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Rahman MO, Nor NBM, Sawaran Singh NS, Sikiru S, Dennis JO, Shukur MFBA, Junaid M, Abro GEM, Siddiqui MA, Al-Amin M. One-Step Solvothermal Synthesis by Ethylene Glycol to Produce N-rGO for Supercapacitor Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:666. [PMID: 36839033 PMCID: PMC9960698 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Graphene and its derivatives have emerged as peerless electrode materials for energy storage applications due to their exclusive electroactive properties such as high chemical stability, wettability, high electrical conductivity, and high specific surface area. However, electrodes from graphene-based composites are still facing some substantial challenges to meet current energy demands. Here, we applied one-pot facile solvothermal synthesis to produce nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) nanoparticles using an organic solvent, ethylene glycol (EG), and introduced its application in supercapacitors. Electrochemical analysis was conducted to assess the performance using a multi-channel electrochemical workstation. The N-rGO-based electrode demonstrates the highest specific capacitance of 420 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density in 3 M KOH electrolyte with the value of energy (28.60 Whkg-1) and power (460 Wkg-1) densities. Furthermore, a high capacitance retention of 98.5% after 3000 charge/discharge cycles was recorded at 10 A g-1. This one-pot facile solvothermal synthetic process is expected to be an efficient technique to design electrodes rationally for next-generation supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Obaidur Rahman
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Nursyarizal Bin Mohd Nor
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Narinderjit Singh Sawaran Singh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology (FDSIT), INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Surajudeen Sikiru
- Centre for Subsurface Imaging, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - John Ojur Dennis
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Fadhlullah bin Abd. Shukur
- Department of Fundamental & Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Centre of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices (COINN), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam E. Mustafa Abro
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Md Al-Amin
- The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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Witjaksono G, Junaid M, Khir MH, Ullah Z, Tansu N, Saheed MSBM, Siddiqui MA, Ba-Hashwan SS, Algamili AS, Magsi SA, Aslam MZ, Nawaz R. Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the Optical Bandgap and Electrical Conductivity of Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide. Molecules 2021; 26:6424. [PMID: 34770833 PMCID: PMC8588234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Graphene as a material for optoelectronic design applications has been significantly restricted owing to zero bandgap and non-compatible handling procedures compared with regular microelectronic ones. In this work, nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) with tunable optical bandgap and enhanced electrical conductivity was synthesized via a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The properties of the synthesized N-rGO were determined using XPS, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, UV/vis, as well as FESEM techniques. The UV/vis spectroscopic analysis confirmed the narrowness of the optical bandgap from 3.4 to 3.1, 2.5, and 2.2 eV in N-rGO samples, where N-rGO samples were synthesized with a nitrogen doping concentration of 2.80, 4.53, and 5.51 at.%. Besides, an enhanced n-type electrical conductivity in N-rGO was observed in Hall effect measurement. The observed tunable optoelectrical characteristics of N-rGO make it a suitable material for developing future optoelectronic devices at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunawan Witjaksono
- BRI Institute, Jl. Harsono RM No. 2, Ragunan, Jakarta 12550, Passsar Minggu, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Mohd Haris Khir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Zaka Ullah
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Nelson Tansu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Muhammad Aadil Siddiqui
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Saeed S. Ba-Hashwan
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Abdullah Saleh Algamili
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Saeed Ahmed Magsi
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Muhammad Zubair Aslam
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (M.H.K.); (Z.U.); (M.A.S.); (S.S.B.-H.); (A.S.A.); (S.A.M.); (M.Z.A.)
| | - Rab Nawaz
- Department of Fundamental Science, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; or
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He B, Langner J, Witek HA. Hexagonal flakes as fused parallelograms: A determinantal formula for
Zhang‐Zhang
polynomials of the
O
(2,
m
,
n
) benzenoids. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing‐Hau He
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Johanna Langner
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
| | - Henryk A. Witek
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
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Witek HA. Zhang-Zhang Polynomials of Multiple Zigzag Chains Revisited: A Connection with the John-Sachs Theorem. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092524. [PMID: 33925975 PMCID: PMC8123625 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple zigzag chains Zm,n of length n and width m constitute an important class of regular graphene flakes of rectangular shape. The physical and chemical properties of these basic pericondensed benzenoids can be related to their various topological invariants, conveniently encoded as the coefficients of a combinatorial polynomial, usually referred to as the ZZ polynomial of multiple zigzag chains Zm,n. The current study reports a novel method for determination of these ZZ polynomials based on a hypothesized extension to John–Sachs theorem, used previously to enumerate Kekulé structures of various benzenoid hydrocarbons. We show that the ZZ polynomial of the Zm,n multiple zigzag chain can be conveniently expressed as a determinant of a Toeplitz (or almost Toeplitz) matrix of size m2×m2 consisting of simple hypergeometric polynomials. The presented analysis can be extended to generalized multiple zigzag chains Zkm,n, i.e., derivatives of Zm,n with a single attached polyacene chain of length k. All presented formulas are accompanied by formal proofs. The developed theoretical machinery is applied for predicting aromaticity distribution patterns in large and infinite multiple zigzag chains Zm,n and for computing the distribution of spin densities in biradical states of finite multiple zigzag chains Zm,n.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henryk A. Witek
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan;
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 1001 Ta-Hsueh Road, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan
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6
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Makal P, Das D. Reduced Graphene Oxide-Laminated One-Dimensional TiO 2-Bronze Nanowire Composite: An Efficient Photoanode Material for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4362-4373. [PMID: 33623847 PMCID: PMC7893794 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile one-step hydrothermal method was developed to prepare reduced graphene oxide-laminated TiO2-bronze (TiO2-B) nanowire composites (TNWG), which contain two-dimensional graphene oxide nanosheets and TiO2-B nanowires. In the hydrothermal process, the functional groups of graphene oxide were reduced significantly. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated using TNWG as the photoanode material. The effects of different reduced graphene oxide contents in TNWG on the energy conversion efficiency of the dye-sensitized solar cells were investigated using J-V and incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency characteristics. DSSCs based on a TNWG hybrid photoanode with a reduced graphene oxide content of 8 wt % demonstrated an overall light-to-electricity conversion efficiency of 4.95%, accompanied by a short-circuit current density of 10.41 mA cm-2, an open-circuit voltage of 0.71 V, and a fill factor of 67%, which were much higher than those of DSSC made with a pure TiO2-B NW-based photoanode. The overall improvement in photovoltaic performance could be associated to the intense visible light absorption and enhanced dye adsorption because of the increased surface area of the composite, together with faster electron transport due to reduced carrier recombination.
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Junaid M, Khir MHM, Witjaksono G, Tansu N, Saheed MSM, Kumar P, Ullah Z, Yar A, Usman F. Boron-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide with Tunable Bandgap and Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance. Molecules 2020; 25:E3646. [PMID: 32796504 PMCID: PMC7465222 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25163646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Graphene and its hybrids are being employed as potential materials in light-sensing devices due to their high optical and electronic properties. However, the absence of a bandgap in graphene limits the realization of devices with high performance. In this work, a boron-doped reduced graphene oxide (B-rGO) is proposed to overcome the above problems. Boron doping enhances the conductivity of graphene oxide and creates several defect sites during the reduction process, which can play a vital role in achieving high-sensing performance of light-sensing devices. Initially, the B-rGO is synthesized using a modified microwave-assisted hydrothermal method and later analyzed using standard FESEM, FTIR, XPS, Raman, and XRD techniques. The content of boron in doped rGO was found to be 6.51 at.%. The B-rGO showed a tunable optical bandgap from 2.91 to 3.05 eV in the visible spectrum with an electrical conductivity of 0.816 S/cm. The optical constants obtained from UV-Vis absorption spectra suggested an enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response for B-rGO in the theoretical study, which was further verified by experimental investigations. The B-rGO with tunable bandgap and enhanced SPR could open up the solution for future high-performance optoelectronic and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering, and Management Sciences, Quetta 87300, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - M. H. Md Khir
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Gunawan Witjaksono
- BRI Institute, Jl. Harsono RM No.2, Ragunan, Passsar Minggu, Jakarta 12550, Indonesia;
| | - Nelson Tansu
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, 7 Asa Drive, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA;
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Zaka Ullah
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Asfand Yar
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.Y.); (F.U.)
| | - Fahad Usman
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (A.Y.); (F.U.)
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Spiegelman F, Tarrat N, Cuny J, Dontot L, Posenitskiy E, Martí C, Simon A, Rapacioli M. Density-functional tight-binding: basic concepts and applications to molecules and clusters. ADVANCES IN PHYSICS: X 2020; 5:1710252. [PMID: 33154977 PMCID: PMC7116320 DOI: 10.1080/23746149.2019.1710252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of this article is to present an overview of the Density Functional based Tight Binding (DFTB) method and its applications. The paper introduces the basics of DFTB and its standard formulation up to second order. It also addresses methodological developments such as third order expansion, inclusion of non-covalent interactions, schemes to solve the self-interaction error, implementation of long-range short-range separation, treatment of excited states via the time-dependent DFTB scheme, inclusion of DFTB in hybrid high-level/low level schemes (DFT/DFTB or DFTB/MM), fragment decomposition of large systems, large scale potential energy landscape exploration with molecular dynamics in ground or excited states, non-adiabatic dynamics. A number of applications are reviewed, focusing on -(i)- the variety of systems that have been studied such as small molecules, large molecules and biomolecules, bare orfunctionalized clusters, supported or embedded systems, and -(ii)- properties and processes, such as vibrational spectroscopy, collisions, fragmentation, thermodynamics or non-adiabatic dynamics. Finally outlines and perspectives are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernand Spiegelman
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Tarrat
- CEMES, Université de Toulouse (UPS), CNRS, UPR8011, Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Cuny
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Leo Dontot
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Evgeny Posenitskiy
- Laboratoire Collisions Agrégats et Réactivité LCAR/IRSAMC, UMR5589, Université de Toulouse (UPS) and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Carles Martí
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie, UMR5182, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon and CNRS, Lyon, France
| | - Aude Simon
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mathias Rapacioli
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques LCPQ/IRSAMC, UMR5626, Université de Toulouse (UPS)and CNRS, Toulouse, France
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9
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Grajek H, Jonik J, Witkiewicz Z, Wawer T, Purchała M. Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Chemical Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2019; 50:445-471. [PMID: 31702380 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2019.1653165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the applications of graphene and its derivatives in the chemical analysis have been described. The properties of graphene materials which are essential for their use in chemical and biochemical analysis are characterized. The materials are used in sensors and biosensors, in electrochemistry, in chromatography and in the sample preparation techniques. Chemical and electrochemical sensors containing graphene materials are useful devices for detecting some chemical and biochemical compounds. Chromatographic columns for HPLC with graphene containing stationary phases may be used for separation of polar and nonpolar components of some specific mixtures. Graphene materials could be successfully employed during sample preparation for analysis with SPE, magnetic SPE, and SPME techniques. HighlightsThe review of the applications of graphene (G) and its derivatives, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), in chemical and biochemical analysis is proposed.The electron donor-acceptor and proton donor-acceptor interactions for the graphene based materials - analytes systems and their impact on the analysis results are discussed, particularly: i) in electrochemistry,ii) in chromatography,iii) in modern sample preparation techniquesiv) in sensors of different types.The essence of the thermal stability and the nomenclature of the graphene based materials in their different applications in chemical systems of different classes was discussed (and suggested).The benefits of using SPME fibers with immobilized graphene materials have been presented in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Grajek
- Department of Advanced Technology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Jonik
- Department of Advanced Technology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Witkiewicz
- Department of Advanced Technology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Wawer
- Department of Advanced Technology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Purchała
- Department of Advanced Technology and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Hezarkhani M, Ghadari R. Exploration of the Binding Properties of the Azo Dye Pollutants with Nitrogen‐Doped Graphene Oxide by Computational Modeling for Wastewater Treatment Improvement. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hezarkhani
- Department of Environmental SciencesFaculty of Natural Resources and EnvironmentMalayer University, Malayer Iran
| | - Rahim Ghadari
- Computational Chemistry LaboratoryDepartment of Organic and BiochemistryFaculty of ChemistryUniversity of Tabriz 5166616471 Tabriz Iran
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11
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Hernandez-Aldave S, Tarat A, McGettrick JD, Bertoncello P. Voltammetric Detection of Caffeine in Beverages at Nafion/Graphite Nanoplatelets Layer-by-Layer Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E221. [PMID: 30736450 PMCID: PMC6410159 DOI: 10.3390/nano9020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We report for the first time a procedure in which Nafion/Graphite nanoplatelets (GNPs) thin films are fabricated using a modified layer-by-layer (LbL) method. The method consists of dipping a substrate (quartz and/or glassy carbon electrodes) into a composite solution made of Nafion and GNPs dissolved together in ethanol, followed by washing steps in water. This procedure allowed the fabrication of multilayer films of (Nafion/GNPs)n by means of hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic‒hydrophobic interactions between Nafion, GNPs, and the corresponding solid substrate. The average thickness of each layer evaluated using profilometer corresponds to ca. 50 nm. The as-prepared Nafion/GNPs LbL films were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), FTIR, and optical microscopy. This characterization highlights the presence of oxygen functionalities that support a mechanism of self-assembly via hydrogen bonding interactions, along with hydrophobic interactions between the carbon groups of GNPs and the Teflon-like (carbon‒fluorine backbone) of Nafion. We showed that Nafion/GNPs LbL films can be deposited onto glassy carbon electrodes and utilized for the voltammetric detection of caffeine in beverages. The results showed that Nafion/GNPs LbL films can achieve a limit of detection for caffeine (LoD) of 0.032 μM and linear range between 20‒250 μM using differential pulse voltammetry, whereas, using cyclic voltammetry LoD and linear range were found to be 24 μM and 50‒5000 μM, respectively. Voltammetric detection of caffeine in beverages showed good agreement between the values found experimentally and those reported by the beverage producers. The values found are also in agreement with those obtained using a standard spectrophotometric method. The proposed method is appealing because it allows the fabrication of Nafion/GNPs thin films in a simple fashion using a single-step procedure, rather than using composite solutions with opposite electrostatic charge, and also allows the detection of caffeine in beverages without any pre-treatment or dilution of the real samples. The proposed method is characterized by a fast response time without apparent interference, and the results were competitive with those obtained with other materials reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hernandez-Aldave
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Crwmlyn Burrows, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Afshin Tarat
- Perpetuus Advanced Materials, Unit B1, Olympus Court, Millstream Way, Swansea Vale, Llansamlet, SA7 0AQ, UK.
| | - James D McGettrick
- SPECIFIC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
| | - Paolo Bertoncello
- Systems and Process Engineering Centre, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Crwmlyn Burrows, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK.
- Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Campus, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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12
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Kimura R, Hijikata Y, Eveleens CA, Page AJ, Irle S. Chiral-selective etching effects on carbon nanotube growth at edge carbon atoms. J Comput Chem 2019; 40:375-380. [PMID: 30548651 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) utilizing metal cluster nanoparticle catalysts is commonly used to synthesize carbon nanotubes (CNT), with oxygen-containing species such as water or alcohol included in the feedstock for enhanced yield. However, the etching effect of these additives on the growth mechanism has rarely been investigated, despite evidence suggesting that etching potentially affects the chirality distribution of product CNTs. We used quantum chemical methods to study how water-based etchant radicals (OH and H) may enhance the chiral selectivity during CVD growth using CNT cap models. Chemical reactivities of the caps with the etchant radicals were evaluated using density functional theory (DFT). It was found that the reactivities on the cap edges correlate with the chirality of the caps. These results suggest that proper selection of etchant species can provide opportunities for selective chirality control of the product CNTs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuto Kimura
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuh Hijikata
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Clothilde A Eveleens
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Alister J Page
- The institute names serve in place of Department information, Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308, Australia
| | - Stephan Irle
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Computational Sciences and Engineering Division & Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, 37831-6493
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Mitchell I, Aradi B, Page AJ. Density functional tight binding-based free energy simulations in the DFTB+ program. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:2452-2458. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Izaac Mitchell
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle
| | - Bálint Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen
| | - Alister J. Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle
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14
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Mitchell I, Irle S, Page AJ. Inducing regioselective chemical reactivity in graphene with alkali metal intercalation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19987-19994. [PMID: 30022198 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02903b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
First principles calculations demonstrate that alkali metal atoms, intercalated between metal substrates and adsorbed graphene monolayers, induce localised regions of increased reactivity. The extent of this localisation is proportional to the size of the alkali atom and the strength of the graphene-substrate interaction. Thus, larger alkali atoms are more effective (e.g. K > Na > Li), as are stronger-interacting substrates (e.g. Ni > Cu). Despite the electropositivity of these alkali metal adsorbates, analysis of charge transfer between the alkali metal, the substrate and the adsorbed graphene layer indicates that charge transfer does not give rise to the observed regioselective reactivity. Instead, the increased reactivity induced in the graphene structure is shown to arise from the geometrical distortion of the graphene layer imposed by the intercalated adsorbed atom. We show that this strategy can be used with arbitrary adsorbates and substrate defects, provided such structures are stable, towards controlling the mesoscale patterning and chemical functionalisation of graphene structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izaac Mitchell
- Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, 2308 NSW, Australia.
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15
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Pham BQ, Gordon MS. Thermodynamics and kinetics of graphene chemistry: a graphene hydrogenation prototype study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:33274-33281. [PMID: 27896344 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05687c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The thermodynamic and kinetic controls of graphene chemistry are studied computationally using a graphene hydrogenation reaction and polyaromatic hydrocarbons to represent the graphene surface. Hydrogen atoms are concertedly chemisorped onto the surface of graphene models of different shapes (i.e., all-zigzag, all-armchair, zigzag-armchair mixed edges) and sizes (i.e., from 16-42 carbon atoms). The second-order Z-averaged perturbation theory (ZAPT2) method combined with Pople double and triple zeta basis sets are used for all calculations. It is found that both the net enthalpy change and the barrier height of graphene hydrogenation at graphene edges are lower than at their interior surfaces. While the thermodynamic product distribution is mainly determined by the remaining π-islands of functionalized graphenes (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2013, 15, 3725-3735), the kinetics of the reaction is primarily correlated with the localization of the electrostatic potential of the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buu Q Pham
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
| | - Mark S Gordon
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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16
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Ghadari R. A study on the interactions of amino acids with nitrogen doped graphene; docking, MD simulation, and QM/MM studies. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4352-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06734k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The binding properties of twenty amino acids with nitrogen-doped graphene structures were studied using docking, MD simulation, and QM/MM methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahim Ghadari
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- 51664 Tabriz
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17
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Gupta RK, Kumar V, Srivastava A, Pandey DS. Dipyrrin complex assisted in situ synthesis of ultra-small gold nanoparticles decorated on a partially reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for efficient catalytic reduction of Cr(vi) to Cr(iii). RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra03835b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Applicability of a novel heteroleptic dipyrrin complex exhibiting dual functionality (reducing and capping agent) in rapid synthesis of small sized AuNPs has been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Department of Physics
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
| | - Daya Shankar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry
- Institute of Science
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221 005
- India
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18
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Das AK, Layek RK, Kim NH, Jung D, Lee JH. Reduced graphene oxide (RGO)-supported NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles: an electrocatalyst for methanol oxidation. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:10657-65. [PMID: 25089926 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr02370f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of cheap, highly active, and durable non-platinum (Pt)-based electrocatalysts for methanol electrooxidation is highly desirable, but is a challenging task. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of a hydrothermally synthesized NiCo₂O₄-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) composite as an electrocatalyst for the electrochemical oxidation of methanol in alkaline pH. The physicochemical properties of the NiCo₂O₄-RGO composite were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The physical characterization methods confirm the deposition of NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles on the RGO surface. The TEM image shows that the NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles with an average size of ∼10 nm are distributed over the RGO surface. Compared to RGO and NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles, the NiCo₂O₄-RGO-based electrode shows excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol in alkaline pH. On the NiCo₂O₄-RGO-based electrode, the oxidation of methanol occurs at ∼0.6 V with a higher catalytic current density, and the response is highly stable. The excellent electrocatalytic activity of the NiCo₂O₄-RGO composite is attributed to the synergistic effects between the NiCo₂O₄ nanoparticles and RGO. Since the NiCo₂O₄-RGO composite shows a highly stable response during methanol oxidation reaction, it is a very promising material to be used as an electrocatalyst in the development of high performance non-Pt based alkaline fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Das
- Applied Materials Institute for BIN Convergence (BK Plus Global Team), Department of BIN Fusion Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 561-756, Republic of Korea.
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19
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20
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Yin D, Lu N, Li Z, Yang J. A computational infrared spectroscopic study of graphene oxide. J Chem Phys 2014; 139:084704. [PMID: 24007026 DOI: 10.1063/1.4818539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is an important means to study the atomic structure of graphene oxide (GO). In this study, computational simulations of GO IR spectra are carried out. The widely accepted Lerf model gives most experimental IR characteristics correctly except the strong C=O stretching peak. This is a result of the absence of carbonyl groups in the interior part of GO. Defects or small oxidative debris should thus be introduced into GO models to accommodate more carbonyl groups. Unfortunately, even for those with defects or oxidative debris included, most previous models in the literature still fail to give a correct IR response. Actually, the C=O stretching frequency is found to be very sensitive to local chemical environment. Therefore, to introduce defects or oxidative debris into GO models, certain constrains apply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Yin
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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21
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Wahiduzzaman M, Oliveira AF, Philipsen P, Zhechkov L, van Lenthe E, Witek HA, Heine T. DFTB Parameters for the Periodic Table: Part 1, Electronic Structure. J Chem Theory Comput 2013; 9:4006-17. [DOI: 10.1021/ct4004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Wahiduzzaman
- School of
Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen,
Germany
- Scientific Computing & Modelling NV, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Augusto F. Oliveira
- School of
Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen,
Germany
- Scientific Computing & Modelling NV, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pier Philipsen
- Scientific Computing & Modelling NV, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lyuben Zhechkov
- School of
Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen,
Germany
| | - Erik van Lenthe
- Scientific Computing & Modelling NV, Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henryk A. Witek
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Heine
- School of
Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen,
Germany
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22
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Haghighi B, Tabrizi MA. Green-synthesis of reduced graphene oxide nanosheets using rose water and a survey on their characteristics and applications. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40856f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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