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Tu Z, Geng A, Xiang Y, Zayas-Garriga A, Guo H, Zhu D, Xie R, Sun J. Lignin Degradation by Klebsiella aerogenes TL3 under Anaerobic Conditions. Molecules 2024; 29:2177. [PMID: 38792038 PMCID: PMC11124209 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Lignin, the largest non-carbohydrate component of lignocellulosic biomass, is also a recalcitrant component of the plant cell wall. While the aerobic degradation mechanism of lignin has been well-documented, the anaerobic degradation mechanism is still largely elusive. In this work, a versatile facultative anaerobic lignin-degrading bacterium, Klebsiella aerogenes TL3, was isolated from a termite gut, and was found to metabolize a variety of carbon sources and produce a single kind or multiple kinds of acids. The percent degradation of alkali lignin reached 14.8% under anaerobic conditions, and could reach 17.4% in the presence of glucose within 72 h. Based on the results of infrared spectroscopy and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance analysis, it can be inferred that the anaerobic degradation of lignin may undergo the cleavage of the C-O bond (β-O-4), as well as the C-C bond (β-5 and β-β), and involve the oxidation of the side chain, demethylation, and the destruction of the aromatic ring skeleton. Although the anaerobic degradation of lignin by TL3 was slightly weaker than that under aerobic conditions, it could be further enhanced by adding glucose as an electron donor. These results may shed new light on the mechanisms of anaerobic lignin degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuowei Tu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Alei Geng
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
- Changzhou Engineering and Technology Institute, Jiangsu University, Changzhou 214153, China
| | - Yuhua Xiang
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Anaiza Zayas-Garriga
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Hao Guo
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Daochen Zhu
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Z.T.); (Y.X.); (A.Z.-G.); (H.G.); (D.Z.); (R.X.)
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2
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Wu X, Liu CJ, Wang H, Ge Q, Zhu X. Origin of strong metal-support interactions between Pt and anatase TiO2 facets for hydrodeoxygenation of m-cresol on Pt/TiO2 catalysts. J Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2023.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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3
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Song W, Song M, Jiang X, Yi X, Lai W. Hydrolytic cleavage of lignin derived C-O bonds by acid/base catalysis in water. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-01990-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Chen LH, Sun MH, Wang Z, Yang W, Xie Z, Su BL. Hierarchically Structured Zeolites: From Design to Application. Chem Rev 2020; 120:11194-11294. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Ming-Hui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Weimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, SINOPEC, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Zaiku Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering and Industrial Catalysis, Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology, SINOPEC, Shanghai 201208, China
| | - Bao-Lian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, 430070 Wuhan, China
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Namur, 61 rue de Bruxelles, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
- Clare Hall, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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5
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Effect of acid-metal balance of bifunctional Pt/Beta catalysts on vapor phase hydrodeoxygenation of m-cresol. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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6
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Devadasu S, Joshi SM, Gogate PR, Sonawane SH, Suranani S. Intensification of delignification of Tectona grandis saw dust as sustainable biomass using acoustic cavitational devices. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 63:104914. [PMID: 31945571 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2019.104914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Delignification of sawdust was studied using ultrasound assisted alkali peroxide approach using longitudinal horn for the first time and the efficacy compared with more commonly used configurations of ultrasonic reactors. Comparison with the conventional approach based on stirring has also been presented to establish the process intensification benefits. Effect of different operating parameters such as sodium carbonate concentration (0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 M), hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1 M) and biomass loading (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 wt%), on the efficacy of lignin extraction has been investigated for different ultrasonic reactors. The optimum conditions for probe type ultrasonic horn were established as 150 W, 50% duty cycle and 80% amplitude with optimum process conditions as Na2CO3 concentration as 0.2 M, H2O2 concentration as 1 M, biomass loading of 10 wt% and operating time of 70 min. Longitudinal horn resulted in best efficacy (both in terms of yield and energy requirements) followed by ultrasonic horn and ultrasonic bath whereas the conventional approach was least effective. The obtained lignin was also analyzed using different characterization techniques. The presence of peaks at wavelength range of 875-817, 1123-1110, and at 1599 cm-1 for the extracted sample confirmed the presence of lignin. Increase in the crystallinity index of the processed sample (maximum for longitudinal horn) also confirmed the lignin removal as lignin is amorphous in nature. Overall it has been concluded that ultrasound can be effectively used for delignification with longitudinal horn as best configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmitha Devadasu
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
| | - Saurabh M Joshi
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400109, India
| | - Parag R Gogate
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400109, India
| | - Shirish H Sonawane
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India
| | - Srinath Suranani
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Institute of Technology, Warangal 506004, India.
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7
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Gale M, Cai CM, Gilliard-Abdul-Aziz KL. Heterogeneous Catalyst Design Principles for the Conversion of Lignin into High-Value Commodity Fuels and Chemicals. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:1947-1966. [PMID: 31899593 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Lignin valorization has risen as a promising pathway to supplant the use of petrochemicals for chemical commodities and fuels. However, the challenges of separating and breaking down lignin from lignocellulosic biomass are the primary barriers to success. Integrated biorefinery systems that incorporate both homo- and heterogeneous catalysis for the upgrading of lignin intermediates have emerged as a viable solution. Homogeneous catalysis can perform selected chemistries, such as the hydrolysis and dehydration of ester or ether bonds, that are more suitable for the pretreatment and fractionation of biomass. Heterogeneous catalysis, however, offers a tunable platform for the conversion of extracted lignin into chemicals, fuels, and materials. Tremendous effort has been invested in elucidating the necessary factors for the valorization of lignin by using heterogeneous catalysts, with efforts to explore more robust methods to drive down costs. Current progress in lignin conversion has fostered numerous advances, but understanding the key catalyst design principles is important for advancing the field. This Minireview aims to provide a summary on the fundamental design principles for the selective conversion of lignin by using heterogeneous catalysts, including the pairing of catalyst metals, supports, and solvents. The review puts a particular focus on the use of bimetallic catalysts on porous supports as a strategy for the selective conversion of lignin. Finally, future research on the valorization of lignin is proposed on the basis of recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Gale
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 446 Winston Chung Hall, 900 University Ave, Riverside, USA
| | - Charles M Cai
- Center for Environmental Research and Technology (CE-CERT), Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 1084 Columbia Avenue, Riverside, USA
- Center for Bioenergy Innovation, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Kandis Leslie Gilliard-Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 446 Winston Chung Hall, 900 University Ave, Riverside, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Bourns College of Engineering, University of California, Riverside, 313 Material Science and Engineering Building, 900 University Ave, Riverside, USA
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8
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Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Lignin Isolated by Hybrid Organosolv—Steam Explosion Pretreatment of Hardwood and Softwood Biomass for the Production of Phenolics and Aromatics. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9110935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lignin, one of the three main structural biopolymers of lignocellulosic biomass, is the most abundant natural source of aromatics with a great valorization potential towards the production of fuels, chemicals, and polymers. Although kraft lignin and lignosulphonates, as byproducts of the pulp/paper industry, are available in vast amounts, other types of lignins, such as the organosolv or the hydrolysis lignin, are becoming increasingly important, as they are side-streams of new biorefinery processes aiming at the (bio)catalytic valorization of biomass sugars. Within this context, in this work, we studied the thermal (non-catalytic) and catalytic fast pyrolysis of softwood (spruce) and hardwood (birch) lignins, isolated by a hybrid organosolv–steam explosion biomass pretreatment method in order to investigate the effect of lignin origin/composition on product yields and lignin bio-oil composition. The catalysts studied were conventional microporous ZSM-5 (Zeolite Socony Mobil–5) zeolites and hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolites with intracrystal mesopores (i.e., 9 and 45 nm) or nano-sized ZSM-5 with a high external surface. All ZSM-5 zeolites were active in converting the initially produced via thermal pyrolysis alkoxy-phenols (i.e., of guaiacyl and syringyl/guaiacyl type for spruce and birch lignin, respectively) towards BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene) aromatics, alkyl-phenols and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs, mainly naphthalenes), with the mesoporous ZSM-5 exhibiting higher dealkoxylation reactivity and being significantly more selective towards mono-aromatics compared to the conventional ZSM-5, for both spruce and birch lignin.
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9
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Jain V, Wilson WN, Rai N. Solvation effect on binding modes of model lignin dimer compounds on MWW 2D-zeolite. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:114708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Jain
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Woodrow N. Wilson
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi 39762, USA
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10
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Gouveia JR, da Costa CL, Tavares LB, dos Santos DJ. Synthesis of Lignin-Based Polyurethanes: A Mini-Review. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180514125817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lignin is a natural polymer composed primarily of phenylpropanoid structures with an abundance
of reactive groups: aliphatic and aromatic hydroxyls, phenols, and carbonyls. Considering the
large quantity of hydroxyl groups, lignin has significant potential as a replacement for petroleum-based
polyols in polyurethane (PU) synthesis and as a value-added, renewable raw material for this purpose.
Several methods of lignin-based polyurethane synthesis are reviewed in this paper for reactive and
thermoplastic systems: direct lignin incorporation, chemical lignin modification and depolymerization.
Despite the unmodified lignin low reactivity towards diisocyanates, its direct incorporation as polyol
generates highly brittle PUs, but with proper performance when applied as adhesive for wood. PU brittleness
can be reduced employing polyols obtained from lignin/chain extender blends, in which glass
transition temperature (Tg), mechanical properties and PU homogeneity are strongly affected by lignin
content. The potential applications of lignin can be enhanced by lignin chemical modifications, including
oxyalkylation and depolymerization, improving polyurethanes properties. Another PU category, lignin-
based thermoplastic polyurethane (LTPU) synthesis, emerges as a sustainable alternative and is also
presented in this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Rocha Gouveia
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas (CECS), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Cleber Lucius da Costa
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas (CECS), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara Basílio Tavares
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas (CECS), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
| | - Demetrio Jackson dos Santos
- Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas (CECS), Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), 09210-580 Santo Andre, SP, Brazil
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11
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Zhang J, Lombardo L, Gözaydın G, Dyson PJ, Yan N. Single-step conversion of lignin monomers to phenol: Bridging the gap between lignin and high-value chemicals. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(18)63132-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Rensel DJ, Kim J, Jain V, Bonita Y, Rai N, Hicks JC. Composition-directed FeXMo2−XP bimetallic catalysts for hydrodeoxygenation reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00324b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compositional variation in FeXMo2−XP catalysts alters their Lewis acidities, leading to modulated catalytic performance in the hydrodeoxygenation of phenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas J. Rensel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- 182 Fitzpatrick Hall
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - Jongsik Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- 182 Fitzpatrick Hall
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - Varsha Jain
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems
- Mississippi State University
- USA
| | - Yolanda Bonita
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- 182 Fitzpatrick Hall
- Indiana 46556
- USA
| | - Neeraj Rai
- Dave C. Swalm School of Chemical Engineering and Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems
- Mississippi State University
- USA
| | - Jason C. Hicks
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Notre Dame
- 182 Fitzpatrick Hall
- Indiana 46556
- USA
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13
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Sun Q, Chen G, Wang H, Liu X, Han J, Ge Q, Zhu X. Insights into the Major Reaction Pathways of Vapor-Phase Hydrodeoxygenation ofm-Cresol on a Pt/HBeta Catalyst. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201501232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Engines; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Engines; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Jinyu Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
| | - Qingfeng Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Southern Illinois University; Carbondale Illinois 62901 United States
| | - Xinli Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; School of Chemical Engineering and Technology; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering; State Key Laboratory of Engines; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 P.R. China
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14
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Feng J, Jiang J, Yang Z, Su Q, Wang K, Xu J. Characterization of depolymerized lignin and renewable phenolic compounds from liquefied waste biomass. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra16916c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This investigation aimed to analyze the renewable phenolic compounds that separate from liquefied mason pine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Feng
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210042
| | - Jianchun Jiang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210042
| | - Zhongzhi Yang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210042
| | - Qiuli Su
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210042
| | - Kui Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization
- Key Laboratory on Forest Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing 210042
| | - Junming Xu
- Research Institute of Forestry New Technology
- Chinese Academy of Forestry
- Beijing 100091
- China
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15
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Ennaert T, Van Aelst J, Dijkmans J, De Clercq R, Schutyser W, Dusselier M, Verboekend D, Sels BF. Potential and challenges of zeolite chemistry in the catalytic conversion of biomass. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:584-611. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00859j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This review emphasizes the progress, potential and future challenges in zeolite catalysed biomass conversions and relates these to concepts established in existing petrochemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Ennaert
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Joost Van Aelst
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Jan Dijkmans
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Rik De Clercq
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Wouter Schutyser
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Michiel Dusselier
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Danny Verboekend
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - Bert F. Sels
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering
- Heverlee
- Belgium
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