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Hupfer ML, Meyer R, Deckert-Gaudig T, Ghosh S, Skabeev A, Peneva K, Deckert V, Dietzek B, Presselt M. Supramolecular Reorientation During Deposition Onto Metal Surfaces of Quasi-Two-Dimensional Langmuir Monolayers Composed of Bifunctional Amphiphilic, Twisted Perylenes. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:11018-11026. [PMID: 34506143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular dye structures, which are often ruled by π-π interactions between planar chromophores, crucially determine the optoelectronic properties of layers and interfaces. Here, we present the interfacial assembly of perylene monoanhydride and monoimide that do not feature a planar chromophore but contain chlorine substituents in the bay positions to yield twisted chromophores and hence modified π-stacking. The assembly of the twisted perylene monoanhydride and monoimide is driven by their amphiphilicity that ensures proper Langmuir layer formation. The shielding of the hydrophilic segment upon attaching an alkyl chain to the imide moiety yielded a more rigid Langmuir layer, even though the degrees of freedom were increased due to this modification. For the characterization of the Langmuir layer's supramolecular structure, the layers were deposited onto glass, silver, and gold substrates via Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) and Langmuir-Schaefer (LS) techniques and were investigated with atomic force microscopy and surface-enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERRS). From the similarity between all SERR spectra of the LS and LB layers, we concluded that the perylenes have changed their orientation upon LB deposition to bind to the silver surface of the SERRS substrate via sulfur atoms. In the Langmuir layer, the perylenes, which are π-stacked with half of the twisted chromophores, must already be inclined and cannot achieve full parallel alignment because of the twisting-induced steric hindrance. However, upon rotation, the energetically most favorable antiparallel aligned structures can be formed and bind to the SERRS substrate. Thus, we present, to the best of our knowledge, the first fabrication of quasi-two-dimensional films from twisted amphiphilic perylene monoimides and their reassembly during LB deposition. The relation between the molecular structure, supramolecular interfacial assembly, and its adoption during adsorption revealed here is crucial for the fabrication of defined functionalizations of metal surfaces, which is key to the development of organic (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian L Hupfer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Meyer
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tanja Deckert-Gaudig
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Soumik Ghosh
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Artem Skabeev
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kalina Peneva
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Volker Deckert
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-4242, United States
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Sciclus GmbH & Co. KG, Moritz-von-Rohr-Str. 1a, 07745 Jena, Germany
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Alekseev A, Yedrissov A, Hedley GJ, Ibraikulov O, Heiser T, Samuel IDW, Kharintsev S. Nanoscale mobility mapping in semiconducting polymer films. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 218:113081. [PMID: 32739754 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Local electrical properties of thin films of the polymer PTB7 are studied by conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM). Non-uniform nanoscale current distribution in the neat PTB7 film is revealed and connected with the existence of ordered PTB7 crystallites. The shape of local I-V curves is explained by the presence of space charge limited current. We modify an existing semi-empirical model for estimation of the nanoscale hole mobility from our experimental C-AFM measurements. The procedure of nanoscale charge mobility estimation was described and applied to the PTB7 films. The calculated average C-AFM hole mobility is in good agreement with macroscopic values reported for this material. Mapping of nanoscale hole mobility was achieved using the described procedure. Local mobility values, influenced by nanoscale structure, vary more than two times in value and have a root-mean-square value 0.22 × 10-8 m2/(Vs), which is almost 20% from average hole mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alekseev
- National Research University "MIET", Moscow, 124498, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia.
| | - A Yedrissov
- NLA, Nazarbayev University, 010000 Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - G J Hedley
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - O Ibraikulov
- Strasbourg University, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - T Heiser
- Strasbourg University, 67081, Strasbourg, France
| | - I D W Samuel
- University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
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Bonasera A, Giuliano G, Arrabito G, Pignataro B. Tackling Performance Challenges in Organic Photovoltaics: An Overview about Compatibilizers. Molecules 2020; 25:E2200. [PMID: 32397234 PMCID: PMC7248780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25092200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) based on Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) blends are a mature technology. Having started their intensive development two decades ago, their low cost, processability and flexibility rapidly funneled the interest of the scientific community, searching for new solutions to expand solar photovoltaics market and promote sustainable development. However, their robust implementation is hampered by some issues, concerning the choice of the donor/acceptor materials, the device thermal/photo-stability, and, last but not least, their morphology. Indeed, the morphological profile of BHJs has a strong impact over charge generation, collection, and recombination processes; control over nano/microstructural morphology would be desirable, aiming at finely tuning the device performance and overcoming those previously mentioned critical issues. The employ of compatibilizers has emerged as a promising, economically sustainable, and widely applicable approach for the donor/acceptor interface (D/A-I) optimization. Thus, improvements in the global performance of the devices can be achieved without making use of more complex architectures. Even though several materials have been deeply documented and reported as effective compatibilizing agents, scientific reports are quite fragmentary. Here we would like to offer a panoramic overview of the literature on compatibilizers, focusing on the progression documented in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelio Bonasera
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
- INSTM-Palermo Research Unit, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Giuliano
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Giuseppe Arrabito
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Department of Physics and Chemistry-Emilio Segrè, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.A.)
- INSTM-Palermo Research Unit, viale delle Scienze, bdg. 17, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Sartorio C, Giuliano G, Scopelliti M, Vetri V, Leone M, Pignataro B. Synergies and compromises between charge and energy transfers in three-component organic solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:8344-8352. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp00336k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In a three-component OSC, proper interface design is crucial to reaching the right balance between charge and energy transfer when both processes occur. Highly transparent devices can be built by thinning the active layer without affecting the PCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camillo Sartorio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Giuliana Giuliano
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
| | | | - Valeria Vetri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Maurizio Leone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
| | - Bruno Pignataro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Palermo
- Palermo
- Italy
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Kazak AV, Marchenkova MA, Dubinina TV, Smirnova AI, Tomilova LG, Rogachev AV, Chausov DN, Stsiapanau AA, Usol’tseva NV. Self-organization of octa-phenyl-2,3-naphthalocyaninato zinc floating layers. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj06041c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Formation of thin-film nanomaterials, promising for nanoelectronic applications, with a given structure based on octa-phenyl-2,3-naphthalocyaninato zinc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Kazak
- Nanomaterials Research Institute
- Ivanovo State University
- Ivanovo
- Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences
| | - M. A. Marchenkova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Center “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences
- Moscow
- Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
- Moscow
| | - T. V. Dubinina
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
- Institiute of Physiologically Active Compounds
| | - A. I. Smirnova
- Nanomaterials Research Institute
- Ivanovo State University
- Ivanovo
- Russia
| | - L. G. Tomilova
- Department of Chemistry
- Lomonosov Moscow State University
- Moscow
- Russia
- Institiute of Physiologically Active Compounds
| | - A. V. Rogachev
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”
- Moscow
- Russia
- Moscow Institute of Electronics and Mathematics National Research University Higher School of Economics
- Moscow
| | - D. N. Chausov
- Moscow Region State University
- Mytishi
- Russia
- National University of Science and Technology “MISIS”
- Moscow
| | - A. A. Stsiapanau
- Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics
- Minsk
- Belarus
| | - N. V. Usol’tseva
- Nanomaterials Research Institute
- Ivanovo State University
- Ivanovo
- Russia
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Cataldo S, Weckhuysen BM, Pettignano A, Pignataro B. Multi-doped Brookite-Prevalent TiO2 Photocatalyst with Enhanced Activity in the Visible Light. Catal Letters 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-018-2463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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All solution-processed micro-structured flexible electrodes for low-cost light-emitting pressure sensors fabrication. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6921. [PMID: 28761143 PMCID: PMC5537286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07284-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the advantage of developing pressure-sensitive devices with light-emitting properties for direct visualization of pressure distribution, potential application to next generation touch panels and human-machine interfaces. To ensure that this technology is available to everyone, its production cost should be kept as low as possible. Here, simple device concepts, namely, pressure sensitive flexible hybrid electrodes and OLED architecture, are used to produce low-cost resistive or light-emitting pressure sensors. Additionally, integrating solution-processed self-assembled micro-structures into the flexible hybrid electrodes composed of an elastomer and conductive materials results in enhanced device performances either in terms of pressure or spatial distribution sensitivity. For instance, based on the pressure applied, the measured values for the resistances of pressure sensors range from a few MΩ down to 500 Ω. On the other hand, unlike their evaporated equivalents, the combination of solution-processed flexible electrodes with an inverted OLED architectures display bright green emission when a pressure over 200 kPa is applied. At a bias of 3 V, their luminance can be tuned by applying a higher pressure of 500 kPa. Consequently, features such as fingernails and fingertips can be clearly distinguished from one another in these long-lasting low-cost devices.
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Nakano K, Tajima K. Organic Planar Heterojunctions: From Models for Interfaces in Bulk Heterojunctions to High-Performance Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603269. [PMID: 27885716 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress regarding planar heterojunctions (PHJs) is reviewed, with respect to the fundamental understanding of the photophysical processes at the donor/acceptor interfaces in organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs). The current state of OPV research is summarized and the advantages of PHJs as models for exploring the relationship between organic interfaces and device characteristics described. The preparation methods and the characterization of PHJ structures to provide key points for the appropriate handling of PHJs. Next, we describe the effects of the donor/acceptor interface on each photoelectric conversion process are reviewed by examining various PHJ systems to clarify what is currently known and not known. Finally, it is discussed how we the knowledge obtained by studies of PHJs can be used to overcome the current limits of OPV efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyohei Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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Zawodzki M, Resel R, Sferrazza M, Kettner O, Friedel B. Interfacial Morphology and Effects on Device Performance of Organic Bilayer Heterojunction Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:16161-16168. [PMID: 26151720 PMCID: PMC4528257 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The effects of interface roughness between donor and acceptor in a bilayer heterojunction solar cell were investigated on a polymer-polymer system based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and poly(dioctylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT). Both polymers are known to reorganize into semicrystalline structures when heated above their glass-transition temperature. Here, the bilayers were thermally annealed below glass transition of the bulk polymers (≈140 °C) at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110 °C for time periods from 2 min up to 250 min. No change of crystallinity could be observed at those temperatures. However, X-ray reflectivity and device characteristics reveal a coherent trend upon heat treatment. In X-ray reflectivity investigations, an increasing interface roughness between the two polymers is observed as a function of temperature and annealing time, up to a value of 1 nm. Simultaneously, according bilayer devices show an up to 80% increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE) for short annealing periods at any of the mentioned temperatures. Together, this is in agreement with the expectations for enlargement of the interfacial area. However, for longer annealing times, a decrease of PCE is observed, despite the ongoing increase of interface roughness. The onset of decreasing PCE shifts to shorter durations the higher the annealing temperature. Both, X-ray reflectivity and device characteristics display a significant change at temperatures below the glass transition temperatures of P3HT and F8BT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zawodzki
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
| | - Roland Resel
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
| | - Michele Sferrazza
- Département
de Physique, Université Libre de
Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivia Kettner
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
| | - Bettina Friedel
- Institute of Solid
State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Styria 8010, Austria
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