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Groeneveld I, Jaspars A, Akca IB, Somsen GW, Ariese F, van Bommel MR. Use of liquid-core waveguides as photochemical reactors and/or for chemical analysis – An overview. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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2
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Koehler P, Lawson T, Neises J, Willkomm J, Martindale BCM, Hutton GAM, Antón-García D, Lage A, Gentleman AS, Frosz MH, Russell PSJ, Reisner E, Euser TG. Optofluidic Photonic Crystal Fiber Microreactors for In Situ Studies of Carbon Nanodot-Driven Photoreduction. Anal Chem 2021; 93:895-901. [PMID: 33315379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Performing quantitative in situ spectroscopic analysis on minuscule sample volumes is a common difficulty in photochemistry. To address this challenge, we use a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) that guides light at the center of a microscale liquid channel and acts as an optofluidic microreactor with a reaction volume of less than 35 nL. The system was used to demonstrate in situ optical detection of photoreduction processes that are key components of many photocatalytic reaction schemes. The photoreduction of viologens (XV2+) to the radical XV•+ in a homogeneous mixture with carbon nanodot (CND) light absorbers is studied for a range of different carbon dots and viologens. Time-resolved absorption spectra, measured over several UV irradiation cycles, are interpreted with a quantitative kinetic model to determine photoreduction and photobleaching rate constants. The powerful combination of time-resolved, low-volume absorption spectroscopy and kinetic modeling highlights the potential of optofluidic microreactors as a highly sensitive, quantitative, and rapid screening platform for novel photocatalysts and flow chemistry in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Koehler
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Takashi Lawson
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Julian Neises
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Janina Willkomm
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin C M Martindale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Georgina A M Hutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Antón-García
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Ava Lage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander S Gentleman
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Michael H Frosz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philip St J Russell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstr. 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Tijmen G Euser
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
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Özbakır Y, Jonáš A, Kiraz A, Erkey C. A new type of microphotoreactor with integrated optofluidic waveguide based on solid-air nanoporous aerogels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180802. [PMID: 30564391 PMCID: PMC6281902 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new type of microphotoreactor based on an optofluidic waveguide with aqueous liquid core fabricated inside a nanoporous aerogel. To this end, we synthesized a hydrophobic silica aerogel monolith with a density of 0.22 g cm-3 and a low refractive index of 1.06 that-from the optical point of view-effectively behaves like solid air. Subsequently, we drilled an L-shaped channel within the monolith that confined both the aqueous core liquid and the guided light, the latter property arising due to total internal reflection of light from the liquid-aerogel interface. We characterized the efficiency of light guiding in liquid-filled channel and-using the light delivered by waveguiding-we carried out photochemical reactions in the channel filled with aqueous solutions of methylene blue dye. We demonstrated that methylene blue could be efficiently degraded in the optofluidic photoreactor, with conversion increasing with increasing power of the incident light. The presented optofluidic microphotoreactor represents a versatile platform employing light guiding concept of conventional optical fibres for performing photochemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaprak Özbakır
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexandr Jonáš
- The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Scientific Instruments, Královopolská 147, 612 64 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alper Kiraz
- Department of Physics, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erkey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Koc University, 34450 Sarıyer, Istanbul, Turkey
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Williams GOS, Euser TG, Russell PSJ, MacRobert AJ, Jones AC. Highly Sensitive Luminescence Detection of Photosensitized Singlet Oxygen within Photonic Crystal Fibers. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gareth O. S. Williams
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black Building; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Staudtstr 2; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- NanoPhotonics Centre Cavendish Laboratory; University of Cambridge; J. J. Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | | | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery & Interventional Science; University College London; Charles Bell House London W1W 7TS UK
| | - Anita C. Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry Joseph Black Building; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH9 3FJ UK
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Ponce S, Munoz M, Cubillas AM, Euser TG, Zhang G, Russell PSJ, Wasserscheid P, Etzold BJM. Stable Immobilization of Size‐Controlled Bimetallic Nanoparticles in Photonic Crystal Fiber Microreactor. CHEM-ING-TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201700131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ponce
- Technische Universität DarmstadtErnst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Macarena Munoz
- University of Erlangen-NurembergFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ana M. Cubillas
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tijmen G. Euser
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
- University of CambridgeNanoPhotonics CentreCavendish Laboratory J. J. Thomson Avenue CB3 0HE Cambridge UK
| | - Gui‐Rong Zhang
- Technische Universität DarmstadtErnst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
| | - Philip St. J. Russell
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light Guenther-Scharowsky-Straße 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- University of Erlangen-NurembergFaculty of EngineeringDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Bastian J. M. Etzold
- Technische Universität DarmstadtErnst-Berl-Institut für Technische und Makromolekulare Chemie Alarich-Weiss-Straße 8 64287 Darmstadt Germany
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McQuitty RJ, Unterkofler S, Euser TG, Russell PSJ, Sadler PJ. Rapid screening of photoactivatable metallodrugs: photonic crystal fibre microflow reactor coupled to ESI mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2017; 7:37340-37348. [PMID: 29308187 PMCID: PMC5735366 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra06735f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We explore the efficacy of a hyphenated photonic crystal fibre microflow reactor – high-resolution mass spectrometer system as a method for screening the activity of potential new photoactivatable drugs.
We explore the efficacy of a hyphenated photonic crystal fibre microflow reactor – high-resolution mass spectrometer system as a method for screening the activity of potential new photoactivatable drugs. The use of light to activate drugs is an area of current development as it offers the possibility of reduced side effects due to improved spatial and temporal targeting and novel mechanisms of anticancer activity. The di-nuclear ruthenium complex [{(η6-indan)RuCl}2(μ-2,3-dpp)](PF6)2, previously studied by Magennis et al. (Inorg. Chem., 2007, 46, 5059) is used as a model drug to compare the system to standard irradiation techniques. The photodecomposition pathways using blue light radiation are the same for PCF and conventional cuvette methods. Reactions in the presence of small biomolecules 5′-guanosine monophosphate (5′-GMP), 5′-adenosine monophosphate (5′-AMP), l-cysteine (l-Cys) and glutathione (γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH) were studied. The complex was found to bind to nucleobases in the dark and this binding increased upon irradiation with 488 nm light, forming the adducts [(η6-indan)Ru2(μ-2,3-dpp) + 5′-GMP]2+ and [(η6-indan)Ru + (5′-AMP)]+. These findings are consistent with studies using conventional methods. The dinuclear complex also binds strongly to GSH after irradiation, a possible explanation for its lack of potency in cell line testing. The use of the PCF-MS system dramatically reduced the sample volume required and reduced the irradiation time by four orders of magnitude from 14 hours to 12 seconds. However, the reduced sample volume also results in a reduced MS signal intensity. The dead time of the combined system is 15 min, limited by the intrinsic dead volume of the HR-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth J McQuitty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV7 4AL, UK.
| | - Sarah Unterkofler
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Tijmen G Euser
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. .,NanoPhotonics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Philip St J Russell
- Max-Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Peter J Sadler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV7 4AL, UK.
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Doherty B, Csáki A, Thiele M, Zeisberger M, Schwuchow A, Kobelke J, Fritzsche W, Schmidt MA. Nanoparticle functionalised small-core suspended-core fibre - a novel platform for efficient sensing. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:790-799. [PMID: 28270985 PMCID: PMC5330581 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.000790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Detecting small quantities of specific target molecules is of major importance within bioanalytics for efficient disease diagnostics. One promising sensing approach relies on combining plasmonically-active waveguides with microfluidics yielding an easy-to-use sensing platform. Here we introduce suspended-core fibres containing immobilised plasmonic nanoparticles surrounding the guiding core as a concept for an entirely integrated optofluidic platform for efficient refractive index sensing. Due to the extremely small optical core and the large adjacent microfluidic channels, over two orders of magnitude of nanoparticle coverage densities have been accessed with millimetre-long sample lengths showing refractive index sensitivities of 170 nm/RIU for aqueous analytes where the fibre interior is functionalised by gold nanospheres. Our concept represents a fully integrated optofluidic sensing system demanding small sample volumes and allowing for real-time analyte monitoring, both of which are highly relevant within invasive bioanalytics, particularly within molecular disease diagnostics and environmental science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Doherty
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Max-Wien-Platz, 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrea Csáki
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Thiele
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Zeisberger
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Anka Schwuchow
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Jens Kobelke
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fritzsche
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus A. Schmidt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich-Schiller-University, Max-Wien-Platz, 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Otto Schott Institute of Material Research, Fraunhoferstr.6, Friedrich-Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Fiber-Based, Injection-Molded Optofluidic Systems: Improvements in Assembly and Applications. MICROMACHINES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/mi6121468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wu C, Tse MLV, Liu Z, Guan BO, Zhang AP, Lu C, Tam HY. In-line microfluidic integration of photonic crystal fibres as a highly sensitive refractometer. Analyst 2014; 139:5422-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an01361a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photonic crystal fibres appear to be an ideal platform for the realisation of novel optofluidic devices and sensors due to their waveguide nature and microstructured architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Wu
- Institute of Photonics Technology
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Ming-Leung Vincent Tse
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyong Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Bai-Ou Guan
- Institute of Photonics Technology
- Jinan University
- Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - A. Ping Zhang
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
| | - Hwa-Yaw Tam
- Department of Electrical Engineering
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
- Hong Kong, China
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Khetani A, Riordon J, Tiwari V, Momenpour A, Godin M, Anis H. Hollow core photonic crystal fiber as a reusable Raman biosensor. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:12340-50. [PMID: 23736452 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.012340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report that a single hollow core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) can be used for repetitive characterization of multiple samples by Raman spectroscopy. This was achieved by integrating the HC-PCF to a differential pressure system that allowed effective filling, draining and re-filling of samples into a HC-PCF under identical optical conditions. Consequently, high-quality and reliable spectral data could be obtained which were suitable for multivariate analysis (partial least squares). With the present scheme, we were able to accurately predict different concentrations of heparin and adenosine in serum. Thus the detection scheme as presented here paves a path for the inclusion of HC-PCFs in point-of-care technologies and environmental monitoring where rapid sample characterization is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altaf Khetani
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Williams GOS, Euser TG, Russell PSJ, Jones AC. Spectrofluorimetry with attomole sensitivity in photonic crystal fibres. Methods Appl Fluoresc 2013; 1:015003. [DOI: 10.1088/2050-6120/1/1/015003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Schmidt M, Cubillas AM, Taccardi N, Euser TG, Cremer T, Maier F, Steinrück HP, Russell PSJ, Wasserscheid P, Etzold BJM. Chemical and (Photo)-Catalytical Transformations in Photonic Crystal Fibers. ChemCatChem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201200676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cubillas AM, Unterkofler S, Euser TG, Etzold BJM, Jones AC, Sadler PJ, Wasserscheid P, Russell PSJ. Photonic crystal fibres for chemical sensing and photochemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:8629-48. [PMID: 23753016 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60128e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Cubillas
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Guenther-Scharowsky-Str. 1/Bldg. 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany.
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