1
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Pawlȩdzio S, Malinska M, Kleemiss F, Grabowsky S, Woźniak K. Aurophilic Interactions Studied by Quantum Crystallography. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:4235-4239. [PMID: 35230099 PMCID: PMC8924918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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This is the first
use of a wave-function-based crystallographic
method to characterize aurophilic interactions from X-ray diffraction
data. Theoretical calculations previously suggested the importance
of electron correlation and dispersion forces, but no influence of
relativistic corrections to the Au...Au interaction energy was found.
In this study, we confirm the importance of relativistic corrections
in the characterization of aurophilic interactions in addition to
electron correlation and dispersion. Hirshfeld
atom refinement was used to characterize aurophilic
interactions from X-ray diffraction data. An intermediate closed-shell
type of aurophilic interaction with some features of covalency was
identified when both electron correlation and relativistic corrections
were applied. Relativistic correction changes the electron density
distribution more than electron correlation. Relativistic effects
strongly dominate the metal core region also in the direction of the
noncovalent interactions and all of the valence and bonding regions
with regard to the Au···Au interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Pawlȩdzio
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Maura Malinska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Florian Kleemiss
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.,Faculty for Chemistry und Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Simon Grabowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Krzysztof Woźniak
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
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2
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Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG. Excimer and Exciplex Formation in Gold(I) Complexes Preconditioned by Aurophilic Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:14748-14771. [PMID: 32022383 PMCID: PMC7496071 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Excimers and exciplexes are defined as assemblies of atoms or molecules A/A' where interatomic/intermolecular bonding appears only in excited states such as [A2 ]* (for excimers) and [AA']* (for exciplexes). Their formation has become widely known because of their role in gas-phase laser technologies, but their significance in general chemistry terms has been given little attention. Recent investigations in gold chemistry have opened up a new field of excimer and exciplex chemistry that relies largely on the preorganization of gold(I) compounds (electronic configuration AuI (5d10 )) through aurophilic contacts. In the corresponding excimers, a new type of Au⋅⋅⋅Au bonding arises, with bond energies and lengths approaching those of ground-state Au-Au bonds between metal atoms in the Au0 (5d10 6s1 ) and AuII (5d9 ) configurations. Excimer formation gives rise to a broad range of photophysical effects, for which some of the relaxation dynamics have recently been clarified. Excimers have also been shown to play an important role in photoredox binuclear gold catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department ChemieTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstr. 485747GarchingGermany
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer ScienceUniversity of StellenboschPrivate Bag X1Matieland7602South Africa
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3
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Portugués A, González L, Bautista D, Gil‐Rubio J. Gold Complexes with Difunctional Perfluoroalkyl Chains: Quantifying the Energy of Aurophilic Interactions in Flexible Open‐Chain Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Portugués
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Lydia González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | | | - Juan Gil‐Rubio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
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4
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Portugués A, González L, Bautista D, Gil‐Rubio J. Gold Complexes with Difunctional Perfluoroalkyl Chains: Quantifying the Energy of Aurophilic Interactions in Flexible Open‐Chain Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15220-15225. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Portugués
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Lydia González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
| | | | - Juan Gil‐Rubio
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica Facultad de Química Universidad de Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30100 Murcia Spain
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5
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Schmidbaur H, Raubenheimer HG. Excimer‐ und Exciplex‐Bildung in durch aurophile Wechselwirkungen präkonditionierten Gold(I)‐ Komplexen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201916255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Schmidbaur
- Department Chemie Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 85747 Garching Deutschland
| | - Helgard G. Raubenheimer
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science University of Stellenbosch Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Südafrika
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6
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A. C. A. Bayrakdar T, Scattolin T, Ma X, Nolan SP. Dinuclear gold(i) complexes: from bonding to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:7044-7100. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00438c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The last two decades have seen a veritable explosion in the use of gold(i) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and phosphine (PR3) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Scattolin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Xinyuan Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
| | - Steven P. Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry
- Ghent University
- Ghent
- Belgium
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7
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Svahn N, Moro AJ, Roma-Rodrigues C, Puttreddy R, Rissanen K, Baptista PV, Fernandes AR, Lima JC, Rodríguez L. The Important Role of the Nuclearity, Rigidity, and Solubility of Phosphane Ligands in the Biological Activity of Gold(I) Complexes. Chemistry 2018; 24:14654-14667. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Svahn
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Artur J. Moro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Monte de Caparica Portugal
| | - Catarina Roma-Rodrigues
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Rakesh Puttreddy
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, Nanoscience Center; University of Jyvaskyla; P.O. Box 35 40014 Jyväskylä Finland
| | - Pedro V. Baptista
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - Alexandra R. Fernandes
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Campus de Caparica 2829-516 Caparica Portugal
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, CQFB; Universidade Nova de Lisboa; Monte de Caparica Portugal
| | - Laura Rodríguez
- Departament de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Inorgànica; Universitat de Barcelona; Martí i Franquès 1-11 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (IN2UB); Universitat de Barcelona; 08028 Barcelona Spain
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8
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Braese J, Schinabeck A, Bodensteiner M, Yersin H, Timoshkin AY, Scheer M. Gold(I) Complexes Containing Phosphanyl- and Arsanylborane Ligands. Chemistry 2018; 24:10073-10077. [PMID: 29845655 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The structural and photophysical properties of a series of new AuI compounds have been studied. The reactions of AuCl(tht) with the phosphanyl- and arsanylboranes RR' EBH2 NMe3 (E=P, As; R=H, Ph; R'=H, Ph, tBu) afford the complexes [AuCl(RR' EBH2 NMe3 )]. In the solid state, [AuCl(H2 PBH2 NMe3 )]2 (2 a) is a dimer showing unsupported intermolecular aurophilic interactions with short Au⋅⋅⋅Au distances. In contrast, [AuCl(H2 AsBH2 NMe3 )]n (2 b) aggregates to form 1D chains. Organic substituents on the pnictogen atoms lead to discrete molecules in [AuCl(RR' PBH2 NMe3 )] (2 c: R=H, R'=tBu; 2 d: R=R'=Ph). To increase the aurophilicity, the ionic homoleptic complexes [Au(RR' EBH2 NMe3 )2 ][AlCl4 ] (3 a-d) have been synthesized, for which 3 a,b form chains in the solid state and exhibit luminescence. The emissions show a drastic redshift with temperature decrease, correlating with decreasing Au⋅⋅⋅Au distances. DFT calculations provide insight into the bonding situation of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Braese
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, 94053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schinabeck
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Bodensteiner
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, 94053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Yersin
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexey Y Timoshkin
- St. Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskaya nab. 7/9, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Scheer
- Universität Regensburg, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, 94053, Regensburg, Germany
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9
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Jamali S, Abedanzadeh S, Khaledi NK, Samouei H, Hendi Z, Zacchini S, Kia R, Shahsavari HR. A cooperative pathway for water activation using a bimetallic Pt0–CuI system. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:17644-17651. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt03305a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cooperative activation of a water molecule with a bimetallic platinum(0)–copper(i) system results in formation of copper(i) hydroxide and a platinum hydride species. The latter is stable under acidic and neutral conditions but undergoes cyclometalation in the presence of pyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Jamali
- Chemistry Department
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - S. Abedanzadeh
- Chemistry Department
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - N. K. Khaledi
- Chemistry Department
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - H. Samouei
- Department of Chemistry
- Texas A&M University
- College Station
- USA
| | - Z. Hendi
- Chemistry Department
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - S. Zacchini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale “Toso Montanari”
- Università di Bologna
- 4-40136 Bologna
- Italy
| | - R. Kia
- Chemistry Department
- Sharif University of Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
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10
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Pal S, Kathewad N, Pant R, Khan S. Synthesis, Characterization, and Luminescence Studies of Gold(I) Complexes with PNP- and PNB-Based Ligand Systems. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10172-83. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Neha Kathewad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Rakesh Pant
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
| | - Shabana Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pashan, Pune 411 008, India
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11
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Yam VWW, Au VKM, Leung SYL. Light-Emitting Self-Assembled Materials Based on d8 and d10 Transition Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2015; 115:7589-728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1065] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Vonika Ka-Man Au
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sammual Yu-Lut Leung
- Institute of Molecular Functional
Materials (Areas of Excellence Scheme, University Grants Committee
(Hong Kong)) and Department of Chemistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, P. R. China
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12
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Streitberger M, Schmied A, Hey-Hawkins E. Selective formation of gold(I) bis-phospholane macrocycles, polymeric chains, and nanotubes. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:6794-804. [PMID: 24945973 DOI: 10.1021/ic5006055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A series of highly flexible bis-phospholane ligands 3a-g with 5-11 methylene groups in the backbone was synthesized and fully characterized by mass spectrometry and NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P) and IR spectroscopy. Gold bis-phospholane macrocycles containing 16 ([Au2Cl2(μ-3a)2], 4), 20 ([Au2Cl2(μ-3c)2], 5), 24 ([Au2Cl(μ-3e)2]Cl, 6), and 28 ([Au2Cl2(μ-3g)2], 7) atoms in the ring were obtained in one step from [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) and 3a,c,e,g in excellent yield. In addition, three polymers resulting from aurophilic interactions, i.e., zigzag chains in [Au2Cl2(μ-3b)]x (8) and nanotubes in [Au2Cl2(μ-3d)]x (9) and [Au2Cl2(μ-3f)]x (10), with Au···Au distances of 309.41(2), 330.24(6), and 335.82(3) pm, respectively, were obtained. Halide abstraction of 4-7 with AgBF4 led to macrocycles [Au2(μ-3a)2](BF4)2 (11), [Au2(μ-3c)2](BF4)2 (12), [Au2(μ-3e)2](BF4)2 (13), and [Au2(μ-3g)2](BF4)2 (14). In 12, the monomers are connected by strong aurophilic interactions (Au···Au 296.57(1) pm) in the solid state with formation of a polymeric chain. All complexes were fully characterized by NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P) and IR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Streitberger
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Universität Leipzig , Johannisallee 29, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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13
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Sato T, Higuchi M. An alternately introduced heterometallo-supramolecular polymer: synthesis and solid-state emission switching by electrochemical redox. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:5256-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc41176a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Malwitz MA, Lim SH, White-Morris RL, Pham DM, Olmstead MM, Balch AL. Crystallization and interconversions of vapor-sensitive, luminescent polymorphs of [(C6H11NC)2Au(I)](AsF6) and [(C6H11NC)2Au(I)](PF6). J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:10885-93. [PMID: 22506844 DOI: 10.1021/ja302025m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable, vapor-induced transformation of the yellow polymorphs of [(C(6)H(11)NC)(2)Au(I)](AsF(6)) and [(C(6)H(11)NC)(2)Au(I)](PF(6)) into the colorless forms are reported along with related studies of the crystallization of these polymorphs. Although the interconversion of these polymorphs is produced by vapor exposure, molecules of the vapor are not incorporated into the crystals. Thus, our observations may have broad implications regarding the formation and persistence of other crystal polymorphs where issues of stability and reproducibility of formation exist. Crystallographic studies show that the colorless polymorphs, which display blue luminescence, are isostructural and consist of linear chains of gold(I) cations that self-associate through aurophilic interactions. Significantly, the yellow polymorph of [(C(6)H(11)NC)(2)Au(I)](AsF(6)) is not isostructural with the yellow polymorph of [(C(6)H(11)NC)(2)Au(I)](PF(6)). Both yellow polymorphs exhibit green emission and have the gold cations arranged into somewhat bent chains with significantly closer Au···Au separations than are seen in the colorless counterparts. Luminescence differences in these polymorphs clearly enhance the ability to detect and monitor their phase stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Malwitz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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15
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Ni QL, Jiang XF, Huang TH, Wang XJ, Gui LC, Yang KG. Gold(I) Chloride Complexes of Polyphosphine Ligands with Electron-Rich Arene Spacer: Gold–Arene Interactions. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om201276w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ling Ni
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting-Hong Huang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu-Cheng Gui
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Guo Yang
- Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
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