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Amadi CK, Karimpour T, Jafari M, Peng Z, Van Gerven D, Brune V, Hartl F, Siaj M, Mathur S. Synthesis and theoretical study of a mixed-ligand indium(III) complex for fabrication of β-In 2S 3 thin films via chemical vapor deposition. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9874-9886. [PMID: 38805202 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00394b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Two new heteroleptic indium aminothiolate compounds [InClSC2H4N(Me)SC2H4]3[1] and [InSC2H4N(Me)SC2H4(C8H5F3NO)] [2] were synthesized by in situ salt metathesis reaction involving indium trichloride, aminothiol, and N,O-β-heteroarylalkenol ligands. The complexes were subsequently purified and thoroughly characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, elemental studies, mass spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction single crystal analysis that showed a trigonal bipyramidal coordination of In(III) in both complexes. Thermogravimetric analysis of [1] revealed a multistep decomposition pathway and the formation of In2S3 at 350 °C, which differed from the pattern of [2] due to the lower thermal stability of [1]. Compound [2] exhibited a three-step decomposition process, resulting in the formation of In2S3 at 300 °C. The Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) experiment involving compound [2] was conducted on the FTO substrate, resulting in the production of singular-phase In2S3 deposits. A comprehensive characterization of these deposits, including crystal structure analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), and surface topography examination through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been completed. The presence of In-S units was also supported by the Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) of the as-deposited films. Moreover, the electronic structure and thermal properties of compound [2] were investigated through DFT calculations. Electron density localization analysis revealed that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) exhibited dense concentration at the aminothiolate moiety of the complex, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) predominantly resided at the N,O-β-heteroarylalkenolate ligand. Furthermore, our computational investigation has validated the formation of indium sulfide by elucidating an intermediate state, effectively identified through EI-MS analysis, as one of the plausible pathways for obtaining In2S3. This intermediate state comprises the aminothiolate ligand (LNS) coordinated with indium metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Kingsley Amadi
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Touraj Karimpour
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Maziar Jafari
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Zhiyuan Peng
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - David Van Gerven
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Veronika Brune
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Fabian Hartl
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Siaj
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montréal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- University of Cologne, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Greinstr. 6, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
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Chivers T, Thirumoorthi R. s-Block metal complexes of PC(H)P-bridged chalcogen-centred methanides: comparisons with isoelectronic PNP-bridged monoanions. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:12493-12505. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04791f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Perspective compares the chemistries of s-block metal complexes of isoelectronic PC(H)P- and PNP-bridged, chalcogen-centred monoanions with a focus on the unique behavior of the C(H)-bridged systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Calgary
- Calgary
- Canada, T2N 1N4
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Thirumoorthi R, Chivers T, Häggman S, Mansikkamäki A, Morgan IS, Tuononen HM, Lahtinen M, Konu J. Synthesis of a labile sulfur-centred ligand, [S(H)C(PPh2S)2](-): structural diversity in lithium(i), zinc(ii) and nickel(ii) complexes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:12691-701. [PMID: 27453403 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02565j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A high-yield synthesis of [Li{S(H)C(PPh2S)2}]2 [Li2·(3)2] was developed and this reagent was used in metathesis with ZnCl2 and NiCl2 to produce homoleptic complexes 4 and 5b in 85 and 93% yields, respectively. The solid-state structure of the octahedral complex [Zn{S(H)C(PPh2S)2}2] (4) reveals notable inequivalence between the Zn-S(C) and Zn-S(P) contacts (2.274(1) Å vs. 2.842(1) and 2.884(1) Å, respectively). Two structural isomers of the homoleptic complex [Ni{S(H)C(PPh2S)2}2] were isolated after prolonged crystallization processes. The octahedral green Ni(ii) isomer 5a exhibits the two monoprotonated ligands bonded in a tridentate (S,S',S'') mode to the Ni(ii) centre with three distinctly different Ni-S bond lengths (2.3487(8), 2.4500(9) and 2.5953(10) Å). By contrast, in the red-brown square-planar complex 5b the two ligands are S,S'-chelated to Ni(ii) (d(Ni-S) = 2.165(2) and 2.195(2) Å) with one pendant PPh2S group. DFT calculations revealed that the energetic difference between singlet and triplet state octahedral and square-planar isomers of the Ni(ii) complex is essentially indistinguishable. Consistently, VT and (31)P CP/MAS NMR spectroscopic investigations indicated that a mixture of isomers exists in solution at room temperature, while the singlet state square-planar isomer 5b becomes favoured at -40 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Susanna Häggman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Akseli Mansikkamäki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Ian S Morgan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Heikki M Tuononen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Manu Lahtinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Jari Konu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, Jyväskylä, FI-40014, Finland.
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Thirumoorthi R, Chivers T. Potassium and Magnesium Complexes of the (Iminophosphoranyl)(selenophosphoranyl)methanide Ligand [CH(PPh
2
Se)(PPh
2
NSiMe
3
)]
–. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Thirumoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, http://ucalgary.ca/chem/
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada, http://ucalgary.ca/chem/
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Thirumoorthi R, Chivers T. Octahedral Tin(IV) Complexes of the Chalcogen-Centered Ligands [EC(PPh2S)2]2-(E= S, Se). Z Anorg Allg Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201300505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Thirumoorthi R, Chivers T. Alkali Metal, Magnesium, and Zinc Complexes of Bis(chalcogenophosphinoyl)methanide Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Thirumoorthi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, Fax: +1‐403‐289‐9488
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4, Fax: +1‐403‐289‐9488
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Thirumoorthi R, Chivers T, Vargas-Baca I. Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Tellurium(IV) Methanediides and Their Insertion Products with Sulfur and Iodine. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om200925k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Thirumoorthi
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500
University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - Tristram Chivers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500
University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
| | - Ignacio Vargas-Baca
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500
University Drive N.W., Calgary, AB, Canada, T2N 1N4, and Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4M1
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Chivers T, Konu J, Thirumoorthi R. PCP-bridged chalcogen-centred anions: coordination chemistry and carbon-based reactivity. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:4283-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt12361d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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