1
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Wolff N, Prymak O, Białas N, Schaller T, Loza K, Niemeyer F, Heggen M, Weidenthaler C, Oliveira CLP, Epple M. Conversion of Ultrasmall Glutathione-Coated Silver Nanoparticles during Dispersion in Water into Ultrasmall Silver Sulfide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1449. [PMID: 39269111 PMCID: PMC11397201 DOI: 10.3390/nano14171449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Ultrasmall silver nanoparticles (2 nm) were prepared by reduction with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) and stabilized by the ligand glutathione (a tripeptide: glycine-cysteine-glutamic acid). NMR spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy (UV and fluorescence) revealed that these particles initially consist of silver nanoparticles and fluorescing silver nanoclusters, both stabilized by glutathione. Over time, the silver nanoclusters disappear and only the silver nanoparticles remain. Furthermore, the capping ligand glutathione eliminates hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from the central cysteine and is released from the nanoparticle surface as tripeptide glycine-dehydroalanine-glutamic acid. Hydrogen sulfide reacts with the silver core to form silver sulfide. After four weeks in dispersion at 4 °C, this process is completed. These processes cannot be detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), or differential centrifugal sedimentation (DCS) as these methods cannot resolve the mixture of nanoparticles and nanoclusters or the nature of the nanoparticle core. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed the mostly oxidized state of the silver nanoparticle core, Ag(+I), both in freshly prepared and in aged silver nanoparticles. These results demonstrate that ultrasmall nanoparticles can undergo unnoticed changes that considerably affect their chemical, physical, and biological properties. In particular, freshly prepared ultrasmall silver nanoparticles are much more toxic against cells and bacteria than aged particles because of the presence of the silver clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Wolff
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Nataniel Białas
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Torsten Schaller
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Felix Niemeyer
- Organic Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Heggen
- Ernst Ruska Centre for Microscopy and Spectroscopy with Electrons, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitaetsstr. 5-7, 45117 Essen, Germany
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2
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Gong FQ, Liu YP, Wang Y, E W, Tian ZQ, Cheng J. Machine Learning Molecular Dynamics Shows Anomalous Entropic Effect on Catalysis through Surface Pre-melting of Nanoclusters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405379. [PMID: 38639181 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to the superior catalytic activity and efficient utilization of noble metals, nanocatalysts are extensively used in the modern industrial production of chemicals. The surface structures of these materials are significantly influenced by reactive adsorbates, leading to dynamic behavior under experimental conditions. The dynamic nature poses significant challenges in studying the structure-activity relations of catalysts. Herein, we unveil an anomalous entropic effect on catalysis via surface pre-melting of nanoclusters through machine learning accelerated molecular dynamics and free energy calculation. We find that due to the pre-melting of shell atoms, there exists a non-linear variation in the catalytic activity of the nanoclusters with temperature. Consequently, two notable changes in catalyst activity occur at the respective temperatures of melting for the shell and core atoms. We further study the nanoclusters with surface point defects, i.e. vacancy and ad-atom, and observe significant decrease in the surface melting temperatures of the nanoclusters, enabling the reaction to take place under more favorable and milder conditions. These findings not only provide novel insights into dynamic catalysis of nanoclusters but also offer new understanding of the role of point defects in catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Qiang Gong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun-Pei Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Weinan E
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, Center for Machine Learning Research, Beijing, 100084, China
- AI for Science Institute, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zhong-Qun Tian
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Laboratory of AI for Electrochemistry (AI4EC), Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Laboratory of AI for Electrochemistry (AI4EC), Tan Kah Kee Innovation Laboratory (IKKEM), Xiamen, 361005, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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3
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Packirisamy V, Pandurangan P. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: a versatile tool for the separation of nanoclusters. Biotechniques 2023; 74:51-62. [PMID: 36517970 PMCID: PMC9887536 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atomically precise nanoclusters comprising 1-100 atoms have emerged as a new class of nanomaterials with intriguing size-dependent physicochemical properties. The significant changes in the properties of nanoclusters were observed in tailoring the number of metal atoms and ligands that determines their functions and applicability. Since 1990, thiolated gold nanoclusters have been studied. The separation of monodispersed clusters was crucial and time-consuming. To address these shortcomings, several separation techniques have made it possible to separate the series of metal nanoclusters with a precise composition of metals and ligands. Among these techniques, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was utilized for hydrophilic cluster separation. This review shall focus on the principle, operation and application of the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis technique to encourage a greater understanding of the characteristics and usefulness of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Packirisamy
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
| | - Prabhu Pandurangan
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Science, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India,Author for correspondence:
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Zaker Y, Bhattarai B, Brewer TR, Bigioni TP. The Role of Oxidation during the Synthesis of Silver-Glutathione Monolayer-Protected Clusters. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2005663. [PMID: 33559268 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202005663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of metal monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) is still not well understood. It was recently shown that the mechanism of MPC formation involves sequential growth, wherein small MPCs form first and then grow into progressively larger sizes. The sequential growth model does not entirely explain all experimental observations, however. For example, the evolution of MPC product sizes is found to be a non-monotonic function of reaction kinetics, whereas the sequential growth model predicts monotonic behavior. Size evolution of MPCs is studied during synthetic reactions for a wide range of kinetics and it is found that all syntheses began with the sequential growth of MPCs but also found that growth transitioned to degradation if reduction kinetics are fast enough to give way to ambient oxidation. It is identified that MPCs can degrade via oxidation during syntheses and in a manner that is opposite to sequential growth, namely by forming smaller known MPC species from larger MPC species. This sequential degradation process therefore played an important role in determining final MPC products for reactions with fast reduction kinetics. Together, complementary oxidative and reductive processes provide a more complete description of MPC synthesis as well as new tools for controlling metal MPC synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeakub Zaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Badri Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Timothy R Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Terry P Bigioni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- The School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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5
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Zaker Y, Ashenfelter BA, Bhattarai B, Diemler NA, Brewer TR, Bigioni TP. Sequential Growth as a Mechanism of Silver-Glutathione Monolayer-Protected Cluster Formation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2002238. [PMID: 32856366 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silver monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs) are an important new class of small metal nanoparticles with discrete sizes and unique properties that are eminently tunable; however, a fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of MPC formation is still lacking. Here, the basic mechanism by which silver-glutathione MPCs form is established by using real-time in situ optical measurements and ex situ solution-phase analyses to track MPC populations in the reaction mixture. These measurements identify that MPCs grow systematically, increasing in size sequentially as they transform from one known species to another, in contrast to existing models. In the new sequential growth model of MPC formation, the relative stability of each species in the series results in thermodynamic preferences for certain species as well as kinetic barriers to transformations between stable sizes. This model is shown to correctly predict the outcome of silver MPC synthetic reactions. Simple analytic expressions and simulations of rate equations are used to further validate the model and study its nature. The sequential growth model provides insights into how reactions may be directed, based on the interplay between relative MPC stabilities and reaction kinetics, providing tools for the synthesis of particular MPCs in high yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeakub Zaker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Brian A Ashenfelter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Badri Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Nathan A Diemler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Timothy R Brewer
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, 48197, USA
| | - Terry P Bigioni
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
- The School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
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6
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Li HS, Wei D, Zhao X, Ren X, Zhang D, Ju W. Thermal Stability of Ag 13- Clusters Studied by Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4325-4332. [PMID: 32390419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the geometric structures of silver clusters is of great importance in future nanotechnologies due to their superior properties. Nevertheless, some ground-state structures are still in academic debate, partly because the experiments and theoretical calculations are not performed at the same temperatures. For example, silver clusters usually have compact configurations. However, a combined experimental and theoretical study proposed that the most stable structure of Ag13- had a two-coordinated atom. By using the CALYPSO approach for the global minima search followed by first-principles calculations, we discovered that a more compact trilayer Ag13- cluster was the ground state, in accordance with another three works published recently. In addition, its O2 adsorption structure is also energetically favored. By tracing characteristic bond changes in ab initio molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we confirmed that, compared with other isomers, this trilayer structure and its O2 adsorption structure also had the highest thermal stability. This work emphasized the thermal stability concept in theoretical calculations, which may be a necessary supplement to explain the experimental observations on cluster science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Sheng Li
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, P. R. China
| | - Xingju Zhao
- Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Ren
- International Laboratory for Quantum Functional Materials of Henan, School of Physics and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City 471023, Henan Province, China
| | - Weiwei Ju
- School of Physics and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang City 471023, Henan Province, China
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7
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Negishi Y, Hashimoto S, Ebina A, Hamada K, Hossain S, Kawawaki T. Atomic-level separation of thiolate-protected metal clusters. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8017-8039. [PMID: 32207494 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00824a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fine metal clusters have attracted much attention from the viewpoints of both basic and applied science for many years because of their unique physical/chemical properties and functions, which differ from those of bulk metals. Among these materials, thiolate (SR)-protected gold clusters (Aun(SR)m clusters) have been the most studied metal clusters since 2000 because of their ease of synthesis and handling. However, in the early 2000s, it was not easy to isolate these metal clusters. Therefore, high-resolution separation methods were explored, and several atomic-level separation methods, including polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and thin-layer chromatography (TLC), were successively established. These techniques have made it possible to isolate a series of Aun(SR)m clusters, and much knowledge has been obtained on the correlation between the chemical composition and fundamental properties such as the stability, electronic structure, and physical properties of Aun(SR)m clusters. In addition, these high-resolution separation techniques are now also frequently used to evaluate the distribution of the product and to track the reaction process. In this way, high-resolution separation techniques have played an essential role in the study of Aun(SR)m clusters. However, only a few reviews have focused on this work. This review focuses on PAGE, HPLC, and TLC separation techniques, which offer high resolution and repeatability, and summarizes previous studies on the high-resolution separation of Aun(SR)m and related clusters with the purpose of promoting a better understanding of the features and the utility of these techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Negishi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University of Science, 1-3 Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8601, Japan.
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8
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Ramadurai M, Vinitha P, Prabhu P, Komathi S, Suresh Babu R. Size-Dependent Photoluminescence from Thiolate-Protected Water-Soluble Cobalt Nanoclusters. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Ramadurai
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - Packirisamy Vinitha
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - Pandurangan Prabhu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - ---Shanmugam Komathi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Madras, Guindy Campus; Chennai, Tamilnadu 600 025
| | - Rajendran Suresh Babu
- Laboratory of Experimental and Applied Physics; Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca; Rio de Janeiro 20271 110 Brazil
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9
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Bhattarai B, Zaker Y, Atnagulov A, Yoon B, Landman U, Bigioni TP. Chemistry and Structure of Silver Molecular Nanoparticles. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:3104-3113. [PMID: 30462479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.8b00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silver and gold molecular nanoparticles (mNPs) are a relatively new class of molecular materials of fundamental interest. They are high-nuclearity metal-organic compounds, with ligated metal cores, where the different character of bonding in the ligand shell and metal core gives rise to many of the unique properties of these materials. Research has primarily focused on gold mNPs, due to their good stability and the ease with which they may be synthesized and processed. To understand these materials as a general class, however, it will be necessary to broaden research efforts to other metals. Gold and silver are isoelectronic and have the same atomic radius, making the comparison of gold and silver mNPs attractive. The optical and chemical differences of the two metals provide useful contrasts, however, as well as a means to access a wider range of properties. In this Account, we focus on the synthesis, structure, and reactivity of silver mNPs. First, we review the origins and history of the field, from the ill-defined gas-phase metal clusters of the 1980s to the precisely defined mNPs of 1996 and onward. Next, we discuss the role of silver as a complement to gold mNPs in the effort to generalize lessons learned from either material and extend them into new metals. The synthesis of silver mNPs is covered in some detail, noting the choices made as the chemistry and the materials were developed. The importance of coordinating solvents and thermodynamic stability are also noted. The need to reduce solvent use is discussed and a new approach to achieving this goal is presented. Next, the structures of silver mNPs are discussed, including the Ag44 and Ag17 archetypes, and focusing on the successful de novo structure prediction of the latter. Structure and prediction of ligand shell motifs are also discussed. Finally, the postsynthetic chemistry and reactivity of silver mNPs are presented, including some of the first efforts to elucidate reaction mechanisms, beginning in 2012. Silver nanoparticles are gaining in popularity, particularly compared with gold, as the potential for silver to make a technological and economic impact is recognized. The superior optical properties of silver already make it a valuable material for plasmonics, but this may also translate to molecular species for nonlinear optics, sensors, and optoelectronics. The higher reactivity may also lead to a greater diversity of chemistry for silver compared to gold, including as an important broad-spectrum antimicrobial. Conversely, the "ultrastability" of the Ag44 archetype has already enabled unprecedented scale up with molecular precision, and may lead to the first industrial-scale production of metal mNPs. Clearly, silver mNPs are one of the most promising and significant new materials being studied today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badri Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Yeakub Zaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Aydar Atnagulov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Bokwon Yoon
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Terry P. Bigioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
- The School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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10
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Conn BE, Bhattarai B, Atnagulov A, Yoon B, Landman U, Bigioni TP. M4Au 12Ag 32( p-MBA) 30 ( M = Na, Cs) bimetallic monolayer-protected clusters: synthesis and structure. Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun 2018. [PMID: 30002900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b03372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Crystals of M4Au12Ag32(p-MBA)30 bimetallic monolayer-protected clusters (MPCs), where p-MBA is p-mercapto-benzoic acid and M+ is a counter-cation (M = Na, Cs) have been grown and their structure determined. The mol-ecular structure of triacontakis[(4-carboxylatophenyl)sulfanido]dodecagolddotriacontasilver, Au12Ag32(C7H5O2S)30 or C210H150Ag32Au12O60S30, exhib-its point group symmetry at 100 K. The overall diameter of the MPC is approximately 28 Å, while the diameter of the Au12Ag20 metallic core is 9 Å. The structure displays ligand bundling and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding, which gives rise to a framework structure with 52% solvent-filled void space. The positions of the M+ cations and the DMF solvent mol-ecules within the void space of the crystal could not be determined. Three out of the five crystallographically independent ligands in the asymmetric unit cell are disordered over two sets of sites. Comparisons are made to the all-silver M4Ag44(p-MBA)30 MPCs and to expectations based on density functional theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Conn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Badri Bhattarai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Aydar Atnagulov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
| | - Bokwon Yoon
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 0430, USA
| | - Uzi Landman
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332 0430, USA
| | - Terry P Bigioni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606, USA
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Kästner C, Saloga PEJ, Thünemann AF. Kinetic monitoring of glutathione-induced silver nanoparticle disintegration. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:11485-11490. [PMID: 29888371 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02369g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on etching of polyacrylic acid-stabilised silver nanoparticles in the presence of glutathione (GSH). The initial particles with a radius of 3.2 nm and consisting of ∼8100 silver atoms dissolve in a two-step reaction mechanism while in parallel smaller silver particles with a radius of 0.65 nm and consisting of 60 to 70 silver atoms were formed. The kinetics of the etching of the initial particles, accompanied by formation of smaller silver particles was interpreted based on in situ, time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kästner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Sakthivel NA, Stener M, Sementa L, Fortunelli A, Ramakrishna G, Dass A. Au 279(SR) 84: The Smallest Gold Thiolate Nanocrystal That Is Metallic and the Birth of Plasmon. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1295-1300. [PMID: 29493241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report a detailed study on the optical properties of Au279(SR)84 using steady-state and transient absorption measurements to probe its metallic nature, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) studies to correlate the optical spectra, and density of states (DOS) to reveal the factors governing the origin of the collective surface plasmon resonance (SPR) oscillation. Au279 is the smallest identified gold nanocrystal to exhibit SPR. Its optical absorption exhibits SPR at 510 nm. Power-dependent bleach recovery kinetics of Au279 suggests that electron dynamics dominates its relaxation and it can support plasmon oscillations. Interestingly, TDDFT and DOS studies with different tail group residues (-CH3 and -Ph) revealed the important role played by the tail groups of ligands in collective oscillation. Also, steady-state and time-resolved absorption for Au36, Au44, and Au133 were studied to reveal the molecule-to-metal evolution of aromatic AuNMs. The optical gap and transient decay lifetimes decrease as the size increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Mauro Stener
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche , Università di Trieste , Trieste I-34127 , Italy
| | - Luca Sementa
- CNR-ICCOM & IPCF, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa I-56124 , Italy
| | | | - Guda Ramakrishna
- Department of Chemistry , Western Michigan University , Kalamazoo , Michigan 49008 , United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Mississippi , Oxford , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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Boryak OA, Kosevich MV, Chagovets VV, Shelkovsky VS. Mass Spectrometric Detection of Charged Silver Nanoclusters with Hydrogen Inclusions Formed by the Reduction of AgNO3 in Ethylene Glycol. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Sakthivel NA, Theivendran S, Ganeshraj V, Oliver AG, Dass A. Crystal Structure of Faradaurate-279: Au279(SPh-tBu)84 Plasmonic Nanocrystal Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15450-15459. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naga Arjun Sakthivel
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Shevanuja Theivendran
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Vigneshraja Ganeshraj
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Allen G. Oliver
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Amala Dass
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 38677, United States
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16
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Collins CB, Tofanelli MA, Crook MF, Phillips BD, Ackerson CJ. Practical Stability of Au25(SR)18 -1/0/+1. RSC Adv 2017; 7:45061-45065. [PMID: 29629176 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Superatom electron shell and/or geometric shell filling underlies the thermodynamic stability of coinage and alkali metal clusters in both theoretical and experimental results. Factors beyond simple shell filling contribute substantially to the lifetime of ligated clusters in solution. Such factors include the nature of the solvent, the atmosphere and the steric size of the ligand shell. Here we systematically lay out a 'practical' stability model for ligated metal clusters, which includes both shell-closing aspects and colloidal stability aspects. Cluster decomposition may follow either fusion or fission pathways. Solvent polarity can be determinative of the decomposition pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - M A Tofanelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, USA
| | - M F Crook
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA
| | - B D Phillips
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - C J Ackerson
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
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17
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Ahmed S, Ahmad M, Swami BL, Ikram S. A review on plants extract mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications: A green expertise. J Adv Res 2016. [PMID: 26843966 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogsc.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are being utilized in every phase of science along with engineering including medical fields and are still charming the scientists to explore new dimensions for their respective worth which is generally attributed to their corresponding small sizes. The up-and-coming researches have proven their antimicrobial significance. Among several noble metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles have attained a special focus. Conventionally silver nanoparticles are synthesized by chemical method using chemicals as reducing agents which later on become accountable for various biological risks due to their general toxicity; engendering the serious concern to develop environment friendly processes. Thus, to solve the objective; biological approaches are coming up to fill the void; for instance green syntheses using biological molecules derived from plant sources in the form of extracts exhibiting superiority over chemical and/or biological methods. These plant based biological molecules undergo highly controlled assembly for making them suitable for the metal nanoparticle syntheses. The present review explores the huge plant diversity to be utilized towards rapid and single step protocol preparatory method with green principles over the conventional ones and describes the antimicrobial activities of silver nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakeel Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Mudasir Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Babu Lal Swami
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Saiqa Ikram
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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18
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Joshi CP, Bootharaju MS, Alhilaly MJ, Bakr OM. [Ag25(SR)18]−: The “Golden” Silver Nanoparticle. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11578-81. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chakra P. Joshi
- Division
of Physical Sciences
and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- Division
of Physical Sciences
and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad J. Alhilaly
- Division
of Physical Sciences
and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Sciences
and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Wickramasinghe S, Atnagulov A, Yoon B, Barnett RN, Griffith WP, Landman U, Bigioni TP. M3Ag17(SPh)12 Nanoparticles and Their Structure Prediction. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:11550-3. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bokwon Yoon
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | - Robert N. Barnett
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
| | | | - Uzi Landman
- School
of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, United States
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20
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Abstract
The properties of Ag nanoclusters are not as well understood as those of their more precious Au cousins. However, a recent surge in the exploration of strategies to tune the physicochemical characteristics of Ag clusters addresses this imbalance, leading to new insights into their optical, luminescence, crystal habit, metal-core, ligand-shell, and environmental properties. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of the latest strategies along with a brief introduction of the theoretical framework necessary to understand the properties of silver nanoclusters and the basis for their tuning. The advances in cluster research and the future prospects presented in this Perspective will eventually guide the next large systematic study of nanoclusters, resulting in a single collection of data similar to the periodic table of elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakra P Joshi
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Megalamane S Bootharaju
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osman M Bakr
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, Solar and Photovoltaics Engineering Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Chakraborty I, Pradeep T. Reversible formation of Ag₄₄ from selenolates. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:14190-14194. [PMID: 25342431 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr03267e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The cluster Ag₄₄SePh₃₀, originally prepared from silver selenolate, upon oxidative decomposition by H₂O₂ gives the same cluster back, in an apparently reversible synthesis. Such an unusual phenomenon was not seen for the corresponding thiolate analogues. From several characterization studies such as mass spectrometry, Raman spectroscopy, etc., it has been confirmed that the degraded and as-synthesized selenolates are the same in nature, which leads to the reversible process. The possibility of making clusters from the degraded material makes cluster synthesis economical. This observation makes one to consider cluster synthesis to be a reversible chemical process, at least for selenolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indranath Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience (DST UNS) and Thematic Unit of Excellence (TUE), Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India.
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22
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Smith JC, Reber AC, Khanna SN, Castleman AW. Boron substitution in aluminum cluster anions: magic clusters and reactivity with oxygen. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:8485-92. [PMID: 24725222 DOI: 10.1021/jp501934t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the size-selective reactivity of AlnBm(-) clusters m = 1,2 with O2 to investigate the effect of congener substitution in energetic aluminum clusters. Mixed-metal clusters offer an additional strategy for tuning the electronic and geometric structure of clusters and by substituting an atom with a congener; we may investigate the effect of structural changes in clusters with similar electronic structures. Using a fast-flow tube mass spectrometer, we formed aluminum boride cluster anions and exposed them to molecular oxygen. We found multiple stable species with Al12B(-) and Al11B2(-) being highly resistant to reactivity with oxygen. These clusters behave in a similar manner as Al13(-), which has previously been found to be stable in oxygen because of its icosahedral geometry and its filled electronic shell. Al13(-) and Al12B(-) have icosahedral structures, while Al11B2(-) forms a distorted icosahedron. All three of these clusters have filled electronic shells, and Al12B(-) has a larger HOMO-LUMO gap due to its compact geometry. Other cluster sizes are investigated, and the structures of the AlnB(-) series are found to have endohedrally doped B atoms, as do many of the AlnB2(-) clusters. The primary etching products are found to be a loss of two Al2O molecules, with boron likely to remain in the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Smith
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University , 104 Chemistry Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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23
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Das A, Li T, Li G, Nobusada K, Zeng C, Rosi NL, Jin R. Crystal structure and electronic properties of a thiolate-protected Au24 nanocluster. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:6458-62. [PMID: 24817094 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr01350f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Solving the total structures of gold nanoclusters is of critical importance for understanding their electronic, optical and catalytic properties. Herein, we report the X-ray structure of a charge-neutral Au24(SCH2Ph-(t)Bu)20 nanocluster. This structure features a bi-tetrahedral Au8 kernel protected by four tetrameric staple-like motifs. Electronic structure analysis is further carried out and the optical absorption spectrum is interpreted. The Au24(SCH2Ph-(t)Bu)20, Au23(S-c-C6H11)16 and Au25(SCH2CH2Ph)18 nanoclusters constitute the first crystallographically characterized "trio".
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Das
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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24
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Copp S, Schultz D, Swasey S, Pavlovich J, Debord M, Chiu A, Olsson K, Gwinn E. Magic Numbers in DNA-Stabilized Fluorescent Silver Clusters Lead to Magic Colors. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:959-963. [PMID: 24803994 PMCID: PMC3985885 DOI: 10.1021/jz500146q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
DNA-stabilized silver clusters are remarkable for the selection of fluorescence color by the sequence of the stabilizing DNA oligomer. Yet despite a growing number of applications that exploit this property, no large-scale studies have probed origins of cluster color or whether certain colors occur more frequently than others. Here we employ a set of 684 randomly chosen 10-base oligomers to address these questions. Rather than a flat distribution, we find that specific color bands dominate. Cluster size data indicate that these "magic colors" originate from the existence of magic numbers for DNA-stabilized silver clusters, which differ from those of spheroidal gold clusters stabilized by small-molecule ligands. Elongated cluster structures, enforced by multiple base ligands along the DNA, can account for both magic number sizes and color variation around peak wavelength populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy
M. Copp
- Physics
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - Danielle Schultz
- Chemistry
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - Steven Swasey
- Chemistry
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - James Pavlovich
- Chemistry
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - Mark Debord
- Physics
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - Alexander Chiu
- Physics
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - Kevin Olsson
- Physics
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
| | - Elisabeth Gwinn
- Physics
Department, University of California Santa
Barbara, Santa Barbara California 93117, United States
- E-mail:
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25
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Qian H. Thiolate-protected Au38(SR)24 nanocluster: size-focusing synthesis, structure determination, intrinsic chirality, and beyond. PURE APPL CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters with core diameters smaller than 2 nm have captured considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse applications ranging from biological labeling to photovoltaics and catalysis. This new class of nanomaterials exhibits discrete electronic structure and molecular-like properties, such as HOMO-LUMO electronic transition, intrinsic magnetism, chiroptical properties, and enhanced catalytic properties. This review focuses on the research into thiolate-protected Au38(SR)24 – one of the most representative nanoclusters, including its identification, size-focusing synthesis, structure determination, and intrinsic chirality. The properties of two size-adjacent Au nanoclusters [Au40(SR)24 and Au36(SR)24] are also discussed. The experimental and theoretical methodologies developed in studies of the Au38(SR)24 model nanocluster open up new opportunities in the synthesis and properties investigation of other atomically precise Aun(SR)m nanoclusters.
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26
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Rational strategy for characterization of nanoscale particles by asymmetric-flow field flow fractionation: A tutorial. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 809:9-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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