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Yuwono JA, Burr P, Galvin C, Lennon A. Atomistic Insights into Lithium Storage Mechanisms in Anatase, Rutile, and Amorphous TiO 2 Electrodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1791-1806. [PMID: 33393758 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations were used to investigate the phase transformations of LixTiO2 (at 0 ≤ x ≤ 1), solid-state Li+ diffusion, and interfacial charge-transfer reactions in both crystalline and amorphous forms of TiO2. It is shown that in contrast to crystalline TiO2 polymorphs, the energy barrier to Li+ diffusion in amorphous TiO2 decreases with increasing mole fraction of Li+ due to the changes of chemical species pair interactions following the progressive filling of low-energy Li+ trapping sites. Sites with longer Li-Ti and Li-O interactions exhibit lower Li+ insertion energies and higher migration energy barriers. Due to its disordered atomic arrangement and increasing Li+ diffusivity at higher mole fractions, amorphous TiO2 exhibits both surface and bulk storage mechanisms. The results suggest that nanostructuring of crystalline TiO2 can increase both the rate and capacity because the capacity dependence on the bulk storage mechanism is minimized and replaced with the surface storage mechanism. These insights into Li+ storage mechanisms in different forms of TiO2 can guide the fabrication of TiO2 electrodes to maximize the capacity and rate performance in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Yuwono
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Patrick Burr
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Conor Galvin
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alison Lennon
- School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Chatzichristos A, McFadden RML, Dehn MH, Dunsiger SR, Fujimoto D, Karner VL, McKenzie I, Morris GD, Pearson MR, Stachura M, Sugiyama J, Ticknor JO, MacFarlane WA, Kiefl RF. Bi-Arrhenius Diffusion and Surface Trapping of ^{8}Li^{+} in Rutile TiO_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:095901. [PMID: 31524467 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.095901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report measurements of the diffusion rate of isolated ion-implanted ^{8}Li^{+} within ∼120 nm of the surface of oriented single-crystal rutile TiO_{2} using a radiotracer technique. The α particles from the ^{8}Li decay provide a sensitive monitor of the distance from the surface and how the depth profile of ^{8}Li evolves with time. The main findings are that the implanted Li^{+} diffuses and traps at the (001) surface. The T dependence of the diffusivity is described by a bi-Arrhenius expression with activation energies of 0.3341(21) eV above 200 K, whereas at lower temperatures it has a much smaller barrier of 0.0313(15) eV. We consider possible origins for the surface trapping, as well the nature of the low-T barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chatzichristos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R M L McFadden
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - M H Dehn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S R Dunsiger
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - D Fujimoto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - V L Karner
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - I McKenzie
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - G D Morris
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M R Pearson
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Stachura
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Sugiyama
- Toyota Central Research and Development Laboratories, Inc., Nagakute, Aichi 480-1192, Japan
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
- CROSS Neutron Science and Technology Center, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - J O Ticknor
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - W A MacFarlane
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R F Kiefl
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
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Jo MS, Park GD, Kang YC, Cho JS. Design and synthesis of interconnected hierarchically porous anatase titanium dioxide nanofibers as high-rate and long-cycle-life anodes for lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13539-13547. [PMID: 29974112 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01666f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We suggest an efficient and simple synthetic strategy to prepare interconnected hierarchically porous anatase TiO2 (IHP-A-TiO2) nanofibers by two synergetic effects: phase separation between polymers and relative humidity control during electrospinning. The macro channels formed by polystyrene decomposition were interconnected by numerous mesopores that were formed by evaporation of infiltrated water vapor in the structure. The resulting IHP-A-TiO2 nanofibers showed better Li+ ion storage performances than the TiO2 materials reported in the literature. The discharge capacity of IHP-A-TiO2 nanofibers for the 3000th cycle at 1.0 A g-1 and corresponding coulombic efficiency from the 20th cycle onward were 142 mA h g-1 and >99.0%, respectively. Well-interconnected, ultrafine TiO2 nanocrystals within the nanofiber showed structural stability during cycling and facilitated facile charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Su Jo
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea.
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Park S, Yoo YG, Nam I, Bae S, Park J, Han JW, Yi J. Insights into the Li Diffusion Dynamics and Nanostructuring of H2Ti12O25 To Enhance Its Li Storage Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:12186-12193. [PMID: 27135549 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dodecatitanate H2Ti12O25 crystal has a condensed layered structure and exhibits noteworthy Li storage performance that makes it an anode material with great potential for use in Li-ion batteries. However, an unknown Li diffusion mechanism and a sluggish level of Li dynamics through elongated diffusion paths inside this crystal has impeded any forward development in resolving its limited rate capability and cyclic stability. In this study, we investigated the Li diffusion dynamics inside the H2Ti12O25 crystal that play an essential role in Li storage performance. A study of density functional theory combined with experimental evaluation confirmed a strong dependence of Li storage performance on its diffusion. In addition, a nanostructured H2Ti12O25 containing a bundle of nanorods is developed via the introduction of a kinetic gap during the structural transformation, which conferred a significantly shortened diffusion time/length for Li in H2Ti12O25. The nanostructured H2Ti12O25 has high specific capacity (∼230 mAh g(-1)) and exhibits enhanced cyclic stability and rate capability compared with conventional bulky H2Ti12O25. The H2Ti12O25 proposed in this study has high potential for use as an anode material with excellent safety and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soomin Park
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Geun Yoo
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Inho Nam
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Bae
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseok Park
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Seoul , Seoul 130-743, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongheop Yi
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University , Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Baek J, Park S, Song CK, Kim TY, Nam I, Lee JM, Han JW, Yi J. Radial alignment of c-channel nanorods in 3D porous TiO2 for eliciting enhanced Li storage performance. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:15019-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc04864h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by anisotropic Li mobility inside a rutile crystal, the c-channel specialized nanorods are radially assembled to form a 3D dendritic TiO2 sphere, which facilitate Li movement during the charge/discharge process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayeon Baek
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
| | - Soomin Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
| | - Chyan Kyung Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
| | - Tae Yong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
| | - Inho Nam
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
| | - Jong Min Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Woo Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Seoul
- Seoul 130-743
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jongheop Yi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Seoul National University
- Seoul 151-742
- Republic of Korea
- World Class University (WCU) Program of Chemical Convergence for Energy & Environment (C2E2)
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Yildirim H, Greeley JP, Sankaranarayanan SKRS. localized order-disorder transitions induced by Li segregation in amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:18962-18970. [PMID: 25303039 DOI: 10.1021/am5048398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Li segregation and transport characteristics in amorphous TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. A strong intraparticle segregation of Li is observed, and the degree of segregation is found to correlate with Li concentration. With increasing Li concentration, Li diffusivity and segregation are enhanced, and this behavior is tied to the structural response of the NPs with increasing lithiation. The atoms in the amorphous NPs undergo rearrangement in the regions of high Li concentration, introducing new pathways for Li transport and segregation. These localized atomic rearrangements, in turn, induce preferential crystallization near the surfaces of the NPs. Such rich, dynamical responses are not expected for crystalline NPs, where the presence of well-defined lattice sites leads to limited segregation and transport at high Li concentrations. The preferential crystallization in the near-surface region in amorphous NPs may offer enhanced stability and fast Li transport for Li-ion battery applications, in addition to having potentially useful properties for other materials science applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Yildirim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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