In some cases, however, the metallic character of the underlying substrate is seen to extend onto the first molecular layer. Here, we develop a chemical rationale for this intriguing phenomenon. In many reported instances, we find that the conjugation length of the organic semiconductors increases significantly through the bonding of specific substituents to the metal surface and through the concomitant rehybridization of the entire backbone structure. The molecules at the interface are thus converted into different chemical species with a strongly reduced electronic gap. This mechanism of surface-induced aromatic stabilization helps molecules to overcome competing phenomena that tend to keep the metal Fermi level between their frontier orbitals. Our findings aid in the design of stable precursors for metallic molecular monolayers, and thus enable new routes for the chemical engineering of metal surfaces.
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de Abreu L, López-Castillo A. Theoretical characterization of the BN and BP coronenes by IR, Raman, and UV-VIS spectra. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:044309. [PMID: 22852620 DOI: 10.1063/1.4737519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leandro de Abreu
- Departamento de Química, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP 13560-970, Brazil
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Medjanik K, Chercka D, Nagel P, Merz M, Schuppler S, Baumgarten M, Müllen K, Nepijko SA, Elmers HJ, Schönhense G, Jeschke HO, Valenti R. Orbital-Resolved Partial Charge Transfer from the Methoxy Groups of Substituted Pyrenes in Complexes with Tetracyanoquinodimethane—A NEXAFS Study. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:4694-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja2100802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Medjanik
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099
Mainz, Germany
| | - Dennis Chercka
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Postfach 3148, 55021 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Peter Nagel
- Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology
(KIT), Institut für Festkörperphysik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michael Merz
- Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology
(KIT), Institut für Festkörperphysik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuppler
- Karlsruhe Institute
of Technology
(KIT), Institut für Festkörperphysik, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Baumgarten
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Postfach 3148, 55021 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung, Postfach 3148, 55021 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Sergej A. Nepijko
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099
Mainz, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Elmers
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099
Mainz, Germany
| | - Gerd Schönhense
- Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099
Mainz, Germany
| | - Harald O. Jeschke
- Institut für Theoretische
Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roser Valenti
- Institut für Theoretische
Physik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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