Synthesis, crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of [Cu(H2 L)2(μ-Cl)CuCl3]·H2O [H2 L = 2-hy-droxy-N'-(propan-2-yl-idene)benzohydrazide]

The present study focuses on the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel dinuclear CuII complex, [tri-chlorido-copper(II)]-μ-chlorido-{bis-[2-hy-droxy-N'-(propan-2-yl-idene)benzohydrazide]copper(II)} monohydrate, [Cu2Cl4(C10H12N2O2)2]·H2O or [Cu(H2 L)2(μ-Cl)CuCl3]·H2O [H2 L = 2-hy-droxy-N'-(propan-2-yl-idene)benzohydrazide]. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with one mol-ecule of water, which forms inter-actions with the ligands. The first copper ion is penta-coordinated to two benzohydrazine-derived ligands via two nitro-gen and two oxygen atoms, and one bridging chloride, which is also coordinated by the second copper ion alongside three terminal chlorines in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The arrangement around the first copper ion exhibits a distorted geometry inter-mediate between trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. In the crystal, chains are formed via inter-molecular inter-actions along the a-axis direction, with subsequent layers constructed through hydrogen-bonding inter-actions parallel to the ac plane, and through slipped π-π stacking inter-actions parallel to the ab plane, resulting in a three-dimensional network. The inter-molecular inter-actions in the crystal structure were qu-anti-fied and analysed using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Residual electron density from disordered methanol mol-ecules in the void space could not be reasonably modelled, thus a solvent mask was applied.

Design and synthesis of three new copper coordination polymers: efficient degradation of an organic dye at alkaline pH

Three new coordination polymers (CPs) based on Cu(II), namely {[Cu₆(H₂L)₄(4,4'-bpy)₆(H₂O)₂]·16H₂O}_n(1), {[Cu(H₃L)(1,4-bib)]·3H₂O}_n(2), and {[Cu₂(H₂L)₂(1,4-bib)₂][Cu(1,4-bib)(H₂O)₂]}_n·4nH₂O(3) (H₅L = 6-(3',4'-dicarboxyphenoxy)-2,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid, 4,4'-bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine and 1,4-bib = 1,4-bis(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized. 1 adopts a three-dimensional structure and can be described with the point symbol {4·5²}₂{4²·5⁴·6⁴·8³·9²}{5·10⁴·12} whereas 2 shows a layered structure. 3 can be perceived as a complex salt of two coordination polymers: the cationic component [Cu(1,4-bib)(H₂O)₂]_n²⁺ (3a) represents a chain polymer and the second anionic moiety [Cu₂(H₂L)₂(1,4-bib)₂]_n^2- (3b) corresponds to a 2D sub-structure. In the presence of H₂O₂, all complexes 1-3 act as efficient photocatalysts for the degradation of the dye methylene blue (MB). The effects of properties such as initial MB concentration, catalyst dosage, pH value, and H₂O₂ concentration on MB degradation were also investigated and analyzed in detail. Compounds 1-3 exhibit excellent structural stability during the catalytic process and can be reused at least three times. The hydroxyl radical (OH˙) and holes (h⁺) were confirmed as the main active species in the degradation process.

Structure, DFT Calculations, and Magnetic Characterization of Coordination Polymers of Bridged Dicyanamido-Metal(II) Complexes

Three coordination polymers of metal(II)-dicyanamido (dca) complexes with 4-methoxypyridine-N-oxide (4-MOP-NO); namely, catena-[Co(µ1,5-dca)2(4-MOP-NO)2] (1), catena-[Mn(µ1,5-dca)2(4-MOP-NO)2] (2), catena-[Cd(µ1,5-dca)2(4-MOP-NO)2] (3), and the mononuclear [Cu(κ1dca)2(4-MOP-NO)2] (4), were synthesized in this research. The complexes were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction as well as spectroscopic methods (UV/vis, IR). The polymeric 1-D chains in complexes 1–3 were achieved by the doubly µ1,5-bridging dca ligands and the O-donor atoms of two axial 4-MOP-NO molecules in trans configuration around the distorted M(II) octahedral. On the other hand, the two “trans-axial” pyridine-N-oxide molecules in complexes 2 and 3 display opposite orientation (s-trans). The DFT (density functional theory) computational studies on the complexes 1–3 were consistent with the experimentally observed crystal structures. Compounds 1 and 2 display weak antiferromagnetic coupling between metal ions (J = −10.8 for 1 and −0.35 for 2).

Five complexes based on a new racemic tetraoxaspiro ligand: correlation of potential coordination preferences with the structure, magnetic properties and luminescence properties

A new ligand, rac-(R,S)-3,9-bis(pyridin-3-yl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane ((R,S)-bptu), is synthesized, and five novel complexes, namely, {[Cu[(R,S)-bptu]Cl2]·0.5NMP}n (1), {[Zn[(R,S)-bptu]Cl2]·CH3CN}n (2), {Cd2[(R,S)-bptu]2Cl4(NMP)2}n (3), {[Cd[(R,S)-bptu]2Cl2]·2CH3CN}n (4), and {Cd3[(R,S)-bptu]2Cl6(DMF)2}n (5), (NMP = N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, DMF = N,N-dimethylformamide), are obtained via a layered diffusional reaction. (R,S)-bptu and complexes 1-5 are characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, element analyses, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Complexes 1-3 show three different 1D structures: 1 is a mesomeric looped chain, 2 is a racemic helix compound, and 3 is a mesomeric zigzag chain, while 4 and 5 are two different mesomeric 2D structures, of which 4 is a 2D wave-like layer and 5 is a 2D cellular layer. Structural diversity indicates that the coordination preferences (cis- and trans-configurations) of (R,S)-bptu play a leading role in the self-assembly of complexes: cis-bptu tends to form one-dimensional structures 1-3, while trans-bptu is easier to construct higher dimensional structures 4-5. Secondly, the different transition metal atom M(ii) adopts diverse geometry in 1-5: Cu(ii) adopts square pyramidal geometry in 1, Zn(ii) employs a tetrahedron configuration in 2, and especially in 3-5, Cd(ii) displays a trigonal bipyramidal configuration, cis-cis-trans, cis and trans octahedral configuration. Finally, the different solvent system, the coordinated/free solvent, and the secondary building units (SBUs) affect the diversification of the structure. A variable temperature magnetic susceptibility investigation manifests that antiferromagnetic interactions exist between the neighbouring metal ions in 1. Furthermore, the luminescence properties of 2-5 are investigated in the solid state at room temperature, and 4 shows highly selective and sensitive sensing for Fe3+ ions.

A family of ligand and anion dependent structurally diverse Cu(ii) Schiff-base complexes and their catalytic efficacy in an O-arylation reaction in ethanolic media

Catalytic O-arylation reactions have been studied by employing a variety of copper(ii) Schiff-base complexes under environmentally benign conditions.