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Ok S, Vayer M, Sinturel C. A decade of innovation and progress in understanding the morphology and structure of heterogeneous polymers in rigid confinement. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:7430-7458. [PMID: 34341814 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00522g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When confined in nanoscale domains, polymers generally encounter changes in their structural, thermodynamics and dynamics properties compared to those in the bulk, due to the high amount of polymer/wall interfaces and limited amount of matter. The present review specifically deals with the confinement of heterogeneous polymers (i.e. polymer blends and block copolymers) in rigid nanoscale domains (i.e. bearing non-deformable solid walls) where the processes of phase separation and self-assembly can be deeply affected. This review focuses on the innovative contributions of the last decade (2010-2020), giving a summary of the new insights and understanding gained in this period. We conclude this review by giving our view on the most thriving directions for this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim Ok
- Petroleum Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait.
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Abstract
Nature makes use of tubular structures for the spatial separation of matter on many different length scales, ranging from the nanometer scale (selective channels based on folded proteins) up to the centimeter scale (blood vessels). Today, polymer chemists and engineers can prepare polymeric tubular structures via a variety of different methods also covering many lengthscales, from nanometers to meters. The synthetic approaches described in this chapter vary significantly from the folding of single polymer chains via the self-assembly of DNA fragments to coordinative metal-organic nanotubes to tubes engineerd from bulk polymers using a range of porous or fibrous templates. While all examples reported in this chapter form tubular structures and thereby mimic their naturally occuring counterparts, it is mainly the engineered tubes that are more straightforward to prepare that also show some bio-inspired function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Doninelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Michael Badoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
| | - Andreas F. M. Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg Chemin du Musée 9 CH-1700 Fribourg Switzerland
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Pérez-Page M, Yu E, Li J, Rahman M, Dryden DM, Vidu R, Stroeve P. Template-based syntheses for shape controlled nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 234:51-79. [PMID: 27154387 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A variety of nanostructured materials are produced through template-based synthesis methods, including zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional structures. These span different forms such as nanoparticles, nanowires, nanotubes, nanoflakes, and nanosheets. Many physical characteristics of these materials such as the shape and size can be finely controlled through template selection and as a result, their properties as well. Reviewed here are several examples of these nanomaterials, with emphasis specifically on the templates and synthesis routes used to produce the final nanostructures. In the first section, the templates have been discussed while in the second section, their corresponding synthesis methods have been briefly reviewed, and lastly in the third section, applications of the materials themselves are highlighted. Some examples of the templates frequently encountered are organic structure directing agents, surfactants, polymers, carbon frameworks, colloidal sol-gels, inorganic frameworks, and nanoporous membranes. Synthesis methods that adopt these templates include emulsion-based routes and template-filling approaches, such as self-assembly, electrodeposition, electroless deposition, vapor deposition, and other methods including layer-by-layer and lithography. Template-based synthesized nanomaterials are frequently encountered in select fields such as solar energy, thermoelectric materials, catalysis, biomedical applications, and magnetowetting of surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pérez-Page
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Erick Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Masoud Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Daniel M Dryden
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ruxandra Vidu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Pieter Stroeve
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States.
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Ko HW, Cheng MH, Chi MH, Chang CW, Chen JT. Selective Template Wetting Routes to Hierarchical Polymer Films: Polymer Nanotubes from Phase-Separated Films via Solvent Annealing. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:2110-2116. [PMID: 26831764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b04746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel wetting method to prepare hierarchical polymer films with polymer nanotubes on selective regions. This strategy is based on the selective wetting abilities of polymer chains, annealed in different solvent vapors, into the nanopores of porous templates. Phase-separated films of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), two commonly used polymers, are prepared as a model system. After anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates are placed on the films, the samples are annealed in vapors of acetic acid, in which the PMMA chains are swollen and wet the nanopores of the AAO templates selectively. As a result, hierarchical polymer films containing PMMA nanotubes can be obtained after the AAO templates are removed. The distribution of the PMMA nanotubes of the hierarchical polymer films can also be controlled by changing the compositions of the polymer blends. This work not only presents a novel method to fabricate hierarchical polymer films with polymer nanotubes on selective regions, but also gives a deeper understanding in the selective wetting ability of polymer chains in solvent vapors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Ming-Hsiang Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
| | - Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu, Taiwan 30010
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Ko HW, Chi MH, Chang CW, Su CH, Wei TH, Tsai CC, Peng CH, Chen JT. Fabrication of multicomponent polymer nanostructures containing PMMA shells and encapsulated PS nanospheres in the nanopores of anodic aluminum oxide templates. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:439-46. [PMID: 25619744 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201400662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Multi-component polymer nanomaterials have attracted great attention because of their applications in areas such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, and organic solar cells. The precise control over the morphologies of multi-component polymer nanomaterials, however, is still a great challenge. In this work, the fabrication of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)/poly-styrene (PS) nanostructures that contain PMMA shells and encapsulated PS nanospheres is studied. The nanostructures are prepared using a triple solution wetting method with anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. The nanopores of the templates are wetted sequentially by PS solutions in dimethylformamide (DMF), PMMA solutions in acetic acid, and water. The compositions and morphologies of the nanostructures are controlled by the interactions between the polymers, solvents, and AAO walls. This work not only presents a feasible method to prepare multi-component polymer nanomaterials, but also leads to a better understanding of polymer-solvent interactions in confined geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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Chen JT, Wei TH, Chang CW, Ko HW, Chu CW, Chi MH, Tsai CC. Fabrication of Polymer Nanopeapods in the Nanopores of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Templates Using a Double-Solution Wetting Method. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma500568j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiun-Tai Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Tzu-Hui Wei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Chun-Wei Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Hao-Wen Ko
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Chien-Wei Chu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Mu-Huan Chi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
| | - Chia-Chan Tsai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan 30050
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