1
|
Quinson J. Osmium and OsO x nanoparticles: an overview of syntheses and applications. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2022; 2:39. [PMID: 37645302 PMCID: PMC10446100 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.14595.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Precious metal nanoparticles are key for a range of applications ranging from catalysis and sensing to medicine. While gold (Au), silver (Ag), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd) or ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles have been widely studied, other precious metals are less investigated. Osmium (Os) is one of the least studied of the precious metals. However, Os nanoparticles are interesting materials since they present unique features compared to other precious metals and Os nanomaterials have been reported to be useful for a range of applications, catalysis or sensing for instance. With the increasing availability of advanced characterization techniques, investigating the properties of relatively small Os nanoparticles and clusters has become easier and it can be expected that our knowledge on Os nanomaterials will increase in the coming years. This review aims to give an overview on Os and Os oxide materials syntheses and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Quinson
- Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Karimadom BR, Varshney S, Zidki T, Meyerstein D, Kornweitz H. DFT Study of the BH4- Hydrolysis on Au(111) Surface. Chemphyschem 2022; 23:e202200069. [PMID: 35403783 PMCID: PMC9400865 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202200069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the catalytic hydrolysis of BH4− on Au(111) as studied by DFT is reported. The results are compared to the analogous process on Ag(111) that was recently reported. It is found that the borohydride species are adsorbed stronger on the Au0‐NP surface than on the Ag0‐NP surface. The electron affinity of the Au is larger than that of Ag. The results indicate that only two steps of hydrolysis are happening on the Au(111) surface and the reaction mechanism differs significantly from that on the Ag(111) surface. These remarkable results were experimentally verified. Upon hydrolysis, only three hydrogens of BH4− are transferred to the Au surface, not all four, and H2 generation is enhanced in the presence of surface H atoms. Thus, it is proposed that the BH4− hydrolysis and reduction mechanisms catalyzed by M0‐NPs depend considerably on the nature of the metal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haya Kornweitz
- Ariel University, Chemical Sciences, Department of Chemical Sciences Ariel University Israel, 40700, Ariel, ISRAEL
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Juelsholt M, Quinson J, Kjær ETS, Wang B, Pittkowski R, Cooper SR, Kinnibrugh TL, Simonsen SB, Theil Kuhn L, Escudero-Escribano M, Jensen KMØ. Surfactant-free syntheses and pair distribution function analysis of osmium nanoparticles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 13:230-235. [PMID: 35281627 PMCID: PMC8895034 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.13.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A surfactant-free synthesis of precious metal nanoparticles (NPs) performed in alkaline low-boiling-point solvents has been recently reported. Monoalcohols are here investigated as solvents and reducing agents to obtain colloidal Os nanoparticles by using low-temperature (<100 °C) surfactant-free syntheses. The effect of the precursor (OsCl3 or H2OsCl6), precursor concentration (up to 100 mM), solvent (methanol or ethanol), presence or absence of a base (NaOH), and addition of water (0 to 100 vol %) on the resulting nanomaterials is discussed. It is found that no base is required to obtain Os nanoparticles as opposed to the case of Pt or Ir NPs. The robustness of the synthesis for a precursor concentration up to 100 mM allows for the performance of X-ray total scattering with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis, which shows that 1-2 nm hexagonal close packed (hcp) NPs are formed from chain-like [OsO x Cl y ] complexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Juelsholt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jonathan Quinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Emil T S Kjær
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Baiyu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Rebecca Pittkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Susan R Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Tiffany L Kinnibrugh
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, 9700 S Cass Ave, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Søren B Simonsen
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs., Denmark
| | - Luise Theil Kuhn
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Fysikvej Bldg. 310, Lyngby, DK-2800 Kgs., Denmark
| | - María Escudero-Escribano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Kirsten M Ø Jensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, 5 Universitetsparken, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Escaño MCS, Arevalo RL, Gyenge E, Kasai H. Electrocatalysis of borohydride oxidation: a review of density functional theory approach combined with experimental validation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:353001. [PMID: 25110306 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/35/353001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The electrocatalysis of borohydride oxidation is a complex, up-to-eight-electron transfer process, which is essential for development of efficient direct borohydride fuel cells. Here we review the progress achieved by density functional theory (DFT) calculations in explaining the adsorption of BH4(-) on various catalyst surfaces, with implications for electrocatalyst screening and selection. Wherever possible, we correlate the theoretical predictions with experimental findings, in order to validate the proposed models and to identify potential directions for further advancements.
Collapse
|