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Guzman NA, Guzman DE, Blanc T. Advancements in portable instruments based on affinity-capture-migration and affinity-capture-separation for use in clinical testing and life science applications. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1704:464109. [PMID: 37315445 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The shift from testing at centralized diagnostic laboratories to remote locations is being driven by the development of point-of-care (POC) instruments and represents a transformative moment in medicine. POC instruments address the need for rapid results that can inform faster therapeutic decisions and interventions. These instruments are especially valuable in the field, such as in an ambulance, or in remote and rural locations. The development of telehealth, enabled by advancements in digital technologies like smartphones and cloud computing, is also aiding in this evolution, allowing medical professionals to provide care remotely, potentially reducing healthcare costs and improving patient longevity. One notable POC device is the lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), which played a major role in addressing the COVID-19 pandemic due to its ease of use, rapid analysis time, and low cost. However, LFIA tests exhibit relatively low analytical sensitivity and provide semi-quantitative information, indicating either a positive, negative, or inconclusive result, which can be attributed to its one-dimensional format. Immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis (IACE), on the other hand, offers a two-dimensional format that includes an affinity-capture step of one or more matrix constituents followed by release and electrophoretic separation. The method provides greater analytical sensitivity, and quantitative information, thereby reducing the rate of false positives, false negatives, and inconclusive results. Combining LFIA and IACE technologies can thus provide an effective and economical solution for screening, confirming results, and monitoring patient progress, representing a key strategy in advancing diagnostics in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto A Guzman
- Princeton Biochemicals, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America.
| | - Daniel E Guzman
- Princeton Biochemicals, Inc., Princeton, NJ 08543, United States of America; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Timothy Blanc
- Eli Lilly and Company, Branchburg, NJ 08876, United States of America
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2
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Hamzah N, Kjellberg M, Vanninen P. Optimized method for analysis of ethanolamines, hydrolysis products of nitrogen mustards, from urine samples using LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1176:122762. [PMID: 34052559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly polar ethanolamines (EAs), excreted in urine, are hydrolysis products of nitrogen mustards (NMs), which are prohibited by the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The methods established for biological matrices are essential for verification analysis of the CWC related chemicals. This paper describes a new liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method developed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of EAs, N-ethyldiethanolamine (EDEA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and triethanolamine (TEAOH) from urine samples. After optimization of sample preparation and chromatographic conditions, the method was fully validated. Silica solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges and a porous graphite carbon (PGC) column were selected for validation studies. The method is linear from 5 to 500, 0.5 to 250, and 0.5 to 500 ng/mL for TEAOH, EDEA, and MDEA, respectively. It is also precise and accurate. A minimum sample amount of 0.5 mL urine was used. The limit of quantification using this approach was 0.4, 5.5, and 6.3 ng/mL for MDEA, EDEA and TEAOH, respectively. The combination of the PGC column and high pH eluents in analysis retained and separated the studied EAs. Retention times were 2.11, 2.56 and 2.98 min for MDEA, EDEA and TEAOH, respectively. The method is applicable for verification analysis of the CWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhazlina Hamzah
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Matti Kjellberg
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula Vanninen
- Finnish Institute for Verification of the Chemical Weapons Convention (VERIFIN), Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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4
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Petkovic K, Swallow A, Stewart R, Gao Y, Li S, Glenn F, Gotama J, Dell'Olio M, Best M, Doward J, Ovendon S, Zhu Y. An Integrated Portable Multiplex Microchip Device for Fingerprinting Chemical Warfare Agents. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E617. [PMID: 31527486 PMCID: PMC6780382 DOI: 10.3390/mi10090617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The rapid and reliable detection of chemical and biological agents in the field is important for many applications such as national security, environmental monitoring, infectious diseases screening, and so on. Current commercially available devices may suffer from low field deployability, specificity, and reproducibility, as well as a high false alarm rate. This paper reports the development of a portable lab-on-a-chip device that could address these issues. The device integrates a polymer multiplexed microchip system, a contactless conductivity detector, a data acquisition and signal processing system, and a graphic/user interface. The samples are pre-treated by an on-chip capillary electrophoresis system. The separated analytes are detected by conductivity-based microsensors. Extensive studies are carried out to achieve satisfactory reproducibility of the microchip system. Chemical warfare agents soman (GD), sarin (GB), O-ethyl S-[2-diisoproylaminoethyl] methylphsophonothioate (VX), and their degradation products have been tested on the device. It was demonstrated that the device can fingerprint the tested chemical warfare agents. In addition, the detection of ricin and metal ions in water samples was demonstrated. Such a device could be used for the rapid and sensitive on-site detection of both chemical and biological agents in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Stewart
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Yuan Gao
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Sheng Li
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Fiona Glenn
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Januar Gotama
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Mel Dell'Olio
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Michael Best
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Justin Doward
- DST, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Simon Ovendon
- DST, 506 Lorimer Street, Fishermans Bend, VIC 3207, Australia
| | - Yonggang Zhu
- CSIRO Manufacturing, Bayview Ave, Clayton 3168, Australia.
- Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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5
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Liu WE, Chen Z, Yang LP, Au-Yeung HY, Jiang W. Molecular recognition of organophosphorus compounds in water and inhibition of their toxicity to acetylcholinesterase. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9797-9800. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04603h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
endo-Functionalized molecular tubes are able to recognize toxic organophosphorus compounds in water. They can be used as a fluorescent sensor and as an inhibitor to reduce the toxicity of paraoxon to acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Er Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Hong Kong
- China
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
| | - Zhao Chen
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
| | | | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry
- Southern University of Science and Technology
- Shenzhen
- China
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6
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Chemical Analysis of Dumped Chemical Warfare Agents During the MODUM Project. NATO SCIENCE FOR PEACE AND SECURITY SERIES C: ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-024-1153-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
The synthesis and usage of a wide range of organic compounds have shown a considerable increase in the past few decades. Many of these compounds are potential pollutants for the environment. They differ from each other in their chemical structure and properties. Correspondingly different separation strategies are required for their separation. There is need to assess the human exposure to these chemicals and to identify and develop analytical methods for their identification. In this chapter we have presented some methods for the separation and the analysis of the organic pollutants like dyes, phenolic pollutants, phthalates, endocrine disrupting chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, explosives, agricultural pesticides, and toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147 002, India.
| | | | - Varinder Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Patiala, 160014, India
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Chen S, Ruan Y, Brown JD, Gallucci J, Maslak V, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. Assembly of Amphiphilic Baskets into Stimuli-Responsive Vesicles. Developing a Strategy for the Detection of Organophosphorus Chemical Nerve Agents. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:14964-7. [PMID: 24063351 DOI: 10.1021/ja408585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigui Chen
- Department of Chemistry
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Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Yian Ruan
- Department of Chemistry
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Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jason D. Brown
- Department of Chemistry
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Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Judith Gallucci
- Department of Chemistry
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Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Veselin Maslak
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry
and
Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry
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Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Sáiz J, Mai TD, Hauser PC, García-Ruiz C. Determination of nitrogen mustard degradation products in water samples using a portable capillary electrophoresis instrument. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:2078-84. [PMID: 23686627 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new purpose-made portable CE instrument with a contactless conductivity detector was used for the determination of degradation products of nitrogen mustards in different water samples. The capillary was coated with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) to avoid analyte-wall interactions. The coating procedure was studied to obtain the best repeatability of the migration time of the analytes. Four different coating procedures were compared; flushing the capillary with the copolymer at 100 psi for 2 min at 60°C provided the best RSD values (<4%). The analytical method was also optimized. The use of 20 mM of MES adjusted to pH 6.0 with His as running buffer allowed a good baseline separation of the three analytes in different water samples without matrix interferences. The method permitted the detection of the three degradation products down to 5 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sáiz
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Multipurpose Building of Chemistry, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Schwarzenberg A, Ichou F, Cole RB, Machuron-Mandard X, Junot C, Lesage D, Tabet JC. Identification tree based on fragmentation rules for structure elucidation of organophosphorus esters by electrospray mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:576-586. [PMID: 23674282 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds have played important roles as pesticides, chemical warfare agents and extractors of radioactive material. Structural elucidation of phosphonates poses a particular challenge because their initial forms can be hydrolyzed, thus, degradation products may predominate in samples acquired in the field. The analysis of non-volatile organophosphorus compounds and their degradation products is possible using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry ESI-MS/MS. Here, we present a generic strategy that allows the unambiguous identification of substituents for two families of organophosphorus compounds: the phosphonates and phosphates. General fragmentation rules were deduced based on the study of decomposition pathways of 55 organophosphorus esters, including examples found in the literature. Multistage MS (MS(n)) experiments at high resolution in a hybrid mass spectrometer provide accurate mass measurements, whereas collision-induced dissociation experiments in a triple quadrupole give access to small fragment ions. The creation of a specific nomenclature for each possible structure of organophosphorus compound, depending on the alkyl side chain linked to the oxygen, was achieved by applying these fragmentation rules. This led to the creation of an 'identification tree' based upon the unique consecutive decomposition pathways uncovered for each individual compound. Hence, seven structural motifs were created that orient an unequivocal identification using the 'identification tree'. Despite the similar structures of the ensemble of phosphate and phosphonate esters, distinct identifications based upon characteristic neutral losses and diagnostic fragment ions were possible in all cases.
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Ruan Y, Taha HA, Yoder RJ, Maslak V, Hadad CM, Badjić JD. The Prospect of Selective Recognition of Nerve Agents with Modular Basket-like Hosts. A Structure–Activity Study of the Entrapment of a Series of Organophosphonates in Aqueous Media. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:3240-9. [PMID: 23445375 DOI: 10.1021/jp401841w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yian Ruan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Hashem A. Taha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Ryan J. Yoder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Veselin Maslak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Jovica D. Badjić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio, United States
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Zirconia coated stir bar sorptive extraction combined with large volume sample stacking capillary electrophoresis-indirect ultraviolet detection for the determination of chemical warfare agent degradation products in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1247:49-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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