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Zhang Z, Peng B, Zhang Y, Xiong J, Li J, Liu J. Switchable Pickering Emulsions Stabilized via Synergistic Nanoparticles-Superamphiphiles Effects and Rapid Response to CO 2/N 2. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:1604-1612. [PMID: 38183283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
A CO2/N2-responsive emulsion provides milder reaction conditions, nontoxicity, and economic feasibility compared to other switchable surfactants. In this study, CO2/N2-responsive pickering emulsions were fabricated by using a compounded dispersion containing SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) and superamphiphiles as the emulsifying agents. The synergistic effects of the SiO2 NPs and superamphiphiles significantly stabilized the emulsion at all of the tested concentrations and prevented complete phase separation of oil and water. The electrostatic interaction between the SiO2 NPs and superamphiphiles was disrupted after bubbling with CO2 for 30 s, resulting in the breaking of the emulsion. However, the dispersion recovered its interfacial activity after the introduction of N2 and again emulsified the emulsion. This reversible switching behavior was validated through three consecutive cycles of bubbling CO2/N2. The protonation and deprotonation of the SiO2 NPs and superamphiphiles in response to CO2/N2 facilitated reversible assembly and disassembly, which enabled the switching of the emulsions between inactive and active forms. The novel highly stable Pickering emulsions demonstrated rapid demulsification and emulsification in response to CO2/N2 and are promising for a wide range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yupeng Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Greenhouse Gas Storage and CO2-EOR, Unconventional Petroleum Research Institute, China University of Petroleum-Beijing, Beijing 102249, China
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A Review of Oil-Solid Separation and Oil-Water Separation in Unconventional Heavy Oil Production Process. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010074. [PMID: 36613516 PMCID: PMC9820792 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Unconventional heavy oil ores (UHO) have been considered an important part of petroleum resources and an alternative source of chemicals and energy supply. Due to the participation of water and extractants, oil-solid separation (OSS) and oil-water separation (OWS) processes are inevitable in the industrial separation processes of UHO. Therefore, this critical review systematically reviews the basic theories of OSS and OWS, including solid wettability, contact angle, oil-solid interactions, structural characteristics of natural surfactants and interface characteristics of interfacially active asphaltene film. With the basic theories in mind, the corresponding OSS and OWS mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the present challenges and future research considerations are touched on to provide insights and theoretical fundamentals for OSS and OWS. Additionally, this critical review might even be useful for the provision of a framework of research prospects to guide future research directions in laboratories and industries that focus on the OSS and OWS processes in this important heavy oil production field.
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Sportiello L, Favati F, Condelli N, Di Cairano M, Carmela Caruso M, Simonato B, Tolve R, Galgano F. Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents in the food sector: focus on their use for the extraction of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 2022; 405:134703. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Anto S, Premalatha M, Mathimani T. Tertiary amine as an efficient CO 2 switchable solvent for extracting lipids from hypersaline microalgae. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132442. [PMID: 34606898 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Considering the momentous cost drivers in energy efficient algal biorefinery processes, a green alternative in extracting lipid from microalgae is anticipated. Switchable solvent system using tertiary amines namely DMBA (Dimethylbenzylamine), DMCHA (Dimethylcyclohexylamine), and DIPEA (Diisopropylethylamine) for lipid extraction from wet hypersaline microalgae was investigated in this study. Interestingly, present study showed that at 1:1 (v/v of fresh DMBA solvent: microalgal biomass), and for 1 h extraction time, the lipid yield was 41.9, 26.6, and 33.3% for Chlorella sp. NITT 05, Chlorella sp. NITT 02, and Picochlorum sp. NITT 04, respectively and for recovered DMBA solvent, at 1:1 (v/v) and for 1 h extraction time, the lipid yield was 40.8, 25.97, and 32%, respectively. Similarly, lipid extraction using DMCHA solvent for Chlorella sp. NITT 05, Chlorella sp. NITT 02, and Picochlorum sp. NITT 04 at 1:1 (v/v of solvent: microalgal biomass) and 1 h extraction time showed 34.28, 24.24 and 23.33% lipids, respectively for fresh solvent and 34.01, 24.24 and 23.18% for recovered solvent respectively; while DIPEA was not competent in lipid extraction from three tested microalgae. FAME profile revealed the presence of saturated fatty acids as 43.04%, 40.98%, 38.45% and monounsaturated fatty acids as 28.38%, 27.05%, 23.3% for Chlorella sp. NITT05, Picochlorum sp. NITT04, Chlorella sp. NITT02, respectively. This study attributes Chlorella sp. NITT05 and Picochlorum sp. NITT04 to be ideal algal species for biodiesel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susaimanickam Anto
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Premalatha
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thangavel Mathimani
- Department of Energy and Environment, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yue W, Huang Z, Xiao M, Li X, Ma W, Zhang Y, Dai S, Lu H. Higher Fatty Acid-Based CO2-Controllable Dual-Circulation Approach for Oil Recovery. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Yue
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Oilfield Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
| | - Mengli Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Xiaojiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Shanshan Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest, Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Oilfield Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610500, P. R. China
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Winterton N. The green solvent: a critical perspective. CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY 2021; 23:2499-2522. [PMID: 34608382 PMCID: PMC8482956 DOI: 10.1007/s10098-021-02188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Solvents are important in most industrial and domestic applications. The impact of solvent losses and emissions drives efforts to minimise them or to avoid them completely. Since the 1990s, this has become a major focus of green chemistry, giving rise to the idea of the 'green' solvent. This concept has generated a substantial chemical literature and has led to the development of so-called neoteric solvents. A critical overview of published material establishes that few new materials have yet found widespread use as solvents. The search for less-impacting solvents is inefficient if carried out without due regard, even at the research stage, to the particular circumstances under which solvents are to be used on the industrial scale. Wider sustainability questions, particularly the use of non-fossil sources of organic carbon in solvent manufacture, are more important than intrinsic 'greenness'. While solvency is universal, a universal solvent, an alkahest, is an unattainable ideal. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10098-021-02188-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Winterton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZD UK
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Lin R, Luo P, Sun Y, Pan Y, Sun L. Experimental Study on the Optimization of Multi-level Nano-Microsphere Deep Profile Control in the Process of Gas Injection in Fracture-Type Buried-Hill Reservoirs. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:24185-24195. [PMID: 34568697 PMCID: PMC8459421 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fracture-type buried-hill reservoirs refer to dual media which have a fast breakthrough speed and a low sweep efficiency in the process of gas injection displacement. In order to overcome this problem, in this paper, a new profile control and oil displacement technology of pre-slug deep plugging by injection of different levels of nano-microspheres and natural gas was proposed. The mercury intrusion experiments were used to compare the fractal characteristics of the pore structures of the matrix and artificial fractured cores in the buried-hill reservoir. The results show that the heterogeneous characteristics of pores and fractures are the main factors leading to excessive gas breakthrough. Three nano-microsphere systems (WJ1, WJ2, and WJ3) with good temperature resistance, salt resistance, swelling properties, and stability were prepared using the inverse emulsion method. Core plugging performance tests show that WJ3 has the best plugging effect among the three nano-microsphere systems, followed by WJ2 and WJ1. According to the scanning electron microscopy observations, it was found that the sealing mechanism of nano-microspheres includes direct sealing, bridging sealing, adhesive sealing, direct pass, deformed pass, and crushing pass. Finally, the displacement experiments with a composite fractured core showed that compared with pure natural gas injection, the breakthrough time of the combined displacement process of nano-microspheres and natural gas was greatly extended, and the final oil displacement efficiency was increased to greater than 80%.
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Bazel Y, Rečlo M, Chubirka Y. Switchable hydrophilicity solvents in analytical chemistry. Five years of achievements. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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9
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Application of secondary amine switchable hydrophilicity solvents for astaxanthin extraction from wet Haematococcus pluvialis. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Liu Y, Qiu Z, Zhong H, Zhao X, Huang W, Xing X. Nitrogen-containing switchable solvents for separation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. RSC Adv 2020; 10:12953-12961. [PMID: 35492098 PMCID: PMC9051419 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra00615g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Solvent extraction is commonly used to separate mixtures of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and solvent choice is strongly influenced by the affinity to the target component, cost and safety. Nitrogen-containing switchable solvents can switch from water-immiscible form to water-miscible bicarbonate salts when CO2 is injected and back to water-immiscible form when N2 is injected. Switchable solvents, as a type of recyclable green solvent, can be used not only to separate such mixtures but also to reduce process costs. Herein, four switchable solvents, namely, dipropylamine, di-sec-butylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine (CyNMe2), and N,N,N′,N′-tetraethyl-1,3-propanediamine (TEPDA), were employed to separate benzene/cyclohexane, ethyl acetate/acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate/n-heptane mixtures, and the corresponding partition and selectivity coefficients were determined. In all cases, separation selectivity increased in the order of dipropylamine < di-sec-butylamine < CyNMe2 < TEPDA, i.e., TEPDA was best suited for the separation of hydrocarbons and their derivatives. In addition, cycling experiments revealed that the TEPDA can be re-used at least 15 times and was well suited for industrial applications. In the end, the mechanism of the separation was put forward. Solvent extraction is commonly used to separate mixtures of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and solvent choice is strongly influenced by the affinity to the target component, cost and safety.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Zhengsong Qiu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Hanyi Zhong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Weian Huang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Xijin Xing
- CNOOC Research Institute Co. Ltd. 100028 Beijing China
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Adhikari B, Orme CJ, Jones MG, Wendt DS, Mines GL, Wilson AD. Diffusion membrane generation of 1-cyclohexylpiperidinium bicarbonate. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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13
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Clarke CJ, Tu WC, Levers O, Bröhl A, Hallett JP. Green and Sustainable Solvents in Chemical Processes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:747-800. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Coby J. Clarke
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Chien Tu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver Levers
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Bröhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P. Hallett
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Vanderveen JR, Geng J, Zhang S, Jessop PG. Diamines as switchable-hydrophilicity solvents with improved phase behaviour. RSC Adv 2018; 8:27318-27325. [PMID: 35540014 PMCID: PMC9083370 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05751f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Removing solvents by distillation is not a sustainable process because it requires the use of volatile solvents and a high energy input. An alternative is to use a switchable-hydrophilicity solvent (SHS), which can be removed from products and recycled without any distillation step. SHSs are solvents that reversibly switch between hydrophilic and hydrophobic forms with the addition and removal of a trigger such as CO2. Monoamine SHSs can be separated from dissolved products by extraction into carbonated water, but the solvent removal is limited by the distribution coefficient of the SHS between the carbonated water phase and the product phase. In this article, the use of diamines as SHSs with improved distribution coefficients is explored. Several diamine SHSs are identified and their properties compared to those of monoamine SHSs. Comparisons include the pKaH (the pKa of the conjugate acid of a base) and log Kow (log of the octanol–water partition coefficient) requirements for amines to act as SHSs, distribution coefficients, removal from hydrophobic liquids, switching speeds, and risks to the environment and human health and safety. Diamine switchable-hydrophilicity solvents can be removed from products, by carbonated water, with much greater efficiency than past switchable solvents.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jialing Geng
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Susanna Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
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15
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A fatty acid solvent of switchable miscibility. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 504:645-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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16
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Reclo M, Yilmaz E, Soylak M, Andruch V, Bazel Y. Ligandless switchable solvent based liquid phase microextraction of nickel from food and cigarette samples prior to its micro-sampling flame atomic absorption spectrometric determination. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Xu P, Wang Z, Xu Z, Hao J, Sun D. Highly effective emulsification/demulsification with a CO 2 -switchable superamphiphile. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 480:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Li H, Li Q, Hao J, Xu Z, Sun D. Preparation of CO2-responsive emulsions with switchable hydrophobic tertiary amine. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Darabi A, Jessop PG, Cunningham MF. CO2-responsive polymeric materials: synthesis, self-assembly, and functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4391-436. [PMID: 27284587 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00873e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CO2 is an ideal trigger for switchable or stimuli-responsive materials because it is benign, inexpensive, green, abundant, and does not accumulate in the system. Many different CO2-responsive materials including polymers, latexes, solvents, solutes, gels, surfactants, and catalysts have been prepared. This review focuses on the preparation, self-assembly, and functional applications of CO2-responsive polymers. Detailed discussion is provided on the synthesis of CO2-responsive polymers, in particular using reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP), formerly known as controlled/living radical polymerization (CLRP), a powerful technique for the preparation of well-defined (co)polymers with precise control over molecular weight distribution, chain-end functional groups, and polymer architectural design. Self-assembly in aqueous dispersed media is highlighted as well as emerging potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Darabi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
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McNally JS, Noll B, Orme CJ, Wilson AD. Density Functional Theory Analysis of the Impact of Steric Interaction on the Function of Switchable Polarity Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:6766-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b03167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua S. McNally
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625 MS
3732, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3531, United States
| | - Bruce Noll
- Bruker AXS Inc., 5465 East Cheryl
Parkway, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Christopher J. Orme
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625 MS
3732, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3531, United States
| | - Aaron D. Wilson
- Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625 MS
3732, Idaho Falls, Idaho 83415-3531, United States
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Durelle J, Vanderveen JR, Quan Y, Chalifoux CB, Kostin JE, Jessop PG. Extending the range of switchable-hydrophilicity solvents. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:5308-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adjusting CO2 pressure and water volume increases the range of switchable hydrophilicity solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Quan
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
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22
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Wilson AD, Orme CJ. Concentration dependent speciation and mass transport properties of switchable polarity solvents. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra08558b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary amine switchable polarity solvents (SPS) were produced at various concentrations for three different amines and physical properties measured. The data allowed the identification of various molecular solution states and material trends.
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