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Neckel IT, de Castro LF, Callefo F, Teixeira VC, Gobbi AL, Piazzetta MH, de Oliveira RAG, Lima RS, Vicente RA, Galante D, Tolentino HCN. Development of a sticker sealed microfluidic device for in situ analytical measurements using synchrotron radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23671. [PMID: 34880305 PMCID: PMC8654830 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02928-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Shedding synchrotron light on microfluidic systems, exploring several contrasts in situ/operando at the nanoscale, like X-ray fluorescence, diffraction, luminescence, and absorption, has the potential to reveal new properties and functionalities of materials across diverse areas, such as green energy, photonics, and nanomedicine. In this work, we present the micro-fabrication and characterization of a multifunctional polyester/glass sealed microfluidic device well-suited to combine with analytical X-ray techniques. The device consists of smooth microchannels patterned on glass, where three gold electrodes are deposited into the channels to serve in situ electrochemistry analysis or standard electrical measurements. It has been efficiently sealed through an ultraviolet-sensitive sticker-like layer based on a polyester film, and The burst pressure determined by pumping water through the microchannel(up to 0.22 MPa). Overall, the device has demonstrated exquisite chemical resistance to organic solvents, and its efficiency in the presence of biological samples (proteins) is remarkable. The device potentialities, and its high transparency to X-rays, have been demonstrated by taking advantage of the X-ray nanoprobe Carnaúba/Sirius/LNLS, by obtaining 2D X-ray nanofluorescence maps on the microchannel filled with water and after an electrochemical nucleation reaction. To wrap up, the microfluidic device characterized here has the potential to be employed in standard laboratory experiments as well as in in situ and in vivo analytical experiments using a wide electromagnetic window, from infrared to X-rays, which could serve experiments in many branches of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itamar T Neckel
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Lucas F de Castro
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goiás, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Flavia Callefo
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Verônica C Teixeira
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo L Gobbi
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria H Piazzetta
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ricardo A G de Oliveira
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Renato S Lima
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Vicente
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, SãoPaulo, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Douglas Galante
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Helio C N Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
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2
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Martucci DH, Todão FR, Shimizu FM, Fukudome TM, Schwarz SDF, Carrilho E, Gobbi AL, Oliveira ON, Lima RS. Auxiliary electrode oxidation for naked-eye electrochemical determinations in microfluidics: Towards on-the-spot applications. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.08.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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3
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Jozanović M, Sakač N, Sak-Bosnar M, Carrilho E. A simple and reliable new microchip electrophoresis method for fast measurements of imidazole dipeptides in meat from different animal species. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:4359-4369. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1087-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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4
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Shimizu FM, Todão FR, Gobbi AL, Oliveira ON, Garcia CD, Lima RS. Functionalization-Free Microfluidic Electronic Tongue Based on a Single Response. ACS Sens 2017; 2:1027-1034. [PMID: 28750534 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Electronic tongues (e-tongues) are promising analytical devices for a variety of applications to address the challenges of quality control in water monitoring and industries of foods, beverages, and pharmaceuticals. A crucial drawback in the current e-tongues is the need to recalibrate the device when one or more sensing units (usually with modified surface) are replaced. Another downside is the necessity to perform subsequent surface modifications and analyses to each of the diverse sensing units, undermining the simplicity and velocity of the method. These features have prevented widespread commercial use of the e-tongues. In this paper, we introduce a microfluidic e-tongue that overcomes all such limitations. The key principle of global selectivity of the e-tongue was achieved by recording only a single response, namely, the equivalent admittance spectrum of an association of resistors in parallel. Such resistors consisted of five nonfunctionalized stainless steel microwires (sensing units), which were short-circuited and coated with gold, platinum, nickel, iron, and aluminum oxide films. The microwires were inserted in a chip composed of a single piece of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Using impedance spectroscopy, the e-tongue was successfully applied in classification of basic tastes at a concentration below the threshold for the human tongue. In addition, our chip allowed the distinction of various chemicals used in oil industry. Finally, our cleanroom-free prototyping allows the mass production of chips with easily replaceable and reproducible sensing units. Hence, one can now envisage the widespread dissemination of e-tongues with fast and reproducible data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio M. Shimizu
- Instituto
de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brasil
| | - Fagner R. Todão
- Laboratório
Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Angelo L. Gobbi
- Laboratório
Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Osvaldo N. Oliveira
- Instituto
de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Carlos, São Paulo 13560-970, Brasil
| | - Carlos D. Garcia
- Department
of Chemistry, Clemson University, 219 Hunter Laboratories, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Laboratório
Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
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5
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Teixeira CA, Giordano GF, Beltrame MB, Vieira LCS, Gobbi AL, Lima RS. Renewable Solid Electrodes in Microfluidics: Recovering the Electrochemical Activity without Treating the Surface. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11199-11206. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Teixeira
- Laboratório
de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Gabriela F. Giordano
- Laboratório
de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Maisa B. Beltrame
- Laboratório
de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Luis C. S. Vieira
- Laboratório
de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Angelo L. Gobbi
- Laboratório
de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
| | - Renato S. Lima
- Laboratório
de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
- Instituto
de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brasil
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6
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Turbulence in microfluidics: Cleanroom-free, fast, solventless, and bondless fabrication and application in high throughput liquid-liquid extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 940:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.08.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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7
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Lobo-Júnior EO, Gabriel EFM, dos Santos RA, de Souza FR, Lopes WD, Lima RS, Gobbi AL, Coltro WKT. Simple, rapid and, cost-effective fabrication of PDMS electrophoresis microchips using poly(vinyl acetate) as photoresist master. Electrophoresis 2016; 38:250-257. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201600209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Renato S. Lima
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais; Campinas/SP Brazil
| | - Angelo L. Gobbi
- Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia; Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais; Campinas/SP Brazil
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8
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Self-regenerating and hybrid irreversible/reversible PDMS microfluidic devices. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26032. [PMID: 27181918 PMCID: PMC4867595 DOI: 10.1038/srep26032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper outlines a straightforward, fast, and low-cost method to fabricate polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) chips. Termed sandwich bonding (SWB), this method requires only a laboratory oven. Initially, SWB relies on the reversible bonding of a coverslip over PDMS channels. The coverslip is smaller than the substrate, leaving a border around the substrate exposed. Subsequently, a liquid composed of PDMS monomers and a curing agent is poured onto the structure. Finally, the cover is cured. We focused on PDMS/glass chips because of their key advantages in microfluidics. Despite its simplicity, this method created high-performance microfluidic channels. Such structures featured self-regeneration after leakages and hybrid irreversible/reversible behavior. The reversible nature was achieved by removing the cover of PDMS with acetone. Thus, the PDMS substrate and glass coverslip could be detached for reuse. These abilities are essential in the stages of research and development. Additionally, SWB avoids the use of surface oxidation, half-cured PDMS as an adhesive, and surface chemical modification. As a consequence, SWB allows surface modifications before the bonding, a long time for alignment, the enclosure of sub-micron channels, and the prototyping of hybrid devices. Here, the technique was successfully applied to bond PDMS to Au and Al.
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9
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Lima RS, Leão PAGC, Piazzetta MHO, Monteiro AM, Shiroma LY, Gobbi AL, Carrilho E. Sacrificial adhesive bonding: a powerful method for fabrication of glass microchips. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13276. [PMID: 26293346 PMCID: PMC4543966 DOI: 10.1038/srep13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A new protocol for fabrication of glass microchips is addressed in this research paper. Initially, the method involves the use of an uncured SU-8 intermediate to seal two glass slides irreversibly as in conventional adhesive bonding-based approaches. Subsequently, an additional step removes the adhesive layer from the channels. This step relies on a selective development to remove the SU-8 only inside the microchannel, generating glass-like surface properties as demonstrated by specific tests. Named sacrificial adhesive layer (SAB), the protocol meets the requirements of an ideal microfabrication technique such as throughput, relatively low cost, feasibility for ultra large-scale integration (ULSI), and high adhesion strength, supporting pressures on the order of 5 MPa. Furthermore, SAB eliminates the use of high temperature, pressure, or potential, enabling the deposition of thin films for electrical or electrochemical experiments. Finally, the SAB protocol is an improvement on SU-8-based bondings described in the literature. Aspects such as substrate/resist adherence, formation of bubbles, and thermal stress were effectively solved by using simple and inexpensive alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Lima
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Paulo A G C Leão
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Maria H O Piazzetta
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M Monteiro
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Leandro Y Shiroma
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.,Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Angelo L Gobbi
- Laboratório de Microfabricação, Laboratório Nacional de Nanotecnologia, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Bioanalítica, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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10
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Duarte Junior GF, Fracassi da Silva JA, Mendonça Francisco KJ, do Lago CL, Carrilho E, Coltro WKT. Metalless electrodes for capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection on electrophoresis microchips. Electrophoresis 2015; 36:1935-40. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201500033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Alberto Fracassi da Silva
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Estadual de Campinas; Campinas São Paulo Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica; Campinas São Paulo Brasil
| | | | | | - Emanuel Carrilho
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos; Universidade de São Paulo; São Carlos São Paulo Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica; Campinas São Paulo Brasil
| | - Wendell K. T. Coltro
- Instituto de Química; Universidade Federal de Goiás; Goiânia Goiás Brasil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Bioanalítica; Campinas São Paulo Brasil
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11
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An integrated platform for gas-diffusion separation and electrochemical determination of ethanol on fermentation broths. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 875:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Kubáň P, Hauser PC. Contactless conductivity detection for analytical techniques-Developments from 2012 to 2014. Electrophoresis 2014; 36:195-211. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kubáň
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Peter C. Hauser
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; Basel Switzerland
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