1
|
Synthesis and catalytic activity of single-site group V alkoxide complexes for the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7073-7080. [PMID: 38567482 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00422a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis, characterization, and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) activity of a family of niobium and tantalum alkoxide catalysts was studied. The final catalysts are made in a two-step synthesis, first by reacting the desired homoleptic metal ethoxide with a phenolketoimine ligand to form a series of synthetic intermediates, followed by reaction with catechol to produce a catalytic platform with a single ethoxide initiator. By using two separate ligands, the electronic properties of the catalyst can be tuned, and the molecular weight of the polymer can be increased. It was found that synthetic intermediates adopted a mer geometry both in solution and in the solid state. This mer geometry was retained for the final catechol derivatives, however in one case, where catechol was substituted for 3-methoxycatechol, the molecule adopted a highly distorted fac geometry. Catalytic ROP activity of the synthetic intermediates and final catechol derivatives with ε-caprolactone was studied through a kinetic analysis. In all seven cases studied the reactions proceeded through the expected coordination-insertion mechanism, following pseudo first-order kinetics and increasing in Mn linearly vs. conversion. The single-initiator catechol derivatives increased the Mn by three times compared to that of the three-initiator synthetic intermediates with little decrease in the overall reaction rate. Both the nature of the ligand and metal were found to impact the rate of reaction in these systems. By switching from an electron donating ligand to an electron withdrawing ligand, the rate was found to nearly double. Tantalum species were faster than their niobium counterparts by ∼3 times in the synthetic intermediates and ∼1.5 times in the catechol derivatives. This observed periodicity supports recent literature findings in this area.
Collapse
|
2
|
Calixarene-Metal Complexes in Lactide Polymerization: The Story so Far. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:13479-13491. [PMID: 37091416 PMCID: PMC10116533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polylactide synthetic procedures have lately gained attention, possibly due to their biocompatibility and the environmental problems associated with fossil-fuel-based polymers. Polylactides can be obtained from natural sources such as cassava, corn, and sugar beet, and polylactides can be manufactured in a laboratory using a variety of processes that begin with lactic acid or lactide. One of the most effective synthetic pathways is through a Lewis acid catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of lactides to obtain a well-defined polymer. In this regard, calixarenes, because of their easy functionalization and tunable properties, have been widely considered to be a suitable 3D molecular scaffold for new metal complexes that can be used for lactide polymerization. This review summarizes the progress made in applying some metal-calixarene complexes in the ring-opening polymerization of lactide.
Collapse
|
3
|
Ring-opening polymerization of lactides and ε-caprolactone catalyzed by Zn(II) aryl carboxylate complexes supported by 4-pyridinyl schiff base ligands. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13514. [PMID: 36846710 PMCID: PMC9950825 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthesis and catalytic studies of aryl carboxylate Zn (II) complexes is reported. Reaction of substituted (E)-N-phenyl-1-(pyridin-4-yl)methanimine with a methanolic solution of Zn(CH3COO)2 and substituted aryl carboxylate co-ligands gave heteroleptic Zn(II) complexes; [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L1)]2 (1), [Zn(C7H7COO)2(L1)]2 (2), [Zn (4-F-C6H4COO)2(L1)]2 (3), [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L2)]2 (4), [Zn(C7H7COO)2(L2)]2 (5), [Zn (4-F-C6H4COO)2(L2)]2 (6), [Zn(C6H5COO)2(L3)]2 (7), [Zn(C7H7COO)2(L3)]2 (8), [Zn (4-F-C6H4COO)2(L3)]2 (9). The molecular structures of complexes 1 and 4 are dinuclear with the zinc atom in complex 1 adopting a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry in a bi-metallacycle while complex 4 is square pyramidal where all four benzoate ligands bridge the zinc metals in a paddle wheel arrangement. All complexes successfully initiated mass/bulk ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ϵ-caprolactone (ϵ-CL) and lactides (LAs) monomers with or without alcohol co-initiators at elevated temperatures. Complexes 1, 4 and 6 containing the unsubstituted benzoate co-ligands were the most active in their triad; with complex 4 being the most active (k app) of 0.3450 h-1. The physicochemical properties of the polymerization products of l-lactide and rac-lactide in toluene revealed melting temperatures (Tm) between 116.58 °C and 188.03 °C, and decomposition temperatures between 278.78 °C and 331.32 °C suggestive of an isotactic PLA with a metal capped end.
Collapse
|
4
|
Investigating the Ring-Opening Polymerization Activity of Niobium and Tantalum Ethoxides Supported by Phenoxyimine Ligands. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:23995-24003. [PMID: 35847339 PMCID: PMC9281319 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A variety of metal catalysts from around the periodic table have been studied for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters. Within this field, group V catalysts have been rarely explored. To better understand the effect the choice of metal and ligand has on ROP activity, a series of 10 niobium and tantalum alkoxide catalysts, supported by a range of phenoxyimine ligands, were synthesized. The electronics and steric bulk of the ligands were varied on the phenoxy group ( t Bu, Cl, and OMe) and the imine group (Ph; 2,6-diMePh; 2,6-di i PrPh; and 2,4,6-tri t BuPh) to probe their effect on the catalyst structure and activity. Catalysts were characterized with 1D, 2D, and variable-temperature NMR techniques to determine their structure in solution. Single crystal X-ray diffraction studies were conducted to establish their solid-state structure. The 10 catalysts are pseudo-octahedral, and each shows ligand coordination through phenoxy-oxygen and imine-nitrogen (O,N). In the case of the o-vanillin ligand set, however, evidence was found for O,O-coordination of the ligand when the steric encumbrance of the imine-nitrogen was increased. Each catalyst was active for the ring-opening polymerization of both rac-lactide (LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL) in the absence of solvent at 140 °C. In the case of CL, the catalysts supported by chloro-containing ligands showed the most polymerization control based on final polymer molecular weight and dispersity. Ligand trends were less clear for the polymerization of LA, though in all cases the catalysts were more controlled than the parent homoleptic alkoxide [M(OEt)5; M = Nb or Ta]. The most promising catalyst in the family was tested for copolymerization activity of LA and CL in one pot. Copolymerization of the two monomers was successful and yielded random poly(caprolactone-co-lactide).
Collapse
|
5
|
The versatile roles of neutral donor ligands in tuning catalyst performance for the ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj02694a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of neutral donor ligands is an effective strategy to modify catalyst structure and performance in the synthesis of sustainable polymers through the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic esters.
Collapse
|
6
|
Experimental insights into catalytic oxidation of 1,6-hexanediol to ε-caprolactone over ( p-cymene)RuCl 2(L) complexes in non-polar media. REACT CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2re00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The activity-pocket site dimension (θc) dependence of (p-cymene)RuCl2(L) supports associative interchange mechanism for 1,6-hexandiol oxidation to ε-caprolactone. Methyl isobutyl carbinol, a H-accepting product, reacts with Ru, causing deactivation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
![]()
The cyanide ion plays
a key role in a number of industrially relevant
chemical processes, such as the extraction of gold and silver from
low grade ores. Metal cyanide compounds were arguably some of the
earliest coordination complexes studied and can be traced back to
the serendipitous discovery of Prussian blue by Diesbach in 1706.
By contrast, heavier cyanide analogues, such as the cyaphide ion,
C≡P–, are virtually unexplored despite the
enormous potential of such ions as ligands in coordination compounds
and extended solids. This is ultimately due to the lack of a suitable
synthesis of cyaphide salts. Herein we report the synthesis and isolation
of several magnesium–cyaphido complexes by reduction of iPr3SiOCP with a magnesium(I) reagent.
By analogy with Grignard reagents, these compounds can be used for
the incorporation of the cyaphide ion into the coordination sphere
of metals using a simple salt-metathesis protocol.
Collapse
|
8
|
Expected and Unexpected Reactivities of Homoleptic LiNacNac and Heteroleptic NacNacMg(TMP) β-Diketiminates toward Various Small Unsaturated Organic Molecules. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:6057-6064. [PMID: 33830739 PMCID: PMC8154426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Homoleptic LiNacNac forms simple donor-acceptor complexes with N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (CyN═C═NCy), triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3P═O), and benzophenone (Ph2CO). These crystallographically characterized compounds could be regarded as model intermediates en route to reducing the N═C, P═O, and C═O bonds of unsaturated substrates. Heteroleptic NacNacMg(TMP) intriguingly functions as a TMP nucleophile both with t-BuNCO and t-BuNCS, producing a urea or thiourea derivative respectively attached to Mg, though the NacNac ligand in the former reaction also engages noninnocently with a second t-BuNCO molecule via insertion at the reactive NacNac backbone γ-carbon site.
Collapse
|
9
|
Calcium and Magnesium Bis(β-diketiminate) Complexes: Impact of the Alkylene Bridge on Schlenk-Type Rearrangements. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:5310-5321. [PMID: 33667337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dinuclear heteroleptic alkaline-earth-metal complexes are interesting synthetic targets because the close proximity of two metals allows for cooperative effects. However, these complexes are also prone to undergoing Schlenk-type rearrangements, affording less-active homoleptic complexes. Here we present the metalation of bis(β-diketimine) ligands possessing flexible bridging groups, i.e., 1,2-ethylene, 1,3-propylene, and trans-1,2-cyclohexylene, using calcium and magnesium precursors. Four mononuclear homoleptic calcium complexes were obtained, highlighting the pronounced tendency of calcium to undergo Schlenk-like redistributions. In the case of magnesium, however, the bridging group plays a crucial role, yielding seven dinuclear heteroleptic complexes but also one mononuclear and one dinuclear homoleptic complexes. In addition, a trinuclear mixed heteroleptic-homoleptic magnesium complex, which is a rare example of an intermediate of the Schlenk equilibrium, was isolated.
Collapse
|
10
|
Isotactic-Alternating, Heterotactic-Alternating, and ABAA-Type Sequence-Controlled Copolyester Syntheses via Highly Stereoselective and Regioselective Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Diesters. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:4421-4432. [PMID: 33724019 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c00902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing different types of sequence-controlled copolyesters can enrich the diversity of copolyesters and modify their properties more precisely, but it is still a challenge to synthesize a complicated sequence-controlled copolyester using different hydroxy acids in a living polymerization manner. In this work, a highly regioselective and stereoselective catalytic system was developed to synthesize biorenewable and biodegradable copolyesters of mandelic acid and lactic acid with isotactic-alternating, heterotactic-alternating, and ABAA-type precise and complicated sequences. Because of the regular incorporation of mandelic acid into polylactide, these sequence-controlled copolymers of mandelic acid and lactic acid show higher glass-transition temperatures than polylactide and a random copolymer. A stereocomplexation interaction between two opposite enantiomeric isotactic polymer chains was also discovered in the isotactic-alternating copolymer.
Collapse
|
11
|
Make or break: Mg( ii)- and Zn( ii)-catalen complexes for PLA production and recycling of commodity polyesters. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01519a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of Mg(ii) and Zn(ii) catalen complexes have been prepared for PLA formation and recycling.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
We report the synthesis of high-valent molybdenum(VI) bis-imido complexes 1-4 with dipyrromethene (DPM) supporting ligands of the general formula (DPMR)Mo(NR')2Cl (R, R' = mesityl (Mes) or tert-butyl (tBu)). The electrochemical and chemical properties of 1-4 reveal unexpected ligand noninnocence and reactivity. 15N NMR spectroscopy is used to assess the electronic properties of the imido ligands in the tert-butyl complexes 1 and 3. Complex 1 is inert toward ligand (halide) exchange with bulky phenolates such as KOMes or amides (e.g., KN(SiMe3)2), whereas the use of the lithium alkyl LiCH2SiMe3 results in a rare nucleophilic β-alkylation of the DPM ligand. While the reductions of the complexes occur at molybdenum, the oxidation is centered at the DPM ligand. Quantum-chemical calculations (complete active space self-consistent field, density functional theory) suggest facile (near-infrared) interligand charge transfer to the imido ligand, which might preclude the isolation of the oxidized complex [1]+ in the experiment.
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abstract
Sometimes named half-porphyrins, bis-pyrrolic dipyrrin ligands endow their metal complexes with unique properties such as the potential to functionalize the heterocyclic backbone or the meso position and the ability to catalyze interesting chemical transformations. Thus, strategies towards the derivatization of or at the meso group and the use of dipyrrin metal complexes for the formation of a broad range of polypyrrolic derivatives such as 2,2'-bis-dipyrrins, nor-/hetero-corroles and porphynoids have been elaborated. Furthermore, the chelating ability of dipyrrins and the possibility of modifying their steric and electronic characteristics by functionalization can be exploited for the development of numerous complexes featuring appealing properties. Hence, C-H activation/amination, polymerization or oxidation reactions can be catalyzed by dipyrrin metal complexes and classical reagents such as Grignard species, Rh-based or Suzuki-Miyaura catalysts have been revisited by incorporation of dipyrrins in the coordination sphere of the metal cations. This contribution aims to review and illustrate all these aspects, highlighting the potential of these complexes for the design and synthesis of valuable organic compounds and metallo-organic architectures.
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Abstract
Preference for the binding mode of the CN- ligand to Mg (Mg-CN vs. Mg-NC) is investigated. A monomeric Mg complex with a terminal CN ligand was prepared using the dipyrromethene ligand Mes DPM which successfully blocks dimerization. While reaction of (Mes DPM)MgN(SiMe3 )2 with Me3 SiCN gave the coordination complex (Mes DPM)MgN(SiMe3 )2 ⋅NCSiMe3 , reaction with (Mes DPM)Mg(nBu) led to (Mes DPM)MgNC⋅(THF)2 . A Mg-NC/Mg-CN ratio of ≈95:5 was established by crystal-structure determination and DFT calculations. IR studies show absorbances for CN stretching at 2085 cm-1 (Mg-NC) and 2162 cm-1 (Mg-CN) as confirmed by 13 C labeling. In solution and in the solid state, the CN ligand rotates within the pocket. The calculated isomerization barrier is only 12.0 kcal mol-1 and the 13 C NMR signal for CN decoalesces at -85 °C (Mg-NC: 175.9 ppm, Mg-CN: 144.3 ppm). Experiment and theory both indicate that Mg complexes with the CN- ligand should not be named cyanides but are more properly defined as isocyanides.
Collapse
|
17
|
Chiral β-diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl complexes: Synthesis and their application in the polymerization of rac-lactide. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.118970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
18
|
Stabilization of Heteroleptic Heavier Alkaline Earth Metal Complexes with an Encapsulating Dipyrromethene Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Reactivity of a β-diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl complex toward small molecules. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3109-3115. [PMID: 30768120 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00090a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The reactivity of the magnesium alkyl {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(nBu)}2 (1) toward various small molecules provides access to a variety of magnesium derivatives. For example, the insertion of elemental chalcogens (S8 and Se8) into the Mg-C bond of complex 1 gives the dimeric magnesium thiolate {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-SnBu)}2 (2), magnesium selenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(SenBu)(THF) (3), and magnesium diselenolate [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(Se2nBu)(THF) (4). Meanwhile, compound 4 can be readily obtained by further insertion of one selenium atom into complex 3. Moreover, the reactions of complex 1 with diphenyl dichalcogenides (PhSSPh and PhSeSePh) by σ bond metathesis afford the corresponding magnesium phenyl chalcogenolates [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(EPh)(THF) (E = S 5, Se 6) concomitant with PhEnBu release. Furthermore, the treatment of complex 1 with benzonitrile and phenyl isothiocyanate produces the serendipitous magnesium-1-azaallyl complex [HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(N(H)C(Ph)[double bond, length as m-dash]CHC3H7)(DME) (7) and the diimino-thioamidato magnesium compound {κ3-N,N',N''-(ArNCMe)2[N(Ph)CS]CH}Mg[(Ph)NC(nBu)S] (8) (Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3). In addition, deprotonation occurs between compound 1 and 1-methylimidazole to generate the imidazolyl complex {[HC(C(Me)N-2,6-iPr2C6H3)2]Mg(μ-Im)}2 (9) (Im = 2-N-methylimidazolyl). These results indicated that the butylmagnesium complex 1 possesses high activity toward small molecules and revealed several unusual transformations. All the new compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic methods, and their solid-state structures were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Reaching Milestones in the Oxygenation Chemistry of Magnesium Alkyls: towards Intimate States of O
2
Activation and the First Monomeric Well‐Defined Magnesium Alkylperoxide. Chemistry 2019; 25:2503-2510. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
23
|
Tailor-made block copolymers of l-, d- and rac-lactides and ε-caprolactone via one-pot sequential ring opening polymerization by pyridylamidozinc(ii) catalysts. RSC Adv 2019; 9:32771-32779. [PMID: 35529720 PMCID: PMC9073191 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07133d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-coordinated Zn(ii) complexes bearing sterically encumbered bidentate monoanionic [N,N−] pyridylamido ligands efficiently catalyze the ring opening polymerization of lactide (LA) and ε-caprolactone (CL). Owing to the polymerization controlled nature and high rate, precise stereodiblock poly(LLA-b-DLA) with different block lengths can be easily produced by one-pot sequential monomer addition at room temperature in short reaction times. NMR, SEC and DSC analyses confirm the production of highly isotactic diblock copolymers which crystallize in the high melting stereocomplex phase. Stereo-triblock and tetrablock copolymers of l-LA, d-LA and rac-LA have been synthesized similarly. Finally, a diblock poly(CL-b-LA) has been easily obtained by sequential addition of ε-caprolactone and lactide under mild conditions. New 3-coordinated Zn ROP catalysts afford lactide stereo-block copolymers with variable block lengths and steric structures and diblock ε-caprolactone-lactide copolymers at room temperature and in short reaction times.![]()
Collapse
|
24
|
Highly isoselective ring-opening polymerization of rac-O-carboxyanhydrides using a zinc alkoxide initiator. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:12948-12951. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc06108h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly isoselective ROP system using just a zinc alkoxide as an initiator for the isoselective ROP of OCAs with the best Pm value of 0.97 at −70 °C.
Collapse
|
25
|
Structural and Synthetic Insights into Pyridine Homocouplings Mediated by a β-Diketiminato Magnesium Amide Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:14830-14835. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
26
|
Abstract
Simple, highly active, Zn(ii) and Mg(ii) complexes for the industrial ring opening polymerisation (ROP) of lactide.
Collapse
|
27
|
Stereo-selectivity switchable ROP of rac-β-butyrolactone initiated by salan-ligated rare-earth metal amide complexes: the key role of the substituents on ligand frameworks. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:11998-12001. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc05469j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel salan-ligated rare-earth metal amide complexes were prepared and employed as initiators for the ROP of rac-β-butyrolactone (rac-BBL).
Collapse
|
28
|
Crown ether complexes of sodium and potassium 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)phenolates: Synthesis and catalysis towards the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1381925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
29
|
|
30
|
TMPMg Bu(L), where L = THF, 2-MeTHF, pyridine and dimethylaminopyridine and TMP = 1,5,9-trimesityldipyrromethene: Reaction with lactide and ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
31
|
Ring-opening polymerization of lactide, ε
-caprolactone and their copolymerization catalyzed by β
-diketiminate zinc complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
32
|
Lithium Quinolyl‐Amidinates Efficiently Promoting Ring‐Opening Polymerization of ε‐Caprolactone: Synthesis and
7
Li NMR Spectroscopic Studies. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
33
|
Ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide catalyzed by crown ether complexes of sodium and potassium iminophenoxides. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03394j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Crown ether complexes of sodium and potassium iminophenoxides were demonstrated to catalyze the stereoselective polymerization of rac-lactide.
Collapse
|
34
|
Crown ether complexes of potassium quinolin-8-olates: synthesis, characterization and catalysis toward the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra01186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Crown ether complexes of potassium quinolin-8-olates were synthesized and demonstrated to catalyze the stereoselective polymerization of rac-lactide.
Collapse
|
35
|
Synthesis of di- and trinuclear zinc complexes bearing pyrrole-based ligands and their catalysis toward the ROP of rac-lactides. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
36
|
Oxygenation Chemistry of Magnesium Alkyls Incorporating β-Diketiminate Ligands Revisited. Chemistry 2016; 22:17776-17783. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
37
|
A Soft Grip: Magnesium Complexes with a Phosphine-Modified Phosphonium Diylidic Lewis Base. Chemistry 2016; 22:17425-17435. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201603775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
Magnesium and Zinc Complexes Supported by N,N,O Tridentate Ligands: Synthesis and Catalysis in the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of
rac
‐Lactide and α‐Methyltrimethylene Carbonate. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
39
|
TMPZnN(SiMe3)2, [TMPZn(μ-O Pr)]2 and TMPZn[OCMe2C(O)OEt]. Their role in the ring-opening of rac-lactide and ε-caprolactone where TMP = 1,5,9-trimesityldipyrromethene. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
40
|
Synthesis, structure and reactivity of a terminal magnesium fluoride compound, [Tp But,Me]MgF: hydrogen bonding, halogen bonding and C-F bond formation. Chem Sci 2016; 7:142-149. [PMID: 29861975 PMCID: PMC5950829 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03504j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulky tris(3-tert-butyl-5-pyrazolyl)hydroborato ligand, [TpBut,Me], has been employed to obtain the first structurally characterized example of a molecular magnesium compound that features a terminal fluoride ligand, namely [TpBut,Me]MgF, via the reaction of [TpBut,Me]MgMe with Me3SnF. The chloride, bromide and iodide complexes, [TpBut,Me]MgX (X = Cl, Br, I), can also be obtained by an analogous method using Me3SnX. The molecular structures of the complete series of halide derivatives, [TpBut,Me]MgX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been determined by X-ray diffraction. In each case, the Mg-X bond lengths are shorter than the sum of the covalent radii, thereby indicating that there is a significant ionic component to the bonding, in agreement with density functional theory calculations. The fluoride ligand of [TpBut,Me]MgF undergoes halide exchange with Me3SiX (X = Cl, Br, I) to afford [TpBut,Me]MgX and Me3SiF. The other halide derivatives [TpBut,Me]MgX undergo similar exchange reactions, but the thermodynamic driving forces are much smaller than those involving fluoride transfer, a manifestation of the often discussed silaphilicity of fluorine. In accord with the highly polarized Mg-F bond, the fluoride ligand of [TpBut,Me]MgF is capable of serving as a hydrogen bond and halogen bond acceptor, such that it forms adducts with indole and C6F5I. [TpBut,Me]MgF also reacts with Ph3CCl to afford Ph3CF, thereby demonstrating that [TpBut,Me]MgF may be used to form C-F bonds.
Collapse
|
41
|
β-Diketiminate-supported magnesium alkyl: synthesis, structure and application as co-catalyst for polymerizations mediated by a lanthanum half-sandwich complex. Appl Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Magnesium Drug Complexes: Efficient Initiators for Forming Polylactide–Drug Conjugates. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
44
|
Block Copolymers of “PE-Like” Poly(pentadecalactone) and Poly(l-lactide): Synthesis, Properties, and Compatibilization of Polyethylene/Poly(l-lactide) Blends. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
45
|
New types of bi- and tri-dentate pyrrole-piperazine ligands and related zinc compounds: Synthesis, characterization, reaction study, and ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
46
|
Bulky guanidinate stabilized homoleptic magnesium, calcium and zinc complexes and their catalytic activity in the Tishchenko reaction. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
47
|
Catalytic bond forming reactions promoted by amidinate, guanidinate and phosphaguanidinate compounds of magnesium. Dalton Trans 2015; 43:14302-14. [PMID: 24852040 DOI: 10.1039/c4dt01097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and catalytic properties of a series of magnesium compounds consisting of monoanionic, N,N'-chelating ligands (N∩N = amidinates, guanidinates, phosphaguanidinates) is reported. The compounds were synthesized by (i) insertion of a carbodiimide into an existing Mg-C or Mg-N bond, or (ii) protonolysis of an organomagnesium compound by a neutral pre-ligand. Structural analyses of mono- or bis-(chelate) compounds with general formula Mg(N∩N)X(L)n and Mg(N∩N)2(L)n (X = halide, aryloxide, amide; L = Et2O, THF; n = 0, 1 or 2) have been performed and the influence that the ligand substituent patterns have on the solid-state structures has been probed. Selected examples of the compounds were tested as (pre)catalysts for the polymerization of lactide, the dimerization of aldehydes and the hydroacetylenation of carbodiimides.
Collapse
|
48
|
Size-Controlled Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles Functionalized by Heteroleptic Dipyrrinato Complexes Having meso-Pyridyl Substituents and Their Catalytic Applications. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2500-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502848a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
49
|
Abstract
Novel heteroleptic magnesium complexes, [Mg(dmamp)(acac)]2 (), [Mg(dmamp)(tmhd)]2 (), [Mg(dmamp)(tfac)]2 (), and [Mg(dmamp)(hfac)]2 (), were successfully synthesized using dmamp and β-diketonate as ligands. The thermogravimetric analyses and volatile studies of the complexes showed that the complexes and display high volatility and thermal stability. The single crystal X-ray study of the complexes reveals that both the complexes and were crystalized in the triclinic space group and as dimers, where magnesium atoms are in the pentacoordinate state with distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry.
Collapse
|
50
|
Magnesium complexes containing biphenyl-based tridentate imino-phenolate ligands for ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide and α-methyltrimethylene carbonate. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5200-10. [PMID: 24504319 DOI: 10.1039/c3dt53513d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of racemic 2-[(2'-(dimethylamino)biphenyl-2-ylimino)methyl]-4-R(2)-6-R(1)-phenols (L¹H-L⁴H) were reacted with {Mg[N(SiMe3)2]2}2 to provide four heteroleptic magnesium complexes (L¹⁻⁴)MgN(SiMe3)2·(THF)n (1, R(1) = (t)Bu, R(2) = Me, n = 1; 2, R(1) = R(2) = CMe2Ph, n = 0; 3, R(1) = CPh3, R(2) = (t)Bu, n = 1; 4, R(1) = Br, R(2) = (t)Bu, n = 0), which have been fully characterized. X-ray structural determination shows that complex 1 possesses a monomeric structure, but complex 4 is dimeric with C2-symmetry where the two metal centers are bridged by two phenolate oxygen atoms of the ligands. The coordination geometry around the magnesium center in these complexes can be best described as a distorted tetrahedral geometry. The heteroleptic complexes 1-4 efficiently initiate the ring-opening polymerization of rac-lactide and α-methyltrimethylene carbonate (α-MeTMC) and the polymerizations are better controlled in the presence of 2-propanol. In general, the introduction of a bulky ortho-substituent on the phenoxy unit results in increases of both the catalytic activity and the stereo- or regioselectivity of the corresponding magnesium complex. Microstructure analyses of the resulting PLAs revealed that P(r) values range from 0.46 to 0.81, depending on the catalyst and the polymerization conditions. For racemic α-MeTMC, detailed analyses using (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy indicated the preferential ring-opening of α-MeTMC at the most hindered oxygen-acyl bond (X(reg) = 0.65-0.86).
Collapse
|