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Sun X, Hu J, Yan X, Li T, Chang Y, Qu H, Pang W, Duan X. On-Chip Monolithic Integrated Multimode Carbon Nanotube Sensor for a Gas Chromatography Detector. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3049-3056. [PMID: 36227068 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotube (CNT)-based chemiresistors are promising gas detectors for gas chromatography (GC) due to their intrinsic nanoscale porosity and excellent electrical conductivity. However, fabrication reproducibility, long desorption time, limited sensitivity, and low dynamic range limit their usage in real applications. This paper reports a novel on-chip monolithic integrated multimode CNT sensor, where a micro-electro-mechanical system-based bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator is embedded underneath a CNT chemiresistor. The device fabrication repeatability was improved by on-site monitoring of CNT deposition using BAW. We found that the acoustic stimulation can accelerate the gas desorption rate from the CNT surface, which solves the slow desorption issue. Due to the different sensing mechanisms, the multimode CNT sensor provides complementary responses to targets with improved sensitivity and dynamic range compared to a single mode detector. A prototype of a chromatographic system using the multimode CNT sensor was prepared by dedicated design of the connection between the device and the separation column. Such a GC system is used for the quantitative identification of a gas mixture at different GC conditions, which proves the feasibility of the multimode CNT detector for chromatographic analysis. The as-developed CMOS compatible multimode CNT sensor offers high sensing performance, miniaturized size, and low power consumption, which are critical for developing portable GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyou Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Jizhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Tiechuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Ye Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Hemi Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Wei Pang
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xuexin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
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Evans GP, Buckley DJ, Skipper NT, Parkin IP. Switchable changes in the conductance of single-walled carbon nanotube networks on exposure to water vapour. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11279-11287. [PMID: 28758671 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02141k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have discovered that wrapping single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with ionic surfactants induces a switch in the conductance-humidity behaviour of SWCNT networks. Residual cationic vs. anionic surfactant induces a respective increase or decrease in the measured conductance across the SWCNT networks when exposed to water vapour. The magnitude of this effect was found to be dependent on the thickness of the deposited SWCNT films. Previously, chemical sensors, field effect transistors (FETs) and transparent conductive films (TCFs) have been fabricated from aqueous dispersions of surfactant functionalised SWCNTs. The results reported here confirm that the electrical properties of such components, based on randomly orientated SWCNT networks, can be significantly altered by the presence of surfactant in the SWCNT layer. A mechanism for the observed behaviour is proposed based on electrical measurements, Raman and UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. Additionally, the potential for manipulating the sensitivity of the surfactant functionalised SWCNTs to water vapour for atmospheric humidity sensing was evaluated. The study also presents a simple method to establish the effectiveness of surfactant removal techniques, and highlights the importance of characterising the electrical properties of SWCNT-based devices in both dry and humid operating environments for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwyn P Evans
- Department of Security and Crime Science, University College London, 35 Tavistock Sq., London, WC1H 9EZ, UK and Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - David J Buckley
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Neal T Skipper
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK and London Centre for Nanotechnology, 17-19 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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Azam MA, Alias FM, Tack LW, Seman RNAR, Taib MFM. Electronic properties and gas adsorption behaviour of pristine, silicon-, and boron-doped (8, 0) single-walled carbon nanotube: A first principles study. J Mol Graph Model 2017; 75:85-93. [PMID: 28531817 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received enormous attention due to their fascinating properties to be used in various applications including electronics, sensing, energy storage and conversion. The first principles calculations within density functional theory (DFT) have been carried out in order to investigate the structural, electronic and optical properties of un-doped and doped CNT nanostructures. O2, CO2, and CH3OH have been chosen as gas molecules to study the adsorption properties based on zigzag (8,0) SWCNTs. The results demonstrate that the adsorption of O2, CO2, and CH3OH gas molecules on pristine, Si-doped and B-doped SWCNTs are either physisorption or chemisorption. Moreover, the electronic properties indicating SWCNT shows significant improvement toward gas adsorption which provides the impact of selecting the best gas sensor materials towards detecting gas molecule. Therefore, these pristine, Si-, and B-doped SWCNTs can be considered to be very good potential candidates for sensing application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Asyadi Azam
- Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia.
| | - Farizul Muiz Alias
- Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Liew Weng Tack
- Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Amalina Raja Seman
- Carbon Research Technology Research Group, Advanced Manufacturing Centre, Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia
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Cesar W, Flourens F, Kaiser C, Sutour C, Angelescu DE. Enhanced Microgas Chromatography Using Correlation Techniques for Continuous Indoor Pollutant Detection. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5620-5. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William Cesar
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM, 2 Boulevard Blaise Pascal 93162 Noisy-le-Grand Cedex, France
- Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR, 14-20
Boulevard Newton 77447 Marne la Vallée Cedex 2, France
| | - Frédéric Flourens
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM, 2 Boulevard Blaise Pascal 93162 Noisy-le-Grand Cedex, France
| | - Claire Kaiser
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais, 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Sutour
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais, 1 Rue Gaston Boissier, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Dan E. Angelescu
- Université Paris-Est, ESIEE-Paris, ESYCOM, 2 Boulevard Blaise Pascal 93162 Noisy-le-Grand Cedex, France
- Fluidion, 231 Rue St.
Honoré, 75001 Paris, France
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Chemical sensing with switchable transport channels in graphene grain boundaries. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4911. [PMID: 25241799 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Grain boundaries can markedly affect the electronic, thermal, mechanical and optical properties of a polycrystalline graphene. While in many applications the presence of grain boundaries in graphene is undesired, here we show that they have an ideal structure for the detection of chemical analytes. We observe that an isolated graphene grain boundary has ~300 times higher sensitivity to the adsorbed gas molecules than a single-crystalline graphene grain. Our electronic structure and transport modelling reveal that the ultra-sensitivity in grain boundaries is caused by a synergetic combination of gas molecules accumulation at the grain boundary, together with the existence of a sharp onset energy in the transmission spectrum of its conduction channels. The discovered sensing platform opens up new pathways for the design of nanometre-scale highly sensitive chemical detectors.
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Kulkarni GS, Reddy K, Zhong Z, Fan X. Graphene nanoelectronic heterodyne sensor for rapid and sensitive vapour detection. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4376. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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