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Caleffi M, Mariani P, Bertoni G, Paolicelli G, Pasquali L, Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Di Carlo A, De Renzi V, D’Addato S. Ag/MgO Nanoparticles via Gas Aggregation Nanocluster Source for Perovskite Solar Cell Engineering. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14195507. [PMID: 34639901 PMCID: PMC8509757 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanocluster aggregation sources based on magnetron-sputtering represent precise and versatile means to deposit a controlled quantity of metal nanoparticles at selected interfaces. In this work, we exploit this methodology to produce Ag/MgO nanoparticles (NPs) and deposit them on a glass/FTO/TiO2 substrate, which constitutes the mesoscopic front electrode of a monolithic perovskite-based solar cell (PSC). Herein, the Ag NP growth through magnetron sputtering and gas aggregation, subsequently covered with MgO ultrathin layers, is fully characterized in terms of structural and morphological properties while thermal stability and endurance against air-induced oxidation are demonstrated in accordance with PSC manufacturing processes. Finally, once the NP coverage is optimized, the Ag/MgO engineered PSCs demonstrate an overall increase of 5% in terms of device power conversion efficiencies (up to 17.8%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Caleffi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Informatiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Paolo Mariani
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (S.P.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Giovanni Bertoni
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.)
- IMEM—CNR, Istituto dei Materiali per l’Elettronica ed il Magnetismo, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Parco Area delle Scienze 37/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Guido Paolicelli
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Luca Pasquali
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria E. Ferrari, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy;
- IOM—CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, s.s. 14, Km. 163.5 in AREA Science Park, Basovizza, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, South Africa
| | - Antonio Agresti
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (S.P.); (A.D.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (S.P.); (A.D.C.)
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- CHOSE—Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy, Department of Electronics Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; (P.M.); (S.P.); (A.D.C.)
- ISM—CNR, Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina De Renzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Informatiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.D.)
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Sergio D’Addato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Matematiche e Informatiche, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (V.D.R.); (S.D.)
- CNR—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy; (G.B.); (G.P.)
- EN & TECH, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Fiorini V, Marchini E, Averardi M, Giorgini L, Muzzioli S, Dellai A, Argazzi R, Sanson A, Sangiorgi N, Caramori S, Stagni S. New examples of Ru(II)-tetrazolato complexes as thiocyanate-free sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:14543-14555. [PMID: 33048103 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt02621b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A set of three new Ru(ii) polypyridyl complexes decorated with 5-aryl tetrazolato ligands (R-CN4)-, (D series, namely D1, D3 and D4), is presented herein. Whereas complex D1 represents the pyrazinyl tetrazolato analogue of a previously reported Ru(ii) complex (D2) with the general formula cis-[(dcbpy)2Ru(N^N)]+, in which dcbpy is 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and N^N is the chelating 2-pyridyl tetrazolato anion, the design of the unprecedented Ru(ii) species D3 and D4 relied upon a completely different architecture. More specifically, the molecular structure of thiocyanate-based species cis-[(dcbpy)2Ru(NCS)2], that is typically found in benchmark Ru(ii) dyes for dye sensitized solar cell (DSSCs), was modified with the replacement of two of the -NCS ligands in favour of the introduction of 5-aryl tetrazolato anions, such as the deprotonated form of 5-(4-bromophenyl)-1H-tetrazole, for complex D3 and 5-(4-cyanophenyl)-1H-tetrazole in the case of complex D4. To streamline the behavior of the D series of Ru(ii) complexes as photosensitizers for DSSCs, an in-depth analysis of the excited state properties of D1, D3 and D4 was performed through TDDFT calculations and TDAS (nanosecond transient difference absorption spectroscopy). The obtained results highlight a trend that was confirmed once D1, D3 and D4 were tested as photosensitizers for DSSC under different conditions. Along the series of the Ru(ii) complexes, the neutrally charged species D3 and D4 displayed the best photovoltaic performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Fiorini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Marchini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Mattia Averardi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Sara Muzzioli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela Dellai
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Roberto Argazzi
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Sanson
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Council of Research, ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy.
| | - Nicola Sangiorgi
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics, National Council of Research, ISTEC-CNR, Via Granarolo 64, I-48018 Faenza, Italy.
| | - Stefano Caramori
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, via Luigi Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy.
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Combining dc and ac electrochemical characterization with micro Raman analysis on industrial DSCs under accelerated thermal stress. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.03.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yadav SK, Ravishankar S, Pescetelli S, Agresti A, Fabregat-Santiago F, Di Carlo A. Stability of dye-sensitized solar cells under extended thermal stress. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:22546-22554. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp04598k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The graphical abstract shows 5 equivalent DSCs in masterplate configuration and their performance stability under thermal stress @85 °C during 4700 h. Ru505/L12 cells resulted the most stable dye/electrolite pair by retain more than 95% of initial efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra K. Yadav
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy)
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Sandheep Ravishankar
- Group of Advanced Materials and Energy
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)
- Universitat Jaume I
- Castello de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy)
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy)
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
- Rome
- Italy
| | - Francisco Fabregat-Santiago
- Group of Advanced Materials and Energy
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM)
- Universitat Jaume I
- Castello de la Plana
- Spain
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy)
- Department of Electronic Engineering
- University of Rome “Tor Vergata”
- Rome
- Italy
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Agresti A, Pescetelli S, Taheri B, Del Rio Castillo AE, Cinà L, Bonaccorso F, Di Carlo A. Graphene-Perovskite Solar Cells Exceed 18 % Efficiency: A Stability Study. CHEMSUSCHEM 2016; 9:2609-2619. [PMID: 27629238 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201600942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering is performed by the addition of graphene and related 2 D materials (GRMs) into perovskite solar cells (PSCs), leading to improvements in the power conversion efficiency (PCE). By doping the mesoporous TiO2 layer with graphene flakes (mTiO2 +G), produced by liquid-phase exfoliation of pristine graphite, and by inserting graphene oxide (GO) as an interlayer between the perovskite and hole-transport layers, using a two-step deposition procedure in air, we achieved a PCE of 18.2 %. The obtained PCE value mainly results from improved charge-carrier injection/collection with respect to conventional PSCs. Although the addition of GRMs does not influence the shelf life, it is beneficial for the stability of PSCs under several aging conditions. In particular, mTiO2 +G PSCs retain more than 88 % of the initial PCE after 16 h of prolonged 1 sun illumination at the maximum power point. Moreover, when subjected to prolonged heating at 60 °C, the GO-based structures show enhanced stability with respect to mTiO2 +G PSCs, as a result of thermally induced modification at the mTiO2 +G/perovskite interface. The exploitation of GRMs in the form of dispersions and inks opens the way for scalable large-area production, advancing the possible commercialization of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Agresti
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pescetelli
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Babak Taheri
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Cinà
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bonaccorso
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Graphene Labs, Via Morego 30, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E. (Centre for Hybrid and Organic Solar Energy), Department of Electronic Engineering, University of Rome Tor Vergata, via del Politecnico 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.
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Caramori S, Ronconi F, Argazzi R, Carli S, Boaretto R, Busatto E, Bignozzi CA. Solar Energy Conversion in Photoelectrochemical Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-31671-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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Congiu M, Bonomo M, Marco MLD, Dowling DP, Di Carlo A, Dini D, Graeff CFO. Cobalt Sulfide as Counter Electrode in p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemistrySelect 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201600297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Congiu
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; POSMAT - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais; Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube14-01 17033-360 Bauru, SP Brazil
| | - Matteo Bonomo
- University of Rome ''La Sapienza''; Department of Chemistry; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Rome, RM Italy
| | - Maria Letizia De Marco
- University of Rome ''La Sapienza''; Department of Chemistry; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Rome, RM Italy
| | | | - Aldo Di Carlo
- C.H.O.S.E.-Center for hybrid and organic solar energy; Department of Electrical Engineering; University of Roma “Tor Vergata”; via del Politecnico 1 00133 Rome Italy
| | - Danilo Dini
- University of Rome ''La Sapienza''; Department of Chemistry; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5 Rome, RM Italy
| | - Carlos F. O. Graeff
- UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; POSMAT - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais; Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube14-01 17033-360 Bauru, SP Brazil
- DC-FC - UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista; Av. Eng. Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube14-01 17033-360 Bauru, SP Brazil
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Bettini S, Pagano R, Valli L, Giancane G. Enhancement of Open Circuit Voltage of a ZnO-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell by Means of Piezotronic Effect. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:1240-5. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201501325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Bettini
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; S.P. 6, Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Rosanna Pagano
- Department of Engineering for Innovation; University of Salento; S.P. 6, Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Ludovico Valli
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA); University of Salento; S.P. 6, Lecce-Monteroni 73100 Lecce Italy
| | - Gabriele Giancane
- Department of Cultural Heritage; University of Salento; Via D. Birago, 64 73100 Lecce Italy
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Murphy MJ, Hua C, Price JR, D'Alessandro DM, Kepert CJ. Structures, Electrochemical and Spectral Properties of a Series of [MnN(CN)3(diimine)]-Complexes. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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