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Britel A, Tomagra G, Aprà P, Varzi V, Sturari S, Amine NH, Olivero P, Picollo F. 3D printing in microfluidics: experimental optimization of droplet size and generation time through flow focusing, phase, and geometry variation. RSC Adv 2024; 14:7770-7778. [PMID: 38444974 PMCID: PMC10913413 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidics systems have become widely used in recent years thanks to their advantages, varying from the possibility of handling small fluid volumes to directly synthesizing and encapsulating various living forms for biological-related applications. The effectiveness of such systems mainly depends on the ability to control some of these systems' parameters, such as produced droplet size and formation time, which represents a challenging task. This work reports an experimental study on tuning droplet size and generation time in a flow-focusing geometry fabricated with stereolithography 3D printing by exploring the interplay of phase and geometrical parameters. We produced droplets at different low flow rates of continuous and dispersed phases to assess the effect of each of these phases on the droplets' size and formation time. We observed that smaller droplets were produced for high viscosity oil and water phase, along with high flow rates. In addition, changing the microfluidics channels' width, and morphology of the orifice has shown a similar effect on droplet size, as shown in the case of high-viscosity solutions. The variation of the bifurcation angle shows a noticeable variation in terms of the achieved droplet size and formation time. We further investigated the impact of modifying the width ratio of the continuous and dispersed phases on droplet formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Britel
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Giulia Tomagra
- Department of Drug and Science Technology, NIS Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino Corso Raffaello 30 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Pietro Aprà
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Veronica Varzi
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Sofia Sturari
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Nour-Hanne Amine
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Paolo Olivero
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
| | - Federico Picollo
- Department of Physics, "NIS" Inter-departmental Centre, University of Torino, National Institute of Nuclear Physics Sect. Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1 10125 Torino Italy
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2
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Islam MA, Park SY. Optimizing Optical Dielectrophoretic (ODEP) Performance: Position- and Size-Dependent Droplet Manipulation in an Open-Chamber Oil Medium. MICROMACHINES 2024; 15:119. [PMID: 38258238 PMCID: PMC10818536 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
An optimization study is presented to enhance optical dielectrophoretic (ODEP) performance for effective manipulation of an oil-immersed droplet in the floating electrode optoelectronic tweezers (FEOET) device. This study focuses on understanding how the droplet's position and size, relative to light illumination, affect the maximum ODEP force. Numerical simulations identified the characteristic length (Lc) of the electric field as a pivotal factor, representing the location of peak field strength. Utilizing 3D finite element simulations, the ODEP force is calculated through the Maxwell stress tensor by integrating the electric field strength over the droplet's surface and then analyzed as a function of the droplet's position and size normalized to Lc. Our findings reveal that the optimal position is xopt= Lc+ r, (with r being the droplet radius), while the optimal droplet size is ropt = 5Lc, maximizing light-induced field perturbation around the droplet. Experimental validations involving the tracking of droplet dynamics corroborated these findings. Especially, a droplet sized at r = 5Lc demonstrated the greatest optical actuation by performing the longest travel distance of 13.5 mm with its highest moving speed of 6.15 mm/s, when it was initially positioned at x0= Lc+ r = 6Lc from the light's center. These results align well with our simulations, confirming the criticality of both the position (xopt) and size (ropt) for maximizing ODEP force. This study not only provides a deeper understanding of the position- and size-dependent parameters for effective droplet manipulation in FEOET systems, but also advances the development of low-cost, disposable, lab-on-a-chip (LOC) devices for multiplexed biological and biochemical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung-Yong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182-1323, USA
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3
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Sulfur liquid marbles submerged in biphasic systems as microreactors for interfacial synthesis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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4
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An asymmetric flow-focusing droplet generator promotes rapid mixing of reagents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8797. [PMID: 33888801 PMCID: PMC8062447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays droplet microfluidics is widely used to perform high throughput assays and for the synthesis of micro- and nanoparticles. These applications usually require packaging several reagents into droplets and their mixing to start a biochemical reaction. For rapid mixing microfluidic devices usually require additional functional elements that make their designs more complex. Here we perform a series of 2D numerical simulations, followed by experimental studies, and introduce a novel asymmetric flow-focusing droplet generator, which enhances mixing during droplet formation due to a 2D or 3D asymmetric vortex, located in the droplet formation area of the microfluidic device. Our results suggest that 2D numerical simulations can be used for qualitative analysis of two-phase flows and droplet generation process in quasi-two-dimensional devices, while the relative simplicity of such simulations allows them to be easily applied to fairly complicated microfluidic geometries. Mixing inside droplets formed in the asymmetric generator occurs up to six times faster than in a conventional symmetric one. The best mixing efficiency is achieved in a specific range of droplet volumes, which can be changed by scaling the geometry of the device. Thus, the droplet generator suggested here can significantly simplify designs of microfluidic devices because it enables both the droplet formation and fast mixing of the reagents within droplets. Moreover, it can be used to precisely estimate reaction kinetics.
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5
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Dowlati S, Javadi A, Miller R, Bahramian A. Characterization of reactive interfaces via coupled interfacial tension measurements and interphase mass transfer analysis. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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6
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Mori H, Saito A, Nishiyama Y. Ethoxylation of p-Fluoronitrobenzene using phase-transfer catalysts under microflow conditions. J Flow Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41981-019-00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Maity S, Chaudhuri J, Mitra S, Rarotra S, Bandyopadhyay D. Electric field assisted multicomponent reaction in a microfluidic reactor for superior conversion and yield. Electrophoresis 2018; 40:401-409. [PMID: 30511476 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We explore the improvements in yield and conversion of a chemical reaction inside a two-phase microfluidic reactor when subjected to an externally applied alternating current (AC) electric field. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) framework has been developed to incorporate the descriptions of the two-phase flow, multicomponent transport and reaction, and the Maxwell's stresses generated at oil-water interface owing to the presence of the externally applied electric field. The CFD model ensures that the reactants are flown into a microchannel together with the oil and water phases before the reaction takes place at the interface and products diffuse back to the bulk phases. The study unveils that the variation in the intensity of the AC field helps in converting a two-phase stratified flow into an oil-in-water microemulsion composed of oil slugs, plugs, or droplets. Importantly, the results also suggest that harnessing the vortices inside or outside these flow patterns helps in the improvement in mass transfer across the interface, which can be employed to improve the yield and conversion of a reaction. We have shown an example case of a pseudo-first order reaction for which the variation in frequency and intensity of AC field is found to form higher surface-to-volume-ratio flow patterns having a higher throughput. The convective recirculation in and around these miniaturized flow morphologies increase the rate of mass transfer, mixing of reactant and products, conversion of reactant, and yield of products. The results reported can be of significance in the design and development of future advanced-flow rector technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surjendu Maity
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Joydip Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Shirsendu Mitra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Saptak Rarotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Dipankar Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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8
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Costa ALR, Gomes A, Andrade CCPD, Cunha RL. Emulsifier functionality and process engineering: Progress and challenges. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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9
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Beulig RJ, Warias R, Heiland JJ, Ohla S, Zeitler K, Belder D. A droplet-chip/mass spectrometry approach to study organic synthesis at nanoliter scale. LAB ON A CHIP 2017; 17:1996-2002. [PMID: 28513728 DOI: 10.1039/c7lc00313g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A droplet-based microfluidic device with seamless hyphenation to electrospray mass spectrometry was developed to rapidly investigate organic reactions in segmented flow providing a versatile tool for drug development. A chip-MS interface with an integrated counterelectrode allowed for a flexible positioning of the chip-emitter in front of the MS orifice as well as an independent adjustment of the electrospray potentials. This was necessary to avoid contamination of the mass spectrometer as well as sample overloading due to the high analyte concentrations. The device was exemplarily applied to study the scope of an amino-catalyzed domino reaction with low picomole amount of catalyst in individual nanoliter sized droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Beulig
- Institute for Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, Linnéstraße 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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10
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Abstract
Engineering characteristics of liquid–liquid microflow and its advantages in chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Liantang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Pei Xie
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Tsinghua University
- Beijing 100084
- China
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11
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Schütt J, Ibarlucea B, Illing R, Zörgiebel F, Pregl S, Nozaki D, Weber WM, Mikolajick T, Baraban L, Cuniberti G. Compact Nanowire Sensors Probe Microdroplets. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:4991-5000. [PMID: 27417510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b01707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The conjunction of miniature nanosensors and droplet-based microfluidic systems conceptually opens a new route toward sensitive, optics-less analysis of biochemical processes with high throughput, where a single device can be employed for probing of thousands of independent reactors. Here we combine droplet microfluidics with the compact silicon nanowire based field effect transistor (SiNW FET) for in-flow electrical detection of aqueous droplets one by one. We chemically probe the content of numerous (∼10(4)) droplets as independent events and resolve the pH values and ionic strengths of the encapsulated solution, resulting in a change of the source-drain current ISD through the nanowires. Further, we discuss the specificities of emulsion sensing using ion sensitive FETs and study the effect of droplet sizes with respect to the sensor area, as well as its role on the ability to sense the interior of the aqueous reservoir. Finally, we demonstrate the capability of the novel droplets based nanowire platform for bioassay applications and carry out a glucose oxidase (GOx) enzymatic test for glucose detection, providing also the reference readout with an integrated parallel optical detector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schütt
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Bergoi Ibarlucea
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rico Illing
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Zörgiebel
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Pregl
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Daijiro Nozaki
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Walter M Weber
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Namlab GmbH, Nöthnitzerstraße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Mikolajick
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Namlab GmbH, Nöthnitzerstraße 64, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - Larysa Baraban
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianaurelio Cuniberti
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials and Institute for Materials Science, Dresden University of Technology , Budapesterstrasse 27, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
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12
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Microfluidic Devices for Forensic DNA Analysis: A Review. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2016; 6:bios6030041. [PMID: 27527231 PMCID: PMC5039660 DOI: 10.3390/bios6030041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices may offer various advantages for forensic DNA analysis, such as reduced risk of contamination, shorter analysis time and direct application at the crime scene. Microfluidic chip technology has already proven to be functional and effective within medical applications, such as for point-of-care use. In the forensic field, one may expect microfluidic technology to become particularly relevant for the analysis of biological traces containing human DNA. This would require a number of consecutive steps, including sample work up, DNA amplification and detection, as well as secure storage of the sample. This article provides an extensive overview of microfluidic devices for cell lysis, DNA extraction and purification, DNA amplification and detection and analysis techniques for DNA. Topics to be discussed are polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on-chip, digital PCR (dPCR), isothermal amplification on-chip, chip materials, integrated devices and commercially available techniques. A critical overview of the opportunities and challenges of the use of chips is discussed, and developments made in forensic DNA analysis over the past 10–20 years with microfluidic systems are described. Areas in which further research is needed are indicated in a future outlook.
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13
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Rattanarat P, Suea-Ngam A, Ruecha N, Siangproh W, Henry CS, Srisa-Art M, Chailapakul O. Graphene-polyaniline modified electrochemical droplet-based microfluidic sensor for high-throughput determination of 4-aminophenol. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 925:51-60. [PMID: 27188317 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We report herein the first development of graphene-polyaniline modified carbon paste electrode (G-PANI/CPE) coupled with droplet-based microfluidic sensor for high-throughput detection of 4-aminophenol (4-AP) in pharmaceutical paracetamol (PA) formulations. A simple T-junction microfluidic platform using an oil flow rate of 1.8 μL/min and an aqueous flow rate of 0.8 μL/min was used to produce aqueous testing microdroplets continuously. The microchannel was designed to extend the aqueous droplet to cover all 3 electrodes, allowing for electrochemical measurements in a single droplet. Parameters including flow rate, water fraction, and applied detection potential (Edet) were investigated to obtain optimal conditions. Using G-PANI/CPE significantly increased the current response for both cyclic voltammetric detections of ferri/ferrocyanide [Fe(CN)6](3-/4-) (10 times) and 4-AP (2 times), compared to an unmodified electrode. Using the optimized conditions in the droplet system, 4-AP in the presence of PA was selectively determined. The linear range of 4-AP was 50-500 μM (R(2) = 0.99), limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) was 15.68 μM, and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N = 10) was 52.28 μM. Finally, the system was used to determine 4-AP spiked in commercial PA liquid samples and the amounts of 4-AP were found in good agreement with those obtained from the conventional capillary zone electrophoresis/UV-Visible spectrophotometry (CZE/UV-Vis). The proposed microfluidic device could be employed for a high-throughput screening (at least 60 samples h(-1)) of pharmaceutical purity requiring low sample and reagent consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poomrat Rattanarat
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Akkapol Suea-Ngam
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Chromatography and Separation Research Unit (ChSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nipapan Ruecha
- Program in Macromolecular Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Weena Siangproh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
| | - Charles S Henry
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, United States
| | - Monpichar Srisa-Art
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Chromatography and Separation Research Unit (ChSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Orawon Chailapakul
- Electrochemistry and Optical Spectroscopy Research Unit (EOSRU), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; National Center of Excellent of Petroleum, Petrochemicals and Advanced Materials, Chulalongkorn University, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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14
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Wang K, Zhang L, Zhang W, Luo G. Mass-Transfer-Controlled Dynamic Interfacial Tension in Microfluidic Emulsification Processes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:3174-3185. [PMID: 26978599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Varied interfacial tension caused by the unsaturated adsorption of surfactants on dripping droplet surfaces is experimentally studied. The mass transfer and adsorption of surfactants, as well as the generation of fresh interfaces, are considered the main factors dominating the surfactant adsorption ratio on droplet surfaces. The diffusion and convective mass transfer of the surfactants are first distinguished by comparing the adsorption depth and the mass flux boundary layer thickness. A characterized mass transfer time is then calculated by introducing an effective diffusion coefficient. A time ratio is furthermore defined by dividing the droplet generation time by the characteristic mass transfer time, t/tm, in order to compare the rates of surfactant mass transfer and droplet generation. Different control mechanisms for different surfactants are analyzed based on the range of t/t(m), and a criterion time ratio using a simplified characteristic mass transfer time, t(m)*, is finally proposed for predicting the appearance of dynamic interfacial tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guangsheng Luo
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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15
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Piradashvili K, Alexandrino EM, Wurm FR, Landfester K. Reactions and Polymerizations at the Liquid–Liquid Interface. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2141-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Keti Piradashvili
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Frederik R. Wurm
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Katharina Landfester
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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16
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Hydrophilic Surface Modification of PDMS Microchannel for O/W and W/O/W Emulsions. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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17
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Phillips TW, Bannock JH, deMello JC. Microscale extraction and phase separation using a porous capillary. LAB ON A CHIP 2015; 15:2960-2967. [PMID: 26054926 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc00430f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of a porous polytetrafluoroethylene capillary for the inline separation of liquid-liquid segmented flows, based on the selective wetting and permeation of the porous capillary walls by one of the liquids. Insertion of a narrow flow restriction at the capillary outlet allows the back pressure to be tuned for multiple liquid-liquid combinations and flow conditions. In this way, efficient separation of aqueous-organic, aqueous-fluorous and organic-fluorous segmented flows can be readily achieved over a wide range of flow rates. The porous-capillary-separator enables the straightforward regeneration of a continuous flow from a segmented flow, and may be applied to various applications, including inline analysis, biphasic reactions, and purification. As a demonstration of the latter, we performed a simple inline aqueous-organic extraction of the pH indicator 2,6-dichloroindophenol. An aqueous solution of the conjugate base was mixed with hydrochloric acid in continuous flow to protonate the indicator and render it organic-soluble. The indicator was then extracted from the aqueous feed into chloroform using a segmented flow. The two liquids were finally separated inline using a porous PTFE capillary, with the aqueous phase emerging as a continuous stream from the separator outlet. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy showed the concentration of indicator in the outflowing aqueous phase to be less than one percent of its original value, confirming the efficacy of the extraction and separation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas W Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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18
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Li Y, Yan L, Liu Y, Qian K, Liu B, Yang P, Liu B. High-efficiency nano/micro-reactors for protein analysis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra12333f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the recent advances regarding the development of nanomaterial-based nanoreactors and microfluidic droplet reactors and their applications in protein analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Li
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Kun Qian
- Center for Bio-Nano-Chips and Diagnostics in Translational Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Bin Liu
- Center for Bio-Nano-Chips and Diagnostics in Translational Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
| | - Baohong Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433
- China
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Miura S, Banno T, Tonooka T, Osaki T, Takeuchi S, Toyota T. pH-induced motion control of self-propelled oil droplets using a hydrolyzable gemini cationic surfactant. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:7977-7985. [PMID: 24934718 DOI: 10.1021/la5018032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled motion of micrometer-sized substances has drawn much attention as an autonomous transportation system. One candidate vehicle is a chemically driven micrometer-sized oil droplet. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no report of a chemical reaction system controlling the three-dimensional motion of oil droplets underwater. In this study, we developed a molecular system that controlled the self-propelled motion of 4-heptyloxybenzaldehyde oil droplets by using novel gemini cationic surfactants containing carbonate linkages (2G12C). We found that, in emulsions containing sodium hydroxide, the motion time of the self-propelled oil droplets was longer in the presence of 2G12C than in the presence of gemini cationic surfactants without carbonate linkages. Moreover, in 2G12C solution, oil droplets at rest underwent unidirectional, self-propelled motion in a gradient field toward a higher concentration of sodium hydroxide. Even though they stopped within several seconds, they restarted in the same direction. 2G12C was gradually hydrolyzed under basic conditions to produce a pair of the corresponding monomeric surfactants, which exhibit different interfacial properties from 2G12C. The prolonged and restart motion of the oil droplets were explained by the increase in the heterogeneity of the interfacial tension of the oil droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Miura
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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20
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Li XL, Shan S, Xiong M, Xia XH, Xu JJ, Chen HY. On-chip selective capture of cancer cells and ultrasensitive fluorescence detection of survivin mRNA in a single living cell. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:3868-75. [PMID: 23912689 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc50587a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The rapid recognition of cancer cells and detection of tumor biomarker survivin mRNA plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of many cancers. Based on the integration of specific cancer cell capture and intracellular survivin mRNA detection, this work presents a novel and sensitive on-chip approach for the bioanalysis of survivin mRNA in a single living cell. The microchannel surface was firstly modified with a prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) monoclonal antibody as the recognition element for prostate cancer cells (PC-3). As a result of the antigen-antibody specific affinity interactions, PC-3 cells could be selectively captured on the microchannel surface. After cell capture, nano-sized graphene oxide-poly(ethylene glycol) bis(amine) (NGO-PEG) was employed as a quencher and carrier of a signal tag, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled antisense oligonucleotide (F-S1), which is complementary to part of survivin mRNA (target survivin mRNA), to transfect into the captured PC-3 cells. Upon the selective binding of S1 to intracellular survivin mRNA, F-S1 will be released from the NGO-PEG, inducing the fluorescence recovery of FITC. This antibody-based microfluidic device enables simple and inexpensive monitoring of the amount of survivin mRNA in single captured cell without the need for sample pretreatment. The survivin mRNA content in each PC-3 cell was estimated to be (4.8 ± 1.8) × 10(6) copies. This strategy opens a different perspective for ultrasensitive survivin mRNA detection, which may facilitate the early screening for malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R.China.
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21
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Active and Precise Control of Microdroplet Division Using Horizontal Pneumatic Valves in Bifurcating Microchannel. MICROMACHINES 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/mi4020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Guadarrama-Cetina J, González-Viñas W. Breath figures of two immiscible substances on a repellent surface. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:054401. [PMID: 23767660 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.054401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of the competition between different substances while condensing on a cold surface is of high interest in situations in which it is desirable to control their condensation rates and the formed morphologies. We do the experiments for mixtures of water and hexamethyldisiloxane vapors at several concentrations. The dropwise condensation of the vapors forms breath figures on a substrate that is repellant to both substances. We report the average radius of the drops for each specie as a function of time. Also, we pay attention to the evolution of the corresponding morphologies and the appearance of hybrid clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Guadarrama-Cetina
- Department of Physics and Applied Mathematics, University of Navarra, Navarra, Spain
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23
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Cao L, Cheng L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang X, Chen H, Liu B, Zhang S, Kong J. Visual and high-throughput detection of cancer cells using a graphene oxide-based FRET aptasensing microfluidic chip. LAB ON A CHIP 2012; 12:4864-4869. [PMID: 23023186 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40564d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapid and efficient measurement of cancer cells is a major challenge in early cancer diagnosis. In the present study, a miniature multiplex chip was created for in situ detection of cancer cells by implementing a novel graphene oxide (GO)-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor strategy, i.e. assaying the cell-induced fluorescence recovery from the dye-labeled aptamer/graphene oxide complex. Fluorescence intensity measurement and image analyses demonstrated that this microfluidic biosensing method exhibited rapid, selective and sensitive fluorescence responses to the quantities of the target cancer cells, CCRF-CEM cells. Seven different cancer cell samples can be measured at the same time in such a microfluidic chip. The linear response for target CCRF-CEM cells in a concentration range from 2.5 × 10(1) to 2.5 × 10(4) cells mL(-1) was obtained, with a detection limit about 25 cells mL(-1), which is about ten times lower than those of normal biosensors. The novel fluorescence biosensing microfluidic chip supplies a rapid, visible and high-throughput approach for early cancer diagnosis with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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24
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Cao JT, Chen ZX, Hao XY, Zhang PH, Zhu JJ. Quantum Dots-Based Immunofluorescent Microfluidic Chip for the Analysis of Glycan Expression at Single-Cells. Anal Chem 2012; 84:10097-104. [DOI: 10.1021/ac302609y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P.R. China
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25
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Cao JT, Hao XY, Zhu YD, Sun K, Zhu JJ. Microfluidic Platform for the Evaluation of Multi-Glycan Expressions on Living Cells using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and Optical Microscope. Anal Chem 2012; 84:6775-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3013048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tao Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life
Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R.China
| | - Xiao-Yao Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life
Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R.China
| | - Ying-Di Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life
Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R.China
| | - Ken Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life
Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R.China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life
Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R.China
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