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Diroll BT, Guzelturk B, Po H, Dabard C, Fu N, Makke L, Lhuillier E, Ithurria S. 2D II-VI Semiconductor Nanoplatelets: From Material Synthesis to Optoelectronic Integration. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3543-3624. [PMID: 36724544 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The field of colloidal synthesis of semiconductors emerged 40 years ago and has reached a certain level of maturity thanks to the use of nanocrystals as phosphors in commercial displays. In particular, II-VI semiconductors based on cadmium, zinc, or mercury chalcogenides can now be synthesized with tailored shapes, composition by alloying, and even as nanocrystal heterostructures. Fifteen years ago, II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets injected new ideas into this field. Indeed, despite the emergence of other promising semiconductors such as halide perovskites or 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, colloidal II-VI semiconductor nanoplatelets remain among the narrowest room-temperature emitters that can be synthesized over a wide spectral range, and they exhibit good material stability over time. Such nanoplatelets are scientifically and technologically interesting because they exhibit optical features and production advantages at the intersection of those expected from colloidal quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. In organic solvents, gram-scale syntheses can produce nanoparticles with the same thicknesses and optical properties without inhomogeneous broadening. In such nanoplatelets, quantum confinement is limited to one dimension, defined at the atomic scale, which allows them to be treated as quantum wells. In this review, we discuss the synthetic developments, spectroscopic properties, and applications of such nanoplatelets. Covering growth mechanisms, we explain how a thorough understanding of nanoplatelet growth has enabled the development of nanoplatelets and heterostructured nanoplatelets with multiple emission colors, spatially localized excitations, narrow emission, and high quantum yields over a wide spectral range. Moreover, nanoplatelets, with their large lateral extension and their thin short axis and low dielectric surroundings, can support one or several electron-hole pairs with large exciton binding energies. Thus, we also discuss how the relaxation processes and lifetime of the carriers and excitons are modified in nanoplatelets compared to both spherical quantum dots and epitaxial quantum wells. Finally, we explore how nanoplatelets, with their strong and narrow emission, can be considered as ideal candidates for pure-color light emitting diodes (LEDs), strong gain media for lasers, or for use in luminescent light concentrators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin T Diroll
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Hong Po
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Corentin Dabard
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ningyuan Fu
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Lina Makke
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Lhuillier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, INSP, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Ithurria
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI-Paris, PSL Research University, Sorbonne Université Univ Paris 06, CNRS UMR 8213, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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2
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Li F, Klepzig LF, Keppler N, Behrens P, Bigall NC, Menzel H, Lauth J. Layer-by-Layer Deposition of 2D CdSe/CdS Nanoplatelets and Polymers for Photoluminescent Composite Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:11149-11159. [PMID: 36067458 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are strongly photoluminescent materials with interesting properties for optoelectronics. Especially their narrow photoluminescence paired with a high quantum yield is promising for light emission applications with high color purity. However, retaining these features in solid-state thin films together with an efficient encapsulation of the NPLs is a challenge, especially when trying to achieve high-quality films with a defined optical density and low surface roughness. Here, we show photoluminescent polymer-encapsulated inorganic-organic nanocomposite coatings of 2D CdSe/CdS NPLs in poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) and poly(ethylenimine) (PEI), which are prepared by sequential layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition. The electrostatic interaction between the positively charged polyelectrolytes and aqueous phase-transferred NPLs with negatively charged surface ligands is used as a driving force to achieve self-assembled nanocomposite coatings with a well-controlled layer thickness and surface roughness. Increasing the repulsive forces between the NPLs by increasing the pH value of the dispersion leads to the formation of nanocomposites with all NPLs arranging flat on the substrate, while the surface roughness of the 165 nm (50 bilayers) thick coating decreases to Ra = 14 nm. The photoluminescence properties of the nanocomposites are determined by the atomic layer thickness of the NPLs and the 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid ligand used for their phase transfer. Both the full width at half-maximum (20.5 nm) and the position (548 nm) of the nanocomposite photoluminescence are retained in comparison to the colloidal CdSe/CdS NPLs in aqueous dispersion, while the measured photoluminescence quantum yield of 5% is competitive to state-of-the-art nanomaterial coatings. Our approach yields stable polymer-encapsulated CdSe/CdS NPLs in smooth coatings with controllable film thickness, rendering the LbL deposition technique a powerful tool for the fabrication of solid-state photoluminescent nanocomposites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuzhao Li
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lars F Klepzig
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Keppler
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Behrens
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 9, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Menzel
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute for Technical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Hagenring 30, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jannika Lauth
- Cluster of Excellence PhoenixD (Photonics, Optics, and Engineering─Innovation Across Disciplines), 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Callinstraße 3A, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Laboratory of Nano and Quantum Engineering, Schneiderberg 39, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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3
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Kim D, Ndaya D, Bosire R, Masese FK, Li W, Thompson SM, Kagan CR, Murray CB, Kasi RM, Osuji CO. Dynamic magnetic field alignment and polarized emission of semiconductor nanoplatelets in a liquid crystal polymer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2507. [PMID: 35523816 PMCID: PMC9076605 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconfigurable arrays of 2D nanomaterials are essential for the realization of switchable and intelligent material systems. Using liquid crystals (LCs) as a medium represents a promising approach, in principle, to enable such control. In practice, however, this approach is hampered by the difficulty of achieving stable dispersions of nanomaterials. Here, we report on good dispersions of pristine CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) in LCs, and reversible, rapid control of their alignment and associated anisotropic photoluminescence, using a magnetic field. We reveal that dispersion stability is greatly enhanced using polymeric, rather than small molecule, LCs and is considerably greater in the smectic phases of the resulting systems relative to the nematic phases. Aligned composites exhibit highly polarized emission that is readily manipulated by field-realignment. Such dynamic alignment of optically-active 2D nanomaterials may enable the development of programmable materials for photonic applications and the methodology can guide designs for anisotropic nanomaterial composites for a broad set of related nanomaterials. Liquid crystals (LC) are promising materials for the fabrication of reconfigurable arrays of 2D nanomaterials but it remains difficult to achieve stable dispersions of nanomaterials. Here, the authors report on good dispersions of pristine CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) in LCs, and reversible, rapid control of their alignment and associated anisotropic photoluminescence using a magnetic field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahin Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dennis Ndaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Francis K Masese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Weixingyue Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Sarah M Thompson
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Cherie R Kagan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Christopher B Murray
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.,Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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Guillemeney L, Lermusiaux L, Landaburu G, Wagnon B, Abécassis B. Curvature and self-assembly of semi-conducting nanoplatelets. Commun Chem 2022; 5:7. [PMID: 36697722 PMCID: PMC9814859 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00621-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Semi-conducting nanoplatelets are two-dimensional nanoparticles whose thickness is in the nanometer range and controlled at the atomic level. They have come up as a new category of nanomaterial with promising optical properties due to the efficient confinement of the exciton in the thickness direction. In this perspective, we first describe the various conformations of these 2D nanoparticles which display a variety of bent and curved geometries and present experimental evidences linking their curvature to the ligand-induced surface stress. We then focus on the assembly of nanoplatelets into superlattices to harness the particularly efficient energy transfer between them, and discuss different approaches that allow for directional control and positioning in large scale assemblies. We emphasize on the fundamental aspects of the assembly at the colloidal scale in which ligand-induced forces and kinetic effects play a dominant role. Finally, we highlight the collective properties that can be studied when a fine control over the assembly of nanoplatelets is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Guillemeney
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Laurent Lermusiaux
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Landaburu
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benoit Wagnon
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Abécassis
- grid.463879.70000 0004 0383 1432Univ. Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie, 69342 Lyon, France
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5
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Burgos-Mármol JJ, Patti A. Molecular Dynamics of Janus Nanodimers Dispersed in Lamellar Phases of a Block Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1524. [PMID: 34065148 PMCID: PMC8126030 DOI: 10.3390/polym13091524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate structural and dynamical properties of Janus nanodimers (NDs) dispersed in lamellar phases of a diblock copolymer. By performing molecular dynamics simulations, we show that an accurate tuning of the interactions between NDs and copolymer blocks can lead to a close control of NDs' space distribution and orientation. In particular, NDs are preferentially found within the lamellae if enthalpy-driven forces offset their entropic counterpart. By contrast, when enthalpy-driven forces are not significant, the distribution of NDs, preferentially observed within the inter-lamellar spacing, is mostly driven by excluded-volume effects. Not only does the degree of affinity between host and guest species drive the NDs' distribution in the polymer matrix, but it also determines their space orientation. In turn, these key structural properties influence the long-time dynamics and the ability of NDs to diffuse through the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Javier Burgos-Mármol
- Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK;
| | - Alessandro Patti
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, The University of Manchester, The Mill. Sackville Street, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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6
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Dozov I, Goldmann C, Davidson P, Abécassis B. Probing permanent dipoles in CdSe nanoplatelets with transient electric birefringence. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:11040-11054. [PMID: 32373875 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00884b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Zinc-blende CdSe semiconducting nanoplatelets (NPL) show outstanding quantum confinement properties thanks to their small, atomically-controlled, thickness. For example, they display extremely sharp absorption peaks and ultra-fast recombination rates that make them very interesting objects for optoelectronic applications. However, the presence of a ground-state electric dipole for these nanoparticles has not yet been investigated. We therefore used transient electric birefringence (TEB) to probe the electric dipole of 5-monolayer thick zinc blende CdSe NPL with a parallelepipedic shape. We studied a dilute dispersion of isolated NPL coated with branched ligands and we measured, as a function of time, the birefringence induced by DC and AC field pulses. The electro-optic behavior proves the presence of a large dipolar moment (>245 D) oriented along the length of the platelets. We then induced the slow face-to-face stacking of the NPL by adding oleic acid. In these stacks, the in-plane dipole components of consecutive NPL cancel whereas their normal components add. Moreover, interestingly, the excess polarizability tensor of the NPL stacks gives rise to an electro-optic contribution opposite to that of the electric dipole. By monitoring the TEB signal of the slowly-growing stacks over up to a year, we extracted the evolution of their average length with time and we showed that their electro-optic response can be explained by the presence of a 80 D dipolar component parallel to their normal. In spite of the 4[combining macron]3m space group of bulk zinc blende CdSe, these NPL thus bear an important ground-state dipole whose magnitude per unit volume is twice that found for wurtzite CdSe nanorods. We discuss the possible origin of this electric dipole, its consequences for the optical properties of these nanoparticles, and how it could explain their strong stacking propensity that severely hampers their colloidal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Dozov
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Claire Goldmann
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Patrick Davidson
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Benjamin Abécassis
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay, France. and Univ Lyon, ENS de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5182, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, F69342, Lyon, France
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7
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Brumberg A, Harvey SM, Philbin JP, Diroll BT, Lee B, Crooker SA, Wasielewski MR, Rabani E, Schaller RD. Determination of the In-Plane Exciton Radius in 2D CdSe Nanoplatelets via Magneto-optical Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8589-8596. [PMID: 31251582 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal, two-dimensional semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) exhibit quantum confinement in only one dimension, which results in an electronic structure that is significantly altered compared to that of other quantum-confined nanomaterials. Whereas it is often assumed that the lack of quantum confinement in the lateral plane yields a spatially extended exciton, reduced dielectric screening potentially challenges this picture. Here, we implement absorption spectroscopy in pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T for three different CdSe NPL thicknesses and lateral areas. Based on diamagnetic shifts, we find that the exciton lateral extent is comparable to NPL thickness, indicating that the quantum confinement and reduced screening concomitant with few-monolayer thickness strongly reduces the exciton lateral extent. Atomistic electronic structure calculations of the exciton size for varying lengths, widths, and thicknesses support the substantially smaller in-plane exciton extent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John P Philbin
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | | | | | - Scott A Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory , Los Alamos National Laboratory , Los Alamos , New Mexico 87545 , United States
| | | | - Eran Rabani
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science , Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978 , Israel
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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8
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Erdem O, Gungor K, Guzelturk B, Tanriover I, Sak M, Olutas M, Dede D, Kelestemur Y, Demir HV. Orientation-Controlled Nonradiative Energy Transfer to Colloidal Nanoplatelets: Engineering Dipole Orientation Factor. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4297-4305. [PMID: 31185570 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and showed strongly orientation-controlled Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) to highly anisotropic CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs). For this purpose, we developed a liquid-air interface self-assembly technique specific to depositing a complete monolayer of NPLs only in a single desired orientation, either fully stacked (edge-up) or fully nonstacked (face-down), with near-unity surface coverage and across large areas over 20 cm2. These NPL monolayers were employed as acceptors in an energy transfer working model system to pair with CdZnS/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) as donors. We found the resulting energy transfer from the QDs to be significantly accelerated (by up to 50%) to the edge-up NPL monolayer compared to the face-down one. We revealed that this acceleration of FRET is accounted for by the enhancement of the dipole-dipole interaction factor between a QD-NPL pair (increased from 1/3 to 5/6) as well as the closer packing of NPLs with stacking. Also systematically studying the distance-dependence of FRET between QDs and NPL monolayers via varying their separation (d) with a dielectric spacer, we found out that the FRET rate scales with d-4 regardless of the specific NPL orientation. Our FRET model, which is based on the original Förster theory, computes the FRET efficiencies in excellent agreement with our experimental results and explains well the enhancement of FRET to NPLs with stacking. These findings indicate that the geometrical orientation of NPLs and thereby their dipole interaction strength can be exploited as an additional degree of freedom to control and tune the energy transfer rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Erdem
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Kivanc Gungor
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Burak Guzelturk
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Tanriover
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Mustafa Sak
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Murat Olutas
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Didem Dede
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Yusuf Kelestemur
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics, UNAM - Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology , Bilkent University , Ankara 06800 , Turkey
- LUMINOUS! Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences , Nanyang Technological University , Nanyang Avenue , Singapore 639798 , Singapore
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9
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Krook NM, Ford J, Maréchal M, Rannou P, Meth JS, Murray CB, Composto RJ. Alignment of Nanoplates in Lamellar Diblock Copolymer Domains and the Effect of Particle Volume Fraction on Phase Behavior. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1400-1407. [PMID: 35651232 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) that employ diblock copolymers (BCPs) to organize and align anisotropic nanoparticles (NPs) have the potential to facilitate self-assembling hierarchical structures. However, limited studies have been completed to understand the parameters that guide the assembly of nonspherical NPs in BCPs. In this work, we establish a well-defined nanoplate system to investigate the alignment of two-dimensional materials in a lamellar-forming poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) BCP with domains oriented parallel to the substrate. Monodisperse gadolinium trifluoride rhombic nanoplates doped with ytterbium and erbium [GdF3:Yb/Er (20/2 mol %)] are synthesized and grafted with phosphoric acid functionalized polyethylene glycol (PEG-PO3H2). Designed with chemical specificity to one block, the nanoplates align in the PMMA domain at low volume fractions (ϕ = 0.0083 and ϕ = 0.017). At these low NP loadings, the BCP lamellae are ordered and induce preferential alignment of the GdF3:Yb/Er nanoplates. However, at high volume fractions (ϕ = 0.050 and ϕ = 0.064), the BCP lamellae are disordered with isotropically dispersed nanoplates. The transition from an ordered BCP system with aligned nanoplates to a disordered BCP with unaligned nanoplates coincides with the calculated overlap volume fraction, ϕ* = 0.051, where the pervaded space of the NPs begins to overlap. Two phenomena are observed in the results: the effect of lamellar formation on nanoplate orientation and the overall phase behavior of the PNCs. The presented research not only expands our knowledge of PNC phase behavior but also introduces a framework to further study the parameters that affect nanoplate alignment in BCP nanocomposites. Our ability to control anisotropic NP orientation in PNCs through self-assembling techniques lends itself to creating multifunctional materials with unique properties for various applications such as photovoltaic cells and barrier coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M. Krook
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Jamie Ford
- Nanoscale Characterization Facility, Singh Center for Nanotechnology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Manuel Maréchal
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Patrice Rannou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, INAC-SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Christopher B. Murray
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Russell J. Composto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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10
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Linearly Polarized UV Light-Induced Optical Anisotropy of PVA Films and Flexible Macrocycle Schiff Base Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) Dinuclear Complexes. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three dinuclear metal complexes (comprised of six-coordinated nNi2L and five-coordinated nCu2L and nZn2L) were confirmed by means of elemental analysis, UV-vis and IR spectra, and single X-ray crystal structural analysis in a spectroscopic study. The stable structures of these nNi2L, nCu2L, and nZn2L complexes in poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) films were analyzed using UV-vis spectra. The molecular orientation of hybrid PVA film materials after linearly polarized light irradiation was analyzed to obtain the polarized spectra and dichroic ratio. Among the three materials, nNi2L and nZn2L complexes indicated an increasing optical anisotropy that depended on the flexibility of the complexes. We have included a discussion on the formation of the pseudo-crystallographic symmetry of the components in a soft matter (PVA films).
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Miethe JF, Schlosser A, Eckert JG, Lübkemann F, Bigall NC. Electronic transport in CdSe nanoplatelet based polymer fibres. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. C 2018; 6:10916-10923. [PMID: 30713694 PMCID: PMC6333268 DOI: 10.1039/c8tc03879a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most significant objectives in the field of nanotechnology is the transfer of specific properties of smaller nanoparticle building blocks into larger units. In this way, nanoscopic properties can be linked to the macroscopic addressability of larger systems. Such systems might find applications in fields like photoelectrochemical sensing or solar energy harvesting. Our work reports on the novel synthesis of hybrid semiconductor/polymer fibres, which are based on stacks of 4 monolayer (ML) thick CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) encapsulated into a polymer shell. The polymer encapsulation not only enables the water transfer of the NPL stacks but also allows the preparation of photoelectrodes by linking the fibres to surface modified indium tin oxide (ITO) glass slides. By applying electrochemical techniques like intensity modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (IMPS), it was possible to prove the motion of charge carriers inside the nanoplatelet stacks and by this the electronic addressibility of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan F Miethe
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3a , D-30167 Hannover , Germany .
| | - Anja Schlosser
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3a , D-30167 Hannover , Germany .
| | - J Gerrit Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3a , D-30167 Hannover , Germany .
| | - Franziska Lübkemann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3a , D-30167 Hannover , Germany .
| | - Nadja C Bigall
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry , Leibniz Universität Hannover , Callinstr. 3a , D-30167 Hannover , Germany .
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Polarized Light-Induced Molecular Orientation Control of Rigid Schiff Base Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) Binuclear Complexes as Polymer Composites. Symmetry (Basel) 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/sym10050147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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13
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Beaudoin E, Davidson P, Abecassis B, Bizien T, Constantin D. Reversible strain alignment and reshuffling of nanoplatelet stacks confined in a lamellar block copolymer matrix. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:17371-17377. [PMID: 29095458 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr05723g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We designed a nanocomposite consisting of CdSe nanoplatelets dispersed in the form of short stacks in the polybutadiene domains of a polystyrene-polybutadiene-polystyrene (SBS) thermoplastic elastomer matrix. Under strain, the material displays reversible, macroscopic anisotropic properties, e.g. the fluorescence signal. We present here a structural study of the composite under stretching, by in situ high-resolution X-ray scattering using synchrotron radiation. Modelling the scattering signal allows us to monitor the evolution of both the matrix and the platelets under strain. In particular, we show that the strain "reshuffles" the platelet stacks, which tilt their long axis from parallel to the plane of the microstructure lamellae at rest to perpendicular to this plane at high strain, at the same time breaking into smaller pieces, more easily accommodated in the soft butadiene domains. This reshuffling is fully reversed after strain relaxation. Moreover, it can be prevented by adding free oleic acid, which reinforces the interactions between the platelets in the stacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beaudoin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, UMR 8502 CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay. Bat 510, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
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Dzhagan V, Milekhin AG, Valakh MY, Pedetti S, Tessier M, Dubertret B, Zahn DRT. Morphology-induced phonon spectra of CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets: core/shell vs. core-crown. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:17204-17212. [PMID: 27722399 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr06949e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed two-dimensional colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, or nanoplatelets (NPLs), extend the palette of solution-processable free-standing 2D nanomaterials of high performance. Growing CdSe and CdS parts subsequently in either side-by-side or stacked manner results in core-crown or core/shell structures, respectively. Both kinds of heterogeneous NPLs find efficient applications and represent interesting materials to study the electronic and lattice excitations and interaction between them under strong one-directional confinement. Here, we investigated by Raman and infrared spectroscopy the phonon spectra and electron-phonon coupling in CdSe/CdS core/shell and core-crown NPLs. A number of distinct spectral features of the two NPL morphologies are observed, which are further modified by tuning the laser excitation energy Eexc between in- and off-resonant conditions. The general difference is the larger number of phonon modes in core/shell NPLs and their spectral shifts with increasing shell thickness, as well as with Eexc. This behaviour is explained by strong mutual influence of the core and shell and formation of combined phonon modes. In the core-crown structure, the CdSe and CdS modes preserve more independent behaviour with only interface modes forming the phonon overtones with phonons of the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dzhagan
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany. and V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A G Milekhin
- A.V. Rzhanov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia and Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Ya Valakh
- V.E. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 03028 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - S Pedetti
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Tessier
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - B Dubertret
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Étude des Matériaux, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 8213, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Univ Paris 06, ESPCI ParisTech, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - D R T Zahn
- Semiconductor Physics, Technische Universität Chemnitz, D-09107 Chemnitz, Germany.
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