Carboxylate Shift Dynamics in Biomimetic Co2(μ-OH)2 Complexes

Carboxylate shift mechanisms provide low-energy pathways to accommodate changes in oxidation state and coordination number required during catalysis in metalloenzyme active sites. These processes are challenging to observe in their native enzymes and molecular models can provide insight into their mechanistic details. We report here the direct observation of a carboxylate shift reaction in biomimetic yet structurally stable dicobalt complexes featuring both monodentate and bridging acetate ligands, as well as intramolecular hydrogen-bonding interactions. Subjecting the series of complexes [Co2(μ-OH)2(μ-1,3-OAc)(κ-OAc)2(pyR)4]PF6 ([1R]PF6, OAc = acetate, pyR = pyridine with para-R substituents: OMe, H, or CN) to a Lewis acid triggers conversion of a monodentate acetate to a μ-1,3 bridging mode, forming [Co2(μ-OH)2(μ-1,3-OAc)2(pyR)4]2+ ([2R]2+). [2R]2+ is susceptible to solvent binding, affording [Co2(μ-OH)2(μ-1,3-OAc)(κ-OAc)(MeCN)(pyR)4]2+ ([3R]2+) in MeCN. These reaction products and intermediates were isolated and characterized in the solid state by isotopic labeling and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, as well as by X-ray diffraction. The kinetics of the formation and decay of [1R]+, [2R]2+, and [3R]2+ were also examined in situ by 1H-NMR spectroscopy to provide a kinetic model for the carboxylate shift reaction. The rate constants extracted from global fit analyses of these reactions increase with increasing electron donation from R. Leveraging robust diamagnetic CoIII complexes, these studies provide mechanistic details of carboxylate shift reactivity and highlight the utility of ligand dynamicity in mediating the transient formation of unstable metal complexes.

Site-Differentiated MnIIFeII Complex Reproducing the Selective Assembly of Biological Heterobimetallic Mn/Fe Cofactors

Class Ic ribonucleotide reductases (RNRIc) and R2-like ligand-binding oxidases (R2lox) are known to contain heterobimetallic Mn^IIFe^II cofactors. How these enzymes assemble Mn^IIFe^II cofactors has been a long-standing puzzle due to the weaker binding affinity of Mn^II versus Fe^II. In addition, the heterobimetallic selectivity of RNRIc and R2lox has yet to be reproduced with coordination complexes, leading to the hypothesis that RNRIc and R2lox overcome the thermodynamic preference for coordination of Fe^II over Mn^II with their carefully constructed three-dimensional protein structures. Herein, we report the selective formation of a heterobimetallic Mn^IIFe^II complex accomplished in the absence of a protein scaffold. Treatment of the ligand Py₄DMcT (L) with equimolar amounts of Fe^II and Mn^II along with two equivalents of acetate (OAc) affords [LMn^IIFe^II (OAc)₂(OTf)]⁺ (Mn^IIFe^II) in 80% yield, while the diiron complex [LFe^IIFe^II(OAc)₂(OTf)]⁺ (Fe^IIFe^II) is produced in only 8% yield. The formation of Mn^IIFe^II is favored regardless of the order of addition of Fe^II and Mn^II sources. X-ray diffraction (XRD) of single crystals of Mn^IIFe^II reveals an unsymmetrically coordinated carboxylate ligand─a primary coordination sphere feature shared by both RNRIc and R2lox that differentiates the two metal binding sites. Anomalous XRD studies confirm that Mn^IIFe^II exhibits the same site selectivity as R2lox and RNRIc, with the Fe^II (d⁶) center preferentially occupying the distorted octahedral site. We conclude that the successful assembly of Mn^IIFe^II originates from (1) Fe-deficient conditions, (2) site differentiation, and (3) the inability of ligand L to house a dimanganese complex.

Transition metal-substituted Keggin polyoxotungstates enabling covalent attachment to proteinase K upon co-crystallization

POM-protein interaction: a series of 3d metal-substituted Keggin polyoxotungstates was co-crystallized with proteinase K, resulting in covalent bonds to aspartate protein side-chains as a desirable feature of these novel crystallization additives.

(19)F NMR study of ligand dynamics in carboxylate-bridged diiron(II) complexes supported by a macrocyclic ligand

A series of asymmetrically carboxylate-bridged diiron(ii) complexes featuring fluorine atoms as NMR spectroscopic probes, [Fe2(PIM)(Ar(4F-Ph)CO2)2] (10), [Fe2(F2PIM)(Ar(Tol)CO2)2] (11), and [Fe2(F2PIM)(Ar(4F-Ph)CO2)2] (12), were prepared and characterized by X-ray crystallography, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and VT (19)F NMR spectroscopy. These complexes are part of a rare family of syn N-donor diiron(ii) compounds, [Fe2(X2PIM)(RCO2)2], that are structurally very similar to the active site of the hydroxylase enzyme component of reduced methane monooxygenase (MMOHred). Solution characterization of these complexes demonstrates that they undergo intramolecular carboxylate rearrangements, or carboxylate shifts, a dynamic feature relevant to the reactivity of the diiron centers in bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases.

Guest dependent reversible single-crystal to single-crystal structural transformation in a flexible Gd(iii)-coordination polymer

We describe a 3D flexible Gd(iii)-coordination polymer, constructed from a linear carboxylate ligand, which shows reversible single-crystal to single-crystal “guest-responsive fitting” of the channels and carboxylate shift process, upon inclusion of aldehyde guests.