1
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Ning A, Zhong J, Li L, Li H, Liu J, Liu L, Liang Y, Li J, Zhang X, Francisco JS, He H. Chemical Implications of Rapid Reactive Absorption of I 2O 4 at the Air-Water Interface. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10817-10825. [PMID: 37133920 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c01862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Marine aerosol formation involving iodine-bearing species significantly affects the global climate and radiation balance. Although recent studies outline the critical role of iodine oxide in nucleation, much less is known about its contribution to aerosol growth. This paper presents molecular-level evidence that the air-water interfacial reaction of I2O4 mediated by potent atmospheric chemicals, such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and amines [e.g., dimethylamine (DMA) and trimethylamine (TMA)], can occur rapidly on a picosecond time scale by Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations. The interfacial water bridges the reactants while facilitating the DMA-mediated proton transfer and stabilizing the ionic products of H2SO4-involved reactions. The identified heterogeneous mechanisms exhibit the dual contribution to aerosol growth: (i) the ionic products (e.g., IO3-, DMAH+, TMAH+, and HSO4-) formed by reactive adsorption possess less volatility than the reactants and (ii) these ions, such as alkylammonium salts (e.g., DMAH+), are also highly hydrophilic, further facilitating hygroscopic growth. This investigation enhances not only our understanding of heterogeneous iodine chemistry but also the impact of iodine oxide on aerosol growth. Also, these findings can bridge the gap between the abundance of I2O4 in the laboratory and its absence in field-collected aerosols and provide an explanation for the missing source of IO3-, HSO4-, and DMAH+ in marine aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Ning
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Liwen Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiarong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, Ministry of Education of China, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6316, United States
| | - Hong He
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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2
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Study of the stability of iodine oxides (IxOy) aerosols in severe accident conditions. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anucene.2022.109526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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3
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Frederiks NC, Heaney DD, Kreinbihl JJ, Johnson CJ. The Competition between Hydrogen, Halogen, and Covalent Bonding in Atmospherically Relevant Ammonium Iodate Clusters. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1165-1175. [PMID: 36595580 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c10841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Iodine-containing clusters are expected to be central to new particle formation (NPF) events in polar and midlatitude coastal regions. Iodine oxoacids and iodine oxides are observed in newly formed clusters, and in more polluted midlatitude settings, theoretical studies suggest ammonia may increase growth rates. Structural information was obtained via infrared (IR) spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations for a series of clusters containing ammonia, iodic acid, and iodine pentoxide. Structures for five of the smallest cationic clusters present in the mass spectrum were identified, and four of the structures were found to preferentially form halogen and/or covalent bonds over hydrogen bonds. Ammonia is important in proton transfer from iodic acid components and also provides a scaffold to template the formation of a halogen and covalent bonded backbone. The calculations executed for the two largest clusters studied suggested the formation of a covalent I3O8- anion within the clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline C Frederiks
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Danika D Heaney
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - John J Kreinbihl
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
| | - Christopher J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd., Stony Brook, New York11794, United States
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4
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The gas-phase formation mechanism of iodic acid as an atmospheric aerosol source. Nat Chem 2023; 15:129-135. [PMID: 36376388 PMCID: PMC9836935 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-022-01067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is a reactive trace element in atmospheric chemistry that destroys ozone and nucleates particles. Iodine emissions have tripled since 1950 and are projected to keep increasing with rising O3 surface concentrations. Although iodic acid (HIO3) is widespread and forms particles more efficiently than sulfuric acid, its gas-phase formation mechanism remains unresolved. Here, in CLOUD atmospheric simulation chamber experiments that generate iodine radicals at atmospherically relevant rates, we show that iodooxy hypoiodite, IOIO, is efficiently converted into HIO3 via reactions (R1) IOIO + O3 → IOIO4 and (R2) IOIO4 + H2O → HIO3 + HOI + (1)O2. The laboratory-derived reaction rate coefficients are corroborated by theory and shown to explain field observations of daytime HIO3 in the remote lower free troposphere. The mechanism provides a missing link between iodine sources and particle formation. Because particulate iodate is readily reduced, recycling iodine back into the gas phase, our results suggest a catalytic role of iodine in aerosol formation.
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5
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Wang L, Yan J, Saiz-Lopez A, Jiang B, Yue F, Yu X, Xie Z. Mixing state and distribution of iodine-containing particles in Arctic Ocean during summertime. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155030. [PMID: 35390390 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodine chemistry plays a key role in ozone destruction and new aerosol formation in the marine boundary layer (MBL), especially in polar regions. We investigated iodine-containing particles (0.2-2 μm) in the Arctic Ocean using a ship-based single particle aerosol mass spectrometer from July to August 2017. Seven main particle types were identified: dust, biomass combustion particles, sea salt, organic S, aromatics, hydrocarbon-like compounds, and amines. The number fraction of iodine-containing particles was higher inside the Arctic Circle (>65°N) than outside (55-65°N). According to the air mass back trajectories, the latitudinal distribution of iodine-containing particles can be mainly attributed to iodine emissions from the sea ice edge region. Diurnal trends were found, especially during the second half of cruise, with peak iodine-containing particle number fractions during low-light conditions and relatively low number fractions at midday. These results imply that solar radiation plays a significant role in modulating particulate iodine in the Arctic atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longquan Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jinpei Yan
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bei Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Fange Yue
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiawei Yu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhouqing Xie
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
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6
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R'Mili B, Strekowski RS, Temime-Roussel B, Wortham H, Monod A. Important effects of relative humidity on the formation processes of iodine oxide particles from CH 3I photo-oxidation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 433:128729. [PMID: 35405585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, laboratory chamber experiments of gas-phase methyl iodide photolysis in the presence of ozone at three relative humidity conditions were performed to study the formation and physico-chemical properties of iodine oxide particles. The obtained results revealed significant morphological changes of iodine oxide particles that were observed to depend on relative humidity. The formed iodine oxide particles under dry conditions were supposed to be agglomerates of fine hygroscopic crystals. On the other hand, a humid atmosphere was observed to favor the formation of isomeric, tetragonal and orthorhombic hygroscopic crystals potentially composed of HIO3 likely formed from progressive hydration of iodine oxide clusters. This process leads to a release of molecular iodine, I2, which may indicate a potential role of I2O4 in the particles' evolution processes. The obtained results on the iodine oxides' behavior are important to the nuclear power plant safety industry since many of the organic iodides that may be released during a major nuclear power-plant accident contain radioactive isotopes of iodine that are known to have lethal or toxic impacts on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badr R'Mili
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Anne Monod
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, LCE, Marseille, France.
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7
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Gómez Martín JC, Lewis TR, James AD, Saiz-Lopez A, Plane JMC. Insights into the Chemistry of Iodine New Particle Formation: The Role of Iodine Oxides and the Source of Iodic Acid. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:9240-9253. [PMID: 35604404 PMCID: PMC9164234 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Iodine chemistry
is an important driver of new particle formation
in the marine and polar boundary layers. There are, however, conflicting
views about how iodine gas-to-particle conversion proceeds. Laboratory
studies indicate that the photooxidation of iodine produces iodine
oxides (IxOy), which are well-known particle precursors. By contrast, nitrate
anion chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) observations in
field and environmental chamber studies have been interpreted as evidence
of a dominant role of iodic acid (HIO3) in iodine-driven
particle formation. Here, we report flow tube laboratory experiments
that solve these discrepancies by showing that both IxOy and HIO3 are involved in atmospheric new particle formation. I2Oy molecules (y = 2,
3, and 4) react with nitrate core ions to generate mass spectra similar
to those obtained by CIMS, including the iodate anion. Iodine pentoxide
(I2O5) produced by photolysis of higher-order
IxOy is hydrolyzed,
likely by the water dimer, to yield HIO3, which also contributes
to the iodate anion signal. We estimate that ∼50% of the iodate
anion signals observed by nitrate CIMS under atmospheric water vapor
concentrations originate from I2Oy. Under such conditions, iodine-containing clusters and particles
are formed by aggregation of I2Oy and HIO3, while under dry laboratory conditions,
particle formation is driven exclusively by I2Oy. An updated mechanism for iodine gas-to-particle
conversion is provided. Furthermore, we propose that a key iodine
reservoir species such as iodine nitrate, which we observe as a product
of the reaction between iodine oxides and the nitrate anion, can also
be detected by CIMS in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas R Lewis
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain.,School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | | | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC, Serrano 119, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - John M C Plane
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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8
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Marzouk S, Ajili Y, Ben El Hadj Rhouma M, Ben Said R, Hochlaf M. Theoretical treatment of IO-X (X = N 2, CO, CO 2, H 2O) complexes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7203-7213. [PMID: 35266935 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine monoxide (IO) is an important component of the biogeochemical cycle of iodine. For instance, it is present in the troposphere, where it plays a crucial role in the physical chemical processes involving iodine containing compounds. Here, we present a theoretical study on a series of atmospherically relevant complexes of IO with N2, CO, CO2 and H2O, where their structural and spectroscopic properties and their interaction energies are computed. Calculations are carried out by means of ab initio post Hartree-Fock (RCCSD(T) and RMP2) methods and density functional theory DFT (PBE0 and M05-2X) based approaches with and without the inclusion of dispersion correction. After comparison to RCCSD(T), we highlight the good performance of M05-2X(+D3) DFT in describing the bonding between IO and X (X = N2, CO, CO2, H2O). Moreover, we found that the IO-X (X = N2, CO, CO2, H2O) complexes are formed by non-covalent interactions between the two monomers. In sum, we characterized two types of complexes: I-bonded and O-bonded, where the former is more stable. The atmospheric implications of the present findings are also discussed such as in the formation of the iodine oxide particles (IOPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marzouk
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia.,Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes 77454, Champs sur Marne, France.
| | - Y Ajili
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications - LSAMA, Université de Tunis-El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - M Ben El Hadj Rhouma
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
| | - R Ben Said
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, ArRass, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Hochlaf
- Université Gustave Eiffel, COSYS/LISIS, 5 Bd Descartes 77454, Champs sur Marne, France.
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9
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A gas-to-particle conversion mechanism helps to explain atmospheric particle formation through clustering of iodine oxides. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4521. [PMID: 32908140 PMCID: PMC7481236 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18252-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emitted from the oceans, iodine-bearing molecules are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and a source of new atmospheric aerosol particles of potentially global significance. However, its inclusion in atmospheric models is hindered by a lack of understanding of the first steps of the photochemical gas-to-particle conversion mechanism. Our laboratory results show that under a high humidity and low HOx regime, the recently proposed nucleating molecule (iodic acid, HOIO2) does not form rapidly enough, and gas-to-particle conversion proceeds by clustering of iodine oxides (IxOy), albeit at slower rates than under dryer conditions. Moreover, we show experimentally that gas-phase HOIO2 is not necessary for the formation of HOIO2-containing particles. These insights help to explain new particle formation in the relatively dry polar regions and, more generally, provide for the first time a thermochemically feasible molecular mechanism from ocean iodine emissions to atmospheric particles that is currently missing in model calculations of aerosol radiative forcing. “How iodine-bearing molecules contribute to atmospheric aerosol formation is not well understood. Here, the authors provide a new gas-to-particle conversion mechanism and show that clustering of iodine oxides is an essential component of this process while previously proposed iodic acid does not play a large role.”
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10
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Suliman S, Pitoňák M, Cernusak I, Louis F. On the applicability of the MP2.5 approximation for open-shell systems. Case study of atmospheric reactivity. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2020.112901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Kumar M, Trabelsi T, Gómez Martín JC, Saiz-Lopez A, Francisco JS. HIO x-IONO 2 Dynamics at the Air-Water Interface: Revealing the Existence of a Halogen Bond at the Atmospheric Aerosol Surface. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:12467-12477. [PMID: 32578419 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c05232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is enriched in marine aerosols, particularly in coastal mid-latitude atmospheric environments, where it initiates the formation of new aerosol particles with iodic acid (HIO3) composition. However, particle formation in polluted and semipolluted locations is inhibited when the iodine monoxide radical (IO) is intercepted by NO2 to form the iodine nitrate (IONO2). The primary fate of IONO2 is believed to be, besides photolysis, uptake by aerosol surfaces, leading to particulate iodine activation. Herein we have performed Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) simulations and gas-phase quantum chemical calculations to study the iodine acids-iodine nitrate [HIOx (x = 2 and 3)-IONO2] dynamics at the air-water interface modeled by a water droplet of 191 water molecules. The results indicate that IONO2 does not react directly with these iodine acids, but forms an unusual kind of interaction with them within a few picoseconds, which is characterized as halogen bonding. The halogen bond-driven HIO3-IONO2 complex at the air-water interface undergoes deprotonation and exists as IO3--IONO2 anion, whereas the HIO2-IONO2 complex does not exhibit any proton loss to the interfacial water molecules. The gas-phase quantum chemical calculations suggest that the HIO3-IONO2 and HIO2-IONO2 complexes have appreciable stabilization energies, which are significantly enhanced upon deprotonation of iodine acids, indicating that these halogen bonds are fairly stable. These IONO2-induced halogen bonds explain the rapid loss of IONO2 to background aerosol. Moreover, they appear to work against iodide formation. Thus, they may play an important role in enhancing the amount of atmospherically nonrecyclable iodine (iodate) in marine aerosol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Tarek Trabelsi
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Gómez Martín
- Solar System Department, Andalusian Institute for Astrophysics, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate, Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science and Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6243, United States
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12
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Abstract
Oceanic emissions of iodine destroy ozone, modify oxidative capacity, and can form new particles in the troposphere. However, the impact of iodine in the stratosphere is highly uncertain due to the lack of previous quantitative measurements. Here, we report quantitative measurements of iodine monoxide radicals and particulate iodine (Iy,part) from aircraft in the stratosphere. These measurements support that 0.77 ± 0.10 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) total inorganic iodine (Iy) is injected to the stratosphere. These high Iy amounts are indicative of active iodine recycling on ice in the upper troposphere (UT), support the upper end of recent Iy estimates (0 to 0.8 pptv) by the World Meteorological Organization, and are incompatible with zero stratospheric iodine injection. Gas-phase iodine (Iy,gas) in the UT (0.67 ± 0.09 pptv) converts to Iy,part sharply near the tropopause. In the stratosphere, IO radicals remain detectable (0.06 ± 0.03 pptv), indicating persistent Iy,part recycling back to Iy,gas as a result of active multiphase chemistry. At the observed levels, iodine is responsible for 32% of the halogen-induced ozone loss (bromine 40%, chlorine 28%), due primarily to previously unconsidered heterogeneous chemistry. Anthropogenic (pollution) ozone has increased iodine emissions since preindustrial times (ca. factor of 3 since 1950) and could be partly responsible for the continued decrease of ozone in the lower stratosphere. Increasing iodine emissions have implications for ozone radiative forcing and possibly new particle formation near the tropopause.
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13
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Marzouk S, Ajili Y, Lique F, Ben El Hadj Rhouma M, Al Mogren MM, Hochlaf M. IO(X 2Π)-Ar cluster: ab initio potential energy surface and dynamical computations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:740-747. [PMID: 31833508 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05310g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Iodine oxide (IO) is an important tropospheric molecule. In the present paper, we mapped the potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the doubly degenerate IO(X2Π)-Ar van der Waals system using single- and double-excitation coupled cluster approaches with non-iterative perturbation treatment of triple excitations [RCCSD(T)] extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. In addition to bent local minima, we identified a linear Ar-IO complex as a global minimum. Afterwards, we performed scattering calculations on these PESs, considering the non-zero spin-orbit contribution and the Renner-Teller effect. The integral cross-sections exhibit an oscillatory structure vs. the final rotational state, as already observed for the NO(X2Π)-Ar system. Moreover, computations reveal that the Ar-IO complex is stable toward dissociation into IO and Ar. Therefore, it can be found in the atmosphere and participates in iodine compound physical chemical processes occurring there.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Marzouk
- Laboratoire de Recherche d'Etude des Milieux Ionisés et Réactifs (EMIR), Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Monastir, Université de Monastir, Tunisia
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14
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Kim K, Ju J, Kim B, Chung HY, Vetráková L, Heger D, Saiz-Lopez A, Choi W, Kim J. Nitrite-Induced Activation of Iodate into Molecular Iodine in Frozen Solution. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:4892-4900. [PMID: 30916540 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new mechanism for the abiotic production of molecular iodine (I2) from iodate (IO3-), which is the most abundant iodine species, in dark conditions was identified and investigated. The production of I2 in aqueous solution containing IO3- and nitrite (NO2-) at 25 °C was negligible. However, the redox chemical reaction between IO3- and NO2- rapidly proceeded in frozen solution at -20 °C, which resulted in the production of I2, I-, and NO3-. The rapid redox chemical reaction between IO3- and NO2- in frozen solution is ascribed to the accumulation of IO3-, NO2-, and protons in the liquid regions between ice crystals during freezing (freeze concentration effect). This freeze concentration effect was verified by confocal Raman microscopy for the solute concentration and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy with cresol red (acid-base indicator) for the proton concentration. The freezing-induced production of I2 in the presence of IO3- and NO2- was observed under various conditions, which suggests this abiotic process for I2 production is not restricted to a specific region and occurs in many cold regions. NO2--induced activation of IO3- to I2 in frozen solution may help explain why the measured values of iodine are larger than the modeled values in some polar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) , Incheon 21990 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Incheon 21990 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjung Ju
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Gangwon-do 24252 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) , Incheon 21990 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Incheon 21990 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Young Chung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) , Incheon 21990 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Polar Sciences , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Incheon 21990 , Republic of Korea
| | - L'ubica Vetráková
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Faculty of Science , Masaryk University , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate , Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano, CSIC , Madrid 28006 , Spain
| | - Wonyong Choi
- Division of Environmental Science and Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Biotechnology , Hallym University , Chuncheon , Gangwon-do 24252 , Republic of Korea
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15
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Kumar M, Saiz-Lopez A, Francisco JS. Single-Molecule Catalysis Revealed: Elucidating the Mechanistic Framework for the Formation and Growth of Atmospheric Iodine Oxide Aerosols in Gas-Phase and Aqueous Surface Environments. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:14704-14716. [PMID: 30338993 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b07441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Iodine oxide aerosols are ubiquitous in many coastal atmospheric environments. However, the exact mechanism responsible for their homogeneous nucleation and subsequent cluster growth remains to be fully established. Using quantum chemical calculations, we propose a new mechanistic framework for the formation and subsequent growth of iodine oxide aerosols, which takes advantage of noncovalent interactions between iodine oxides (I2O5 and I2O4) and iodine acids (HIO3 and HIO2). Larger iodine oxide clusters are suggested to be formed in a facile manner and with enhanced exothermicity. The newly proposed mechanisms follow both concerted and stepwise pathways. In all these new chemistries, an O:I ratio of 2-2.5 is predicted, which satisfies an experimentally derived criterion recently proposed for identifying iodine oxides involved in atmospheric aerosol formation. Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations at the air-water interface suggest that I2O5 and I4O10, which are two of the most common nucleating iodine oxides, react with interfacial water on the picosecond time scale and result in novel nucleating species such as H2I2O6 and HI4O11- or I3O8. An important implication of these simulation results is that aqueous surfaces, which are ubiquitous in the atmosphere, may activate iodine oxides to result in a new class of nucleating compounds, which can form mixed aerosol particles with potent precursors, such as HIO3 or H2SO4, in marine air masses via typical acid-based interactions. Overall, these results give a better understanding of iodine-rich aerosols in diverse environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
| | - Alfonso Saiz-Lopez
- Department of Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate , Institute of Physical Chemistry Rocasolano , CSIC, Madrid , Spain , 28006
| | - Joseph S Francisco
- Department of Chemistry , University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln , Nebraska 68588 , United States.,Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , Pennsylvania 19104 , United States
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16
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Teiwes R, Elm J, Handrup K, Jensen EP, Bilde M, Pedersen HB. Atmospheric chemistry of iodine anions: elementary reactions of I−, IO−, and IO2− with ozone studied in the gas-phase at 300 K using an ion trap. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28606-28615. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05721d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using a radio-frequency ion trap to study ion–molecule reactions under isolated conditions, we report a direct experimental determination of reaction rate constants for the sequential oxidation of iodine anions by ozone at room temperature (300 K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Teiwes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jonas Elm
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Karsten Handrup
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Ellen P. Jensen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Merete Bilde
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Henrik B. Pedersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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17
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18
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Khanniche S, Louis F, Cantrel L, Černušák I. A theoretical study of the microhydration of iodic acid (HOIO2). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Gálvez Ó, Baeza-Romero MT, Sanz M, Pacios LF. A theoretical study on the reaction of ozone with aqueous iodide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:7651-60. [PMID: 26906609 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp06440f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric iodine chemistry plays a key role in tropospheric ozone catalytic destruction, new particle formation, and as one of the possible sinks of gaseous polar elemental mercury. Moreover, it has been recently proposed that reaction of ozone with iodide on the sea surface could be the major contributor to the chemical loss of atmospheric ozone. However, the mechanism of the reaction between aqueous iodide and ozone is not well known. The aim of this paper is to improve the understanding of such a mechanism. In this paper, an ab initio study of the reaction of aqueous iodide and ozone is presented, evaluating thermodynamic data of the different reactions proposed in previous experimental studies. In addition, the structures, energetics and possible evolution of the key IOOO(-) intermediate are discussed for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Gálvez
- Departamento de Física Molecular, Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Baeza-Romero
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Mikel Sanz
- Escuela de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Luis F Pacios
- Unidad de Química, Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, E.T.S.I. Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Khanniche S, Louis F, Cantrel L, Černušák I. A Density Functional Theory and ab Initio Investigation of the Oxidation Reaction of CO by IO Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1737-49. [PMID: 26908233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To get an insight into the possible reactivity between iodine oxides and CO, a first step was to study the thermochemical properties and kinetic parameters of the reaction between IO and CO using theoretical chemistry tools. All stationary points involved were optimized using the Becke's three-parameter hybrid exchange functional coupled with the Lee-Yang-Parr nonlocal correlation functional (B3LYP) and the Møller-Plesset second-order perturbation theory (MP2). Single-point energy calculations were performed using the coupled cluster theory with the iterative inclusion of singles and doubles and the perturbative estimation for triple excitations (CCSD(T)) and the aug-cc-pVnZ (n = T, Q, and 5) basis sets on geometries previously optimized at the aug-cc-pVTZ level. The energetics was then recalculated using the one-component DK-CCSD(T) approach with the relativistic ANO basis sets. The spin-orbit coupling for the iodine containing species was calculated a posteriori using the restricted active space state interaction method in conjunction with the multiconfigurational perturbation theory (CASPT2/RASSI) employing the complete active space (CASSCF) wave function as the reference. The CCSD(T) energies were also corrected for BSSE for molecular complexes and refined with the extrapolation to CBS limit while the DK-CCSD(T) values were refined with the extrapolation to FCI. The exploration of the potential energy surface revealed a two-steps mechanism with a trans and a cis pathway. The rate constants for the direct and complex mechanism were computed as a function of temperature (250-2500 K) using the canonical transition state theory. The three-parameter Arrhenius expressions obtained for the direct and indirect mechanism at the DK-CCSD(T)-cf level of theory is 1.49 × 10(-17) × T(1.77) exp(-47.4 (kJ mol(-1))/RT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Khanniche
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche Commun IRSN-CNRS-Lille1 "Cinétique Chimique, Combustion, Réactivité″ (C3R), Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, 13115, France
| | - Florent Louis
- University Lille, CNRS, UMR 8522-PC2A, PhysicoChimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, F-59000 Lille, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche Commun IRSN-CNRS-Lille1 "Cinétique Chimique, Combustion, Réactivité″ (C3R), Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, 13115, France
| | - Laurent Cantrel
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PSN-RES, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, 13115, France.,Laboratoire de Recherche Commun IRSN-CNRS-Lille1 "Cinétique Chimique, Combustion, Réactivité″ (C3R), Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, 13115, France
| | - Ivan Černušák
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava , Mlynská dolina CH1, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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21
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Gómez Martín JC, Gálvez O, Baeza-Romero MT, Ingham T, Plane JMC, Blitz MA. On the mechanism of iodine oxide particle formation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:15612-22. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51217g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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