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Comanescu C. Complex Metal Borohydrides: From Laboratory Oddities to Prime Candidates in Energy Storage Applications. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062286. [PMID: 35329738 PMCID: PMC8949998 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite being the lightest element in the periodic table, hydrogen poses many risks regarding its production, storage, and transport, but it is also the one element promising pollution-free energy for the planet, energy reliability, and sustainability. Development of such novel materials conveying a hydrogen source face stringent scrutiny from both a scientific and a safety point of view: they are required to have a high hydrogen wt.% storage capacity, must store hydrogen in a safe manner (i.e., by chemically binding it), and should exhibit controlled, and preferably rapid, absorption–desorption kinetics. Even the most advanced composites today face the difficult task of overcoming the harsh re-hydrogenation conditions (elevated temperature, high hydrogen pressure). Traditionally, the most utilized materials have been RMH (reactive metal hydrides) and complex metal borohydrides M(BH4)x (M: main group or transition metal; x: valence of M), often along with metal amides or various additives serving as catalysts (Pd2+, Ti4+ etc.). Through destabilization (kinetic or thermodynamic), M(BH4)x can effectively lower their dehydrogenation enthalpy, providing for a faster reaction occurring at a lower temperature onset. The present review summarizes the recent scientific results on various metal borohydrides, aiming to present the current state-of-the-art on such hydrogen storage materials, while trying to analyze the pros and cons of each material regarding its thermodynamic and kinetic behavior in hydrogenation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezar Comanescu
- National Institute of Materials Physics, 405A Atomiștilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania;
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Politehnica University of Bucharest, 1 Polizu St., 011061 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, 405, Atomiștilor St., 077125 Magurele, Romania
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2
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Suárez-Alcántara K, Tena García JR. Metal Borohydrides beyond Groups I and II: A Review. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14102561. [PMID: 34069281 PMCID: PMC8156325 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This review consists of a compilation of synthesis methods and several properties of borohydrides beyond Groups I and II, i.e., transition metals, main group, lanthanides, and actinides. The reported properties include crystal structure, decomposition temperature, ionic conductivity, photoluminescence, etc., when available. The compiled properties reflect the rich chemistry and possible borohydrides’ application in areas such as hydrogen storage, electronic devices that require an ionic conductor, catalysis, or photoluminescence. At the end of the review, two short but essential sections are included: a compilation of the decomposition temperature of all reported borohydrides versus the Pauling electronegativity of the cations, and a brief discussion of the possible reactions occurring during diborane emission, including some strategies to reduce this inconvenience, particularly for hydrogen storage purposes.
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Jeong S, Heo TW, Oktawiec J, Shi R, Kang S, White JL, Schneemann A, Zaia EW, Wan LF, Ray KG, Liu YS, Stavila V, Guo J, Long JR, Wood BC, Urban JJ. A Mechanistic Analysis of Phase Evolution and Hydrogen Storage Behavior in Nanocrystalline Mg(BH 4) 2 within Reduced Graphene Oxide. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1745-1756. [PMID: 31922396 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH4)2, abbreviated here MBH) has received tremendous attention as a promising onboard hydrogen storage medium due to its excellent gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen storage capacities. While the polymorphs of MBH-alpha (α), beta (β), and gamma (γ)-have distinct properties, their synthetic homogeneity can be difficult to control, mainly due to their structural complexity and similar thermodynamic properties. Here, we describe an effective approach for obtaining pure polymorphic phases of MBH nanomaterials within a reduced graphene oxide support (abbreviated MBHg) under mild conditions (60-190 °C under mild vacuum, 2 Torr), starting from two distinct samples initially dried under Ar and vacuum. Specifically, we selectively synthesize the thermodynamically stable α phase and metastable β phase from the γ-phase within the temperature range of 150-180 °C. The relevant underlying phase evolution mechanism is elucidated by theoretical thermodynamics and kinetic nucleation modeling. The resulting MBHg composites exhibit structural stability, resistance to oxidation, and partially reversible formation of diverse [BH4]- species during de- and rehydrogenation processes, rendering them intriguing candidates for further optimization toward hydrogen storage applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohee Jeong
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Tae Wook Heo
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Julia Oktawiec
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Rongpei Shi
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - ShinYoung Kang
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - James L White
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Andreas Schneemann
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Edmond W Zaia
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Liwen F Wan
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Keith G Ray
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Yi-Sheng Liu
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Vitalie Stavila
- Chemistry, Combustion, and Materials Science Center , Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Jinghua Guo
- Advanced Light Source , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jeffrey R Long
- Department of Chemistry , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , University of California , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
| | - Brandon C Wood
- Materials Science Division , Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory , Livermore , California 94550 , United States
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- The Molecular Foundry, Materials Sciences Division , Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley , California 94720 , United States
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Richter B, Grinderslev JB, Møller KT, Paskevicius M, Jensen TR. From Metal Hydrides to Metal Borohydrides. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:10768-10780. [PMID: 30137973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b01398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Commencing from metal hydrides, versatile synthesis, purification, and desolvation approaches are presented for a wide range of metal borohydrides and their solvates. An optimized and generalized synthesis method is provided for 11 different metal borohydrides, M(BH4) n, (M = Li, Na, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb), providing controlled access to more than 15 different polymorphs and in excess of 20 metal borohydride solvate complexes. Commercially unavailable metal hydrides (MH n, M = Sr, Ba, Y, Nd, Sm, Gd, Yb) are synthesized utilizing high pressure hydrogenation. For synthesis of metal borohydrides, all hydrides are mechanochemically activated prior to reaction with dimethylsulfide borane. A purification process is devised, alongside a complementary desolvation process for solvate complexes, yielding high purity products. An array of polymorphically pure metal borohydrides are synthesized in this manner, supporting the general applicability of this method. Additionally, new metal borohydrides, α-, α'- β-, γ-Yb(BH4)2, α-Nd(BH4)3 and new solvates Sr(BH4)2·1THF, Sm(BH4)2·1THF, Yb(BH4)2· xTHF, x = 1 or 2, Nd(BH4)3·1Me2S, Nd(BH4)3·1.5THF, Sm(BH4)3·1.5THF and Yb(BH4)3· xMe2S (" x" = unspecified), are presented here. Synthesis conditions are optimized individually for each metal, providing insight into reactivity and mechanistic concerns. The reaction follows a nucleophilic addition/hydride-transfer mechanism. Therefore, the reaction is most efficient for ionic and polar-covalent metal hydrides. The presented synthetic approaches are widely applicable, as demonstrated by permitting facile access to a large number of materials and by performing a scale-up synthesis of LiBH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Richter
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Jakob B Grinderslev
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
| | - Kasper T Møller
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Fuels and Energy Technology Institute , Curtin University , Wark Avenue , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Mark Paskevicius
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Fuels and Energy Technology Institute , Curtin University , Wark Avenue , Bentley , Western Australia 6102 , Australia
| | - Torben R Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry , Aarhus University , Langelandsgade 140 , 8000 Aarhus C , Denmark
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The Effects of Additives on the Dehydrogenation of Amorphous Manganese Borohydride and Its Crystalline Form after Solvent Filtration/Extraction. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Paskevicius M, Jepsen LH, Schouwink P, Černý R, Ravnsbæk DB, Filinchuk Y, Dornheim M, Besenbacher F, Jensen TR. Metal borohydrides and derivatives – synthesis, structure and properties. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1565-1634. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00705h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive review of metal borohydrides from synthesis to application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Paskevicius
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Lars H. Jepsen
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Pascal Schouwink
- Laboratory of Crystallography
- DQMP
- University of Geneva
- 1211 Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Radovan Černý
- Laboratory of Crystallography
- DQMP
- University of Geneva
- 1211 Geneva
- Switzerland
| | - Dorthe B. Ravnsbæk
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | - Yaroslav Filinchuk
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences
- Université catholique de Louvain
- B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve
- Belgium
| | - Martin Dornheim
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht
- Department of Nanotechnology
- 21502 Geesthacht
- Germany
| | - Flemming Besenbacher
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Torben R. Jensen
- Center for Materials Crystallography
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), and Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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Sharma M, Didelot E, Spyratou A, Lawson Daku LM, Černý R, Hagemann H. Halide Free M(BH4)2 (M = Sr, Ba, and Eu) Synthesis, Structure, and Decomposition. Inorg Chem 2016; 55:7090-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b00931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Didelot
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Spyratou
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Latévi Max Lawson Daku
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Radovan Černý
- Laboratory
of Crystallography, Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Hans Hagemann
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30, quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Roedern E, Jensen TR. Ammine-Stabilized Transition-Metal Borohydrides of Iron, Cobalt, and Chromium: Synthesis and Characterization. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:10477-82. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Roedern
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Torben R. Jensen
- Interdisciplinary
Nanoscience Center (iNANO) and Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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