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Kwaśny M, Bombalska A, Kaliszewski M, Włodarski M, Kopczyński K. Fluorescence Methods for the Detection of Bioaerosols in Their Civil and Military Applications. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:3339. [PMID: 36992050 PMCID: PMC10054245 DOI: 10.3390/s23063339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the history of the development and the current state of the apparatus for the detection of interferents and biological warfare simulants in the air with the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method. The LIF method is the most sensitive spectroscopic method and also enables the measurement of single particles of biological aerosols and their concentration in the air. The overview covers both the on-site measuring instruments and remote methods. The spectral characteristics of the biological agents, steady-state spectra, excitation-emission matrices, and their fluorescence lifetimes are presented. In addition to the literature, we also present our own detection systems for military applications.
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Joseph J, Baby HM, Zhao S, Li X, Cheung K, Swain K, Agus E, Ranganathan S, Gao J, Luo JN, Joshi N. Role of bioaerosol in virus transmission and material-based countermeasures. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210038. [PMID: 37324804 PMCID: PMC10190935 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory pathogens transmit primarily through particles such as droplets and aerosols. Although often overlooked, the resuspension of settled droplets is also a key facilitator of disease transmission. In this review, we discuss the three main mechanisms of aerosol generation: direct generation such as coughing and sneezing, indirect generation such as medical procedures, and resuspension of settled droplets and aerosols. The size of particles and environmental factors influence their airborne lifetime and ability to cause infection. Specifically, humidity and temperature are key factors controlling the evaporation of suspended droplets, consequently affecting the duration in which particles remain airborne. We also suggest material-based approaches for effective prevention of disease transmission. These approaches include electrostatically charged virucidal agents and surface coatings, which have been shown to be highly effective in deactivating and reducing resuspension of pathogen-laden aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Joseph
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Helna Mary Baby
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Spencer Zhao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Xiang‐Ling Li
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Krisco‐Cheuk Cheung
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kabir Swain
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Eli Agus
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Sruthi Ranganathan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jingjing Gao
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - James N Luo
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryBrigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Nitin Joshi
- Center for Nanomedicine, Department of AnesthesiologyPerioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Urakawa S, Hirashita T, Momose K, Nishimura M, Nakajima K, Milsom JW. Intraluminal gas escape from biopsy valves and endoscopic devices during endoscopy: caution advised during the COVID-19 era. Endosc Int Open 2021; 9:E443-E449. [PMID: 33655048 PMCID: PMC7895664 DOI: 10.1055/a-1336-2766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims The risk of aerosolization of body fluids during endoscopic procedures should be evaluated during the COVID-19 era, as this may contribute to serious disease transmission. Here, we aimed to investigate if use of endoscopic tools during flexible endoscopy may permit gas leakage from the scope or tools. Material and methods Using a fresh 35-cm porcine rectal segment, a colonoscope tip, and manometer were placed intraluminally at opposite ends of the segment. The colonoscope handle, including the biopsy valve, was submerged in a water bath. Sequentially, various endoscopic devices (forceps, clips, snares, endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) knives) were inserted into the biopsy valve, simultaneously submerging the device handle in a water bath. The bowel was slowly inflated up to 74.7 mmHg (40 inH 2 O) and presence of gas leakage, leak pressure, and gas leakage volume were measured. Results Gas leakage was observed from the biopsy valve upon insertion and removal of all endoscopic device tips with jaws, even at 0 mmHg (60/60 trials). The insertion angle of the tool affected extent of gas leakage. In addition, gas leakage was observed from the device handles (8 of 10 devices) with continuous gas leakage at low pressures, especially two snares at 0 mmHg, and an injectable ESD knife at 0.7 ± 0.8 mmHg). Conclusions Gas leakage from the biopsy valve and device handles commonly occur during endoscopic procedures. We recommend protective measures be considered during use of any tools during endoscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Urakawa
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States,Department of Next Generation Endoscopic Intervention (Project ENGINE), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Teijiro Hirashita
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Kota Momose
- Department of Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Makoto Nishimura
- Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States
| | - Kiyokazu Nakajima
- Department of Next Generation Endoscopic Intervention (Project ENGINE), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jeffrey W. Milsom
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, United States
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Doggett N, Chow CW, Mubareka S. Characterization of Experimental and Clinical Bioaerosol Generation During Potential Aerosol-Generating Procedures. Chest 2020; 158:2467-2473. [PMID: 32707180 PMCID: PMC7373051 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During medical procedures with the potential to produce aerosols such as bronchoscopy, intubation, or CPR, health-care workers (HCWs) may be exposed to infectious bioaerosols. This scenario is of particular concern when high consequence pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are circulating. Thousands of HCWs have been infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the determinants of aerosol generation during medical procedures and their relative risk to HCWs remain poorly characterized. RESEARCH QUESTION The goal of this study was to characterize aerosols produced during airway intubation by using an uninfected translational animal model and in human subjects undergoing elective aerosol-generating procedures. The study also determined the particle size distribution of generated particles. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Aerosol generation was measured during highly controlled experimental (pig) intubations (N = 16) and elective bronchoscopies in uninfected patients (N = 49) using an optical particle counter. Recovery of normal respiratory flora was used as a surrogate for pathogen dispersion. RESULTS There was a small but significant (P = .03) decrease in 0.3 μm size particles during highly controlled pig intubations compared with baseline. The concentration of 1.0 μm and 5.0 μm aerosol particles did not significantly change, although oral bacteria were collected from the air. For elective patient bronchoscopies, there was a significant decrease in the generation of larger particles (1.0 μm and 5.0 μm) compared with baseline (P < .01); however, 18 of 39 (46%) patients showed increased aerosol production in 0.3 μm size particles, four of whom exhibited measurable increases. INTERPRETATION Although the total amount of aerosols produced during intubation and bronchoscopy did not increase significantly relative to preprocedural levels, a small number of participants exhibited a measurable increase in submicron particle emission, meriting further research to delineate determinants of fine particle production during aerosol-generating procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Doggett
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chung-Wai Chow
- University Health Network, Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Biological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Schutzer-Weissmann J, Magee DJ, Farquhar-Smith P. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection risk during elective peri-operative care: a narrative review. Anaesthesia 2020; 75:1648-1658. [PMID: 32652529 PMCID: PMC7404908 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The protection of healthcare workers from the risk of nosocomial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection is a paramount concern. SARS‐CoV‐2 is likely to remain endemic and measures to protect healthcare workers against nosocomial infection will need to be maintained. This review aims to inform the assessment and management of the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission to healthcare workers involved in elective peri‐operative care. In the absence of data specifically related to the risk of SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in the peri‐operative setting, we explore the evidence‐base that exists regarding modes of viral transmission, historical evidence for the risk associated with aerosol‐generating procedures and contemporaneous data from the COVID‐19 pandemic. We identify a significant lack of data regarding the risk of transmission in the management of elective surgical patients, highlighting the urgent need for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schutzer-Weissmann
- Department of Anaesthesia, Peri-operative Medicine, Pain and Critical Care, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - D J Magee
- Imperial School of Anaesthesia, London, UK.,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Farquhar-Smith
- Department of Anaesthesia, Peri-operative Medicine, Pain and Critical Care, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Steinfort DP, Herth FJF, Irving LB, Nguyen PT. Safe performance of diagnostic bronchoscopy/EBUS during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Respirology 2020; 25:703-708. [PMID: 32403194 PMCID: PMC7273079 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic is unprecedented in our professional lives and much effort and resources will be devoted to care of patients (and HCW) affected by this illness. We must also continue to aim for the same standard of care for our non‐COVID respiratory patients, while minimizing risks of infection transmission to our colleagues. This commentary addresses the key paired issues of minimizing performance of diagnostic/staging bronchoscopy in patients with suspected/known lung cancer while maximizing the safety of the procedure with respect to HCW transmission of COVID‐19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Felix J F Herth
- Department of Pneumology and Critical Care Medicine, Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRCH), German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Louis B Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Phan T Nguyen
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Zietsman M, Phan LT, Jones RM. Potential for occupational exposures to pathogens during bronchoscopy procedures. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2019; 16:707-716. [PMID: 31407954 PMCID: PMC7157954 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2019.1649414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoscopy is classified as an aerosol-generating procedure, but it is unclear what drives the elevated infection risk observed among healthcare personnel performing the procedure. The objective of this study was to characterize pathways through which bronchoscopists may be exposed to infectious agents during bronchoscopy procedures. Aerosol number concentrations (0.2-1 µm aerodynamic diameter) were measured using a P-Trak Ultrafine Particle Counter 8525 and mass concentrations (<10 µm) were measured using a SidePak Personal Aerosol Monitor AM510 near the head of patients during bronchoscopy procedures. Procedure pathway, number of patient coughs, number of suctioning events, number of contacts with different surfaces by the pulmonologist, and the use and doffing of personal protective equipment were recorded by the investigator on a specially designed form. Any pulmonologist performing a bronchoscopy procedure was eligible to participate. A total of 18 procedures were observed. Mean particle number and mass concentrations were not elevated during procedures relative to those measured before or after the procedure, on average, but the concentrations were highly variable, exhibiting high levels periodically. Patients frequently coughed during procedures (median 65 coughs, range: 0-565 coughs), and suctioning was commonly performed (median 6.5 suctioning events, range: 0-42). In all procedures, pulmonologists contacted the patient (mean 22.3 contacts, range: 1-48), bronchoscope (mean 19.4 contacts, range: 1-46), and at least one environmental surface (mean 31.2 contacts, range: 3-62). In the majority of procedures, the participant contacted his or her body or personal protective equipment (PPE), with a mean of 17.3 contacts (range: 4-48). More often than not, the observed PPE doffing practices differed from those recommended. Bronchoscopy procedures were associated with short-term increased ultrafine or respirable aerosol concentrations, and there were opportunities for contact transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryshe Zietsman
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Linh T. Phan
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rachael M. Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
- CONTACT Rachael M. Jones Rocky Mount Center for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite C, Salt Lake City, UT 84108
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Weber RT, Phan LT, Fritzen-Pedicini C, Jones RM. Environmental and Personal Protective Equipment Contamination during Simulated Healthcare Activities. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 63:784-796. [DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Providing care to patients with an infectious disease can result in the exposure of healthcare workers (HCWs) to pathogen-containing bodily fluids. We performed a series of experiments to characterize the magnitude of environmental contamination—in air, on surfaces and on participants—associated with seven common healthcare activities. The seven activities studied were bathing, central venous access, intravenous access, intubation, physical examination, suctioning and vital signs assessment. HCWs with experience in one or more activities were recruited to participate and performed one to two activities in the laboratory using task trainers that contained or were contaminated with fluorescein-containing simulated bodily fluid. Fluorescein was quantitatively measured in the air and on seven environmental surfaces. Fluorescein was quantitatively and qualitatively measured on the personal protective equipment (PPE) worn by participants. A total of 39 participants performed 74 experiments, involving 10–12 experimental trials for each healthcare activity. Healthcare activities resulted in diverse patterns and levels of contamination in the environment and on PPE that are consistent with the nature of the activity. Glove and gown contamination were ubiquitous, affirming the value of wearing these pieces of PPE to protect HCW’s clothing and skin. Though intubation and suctioning are considered aerosol-generating procedures, fluorescein was detected less frequently in air and at lower levels on face shields and facemasks than other activities, which suggests that the definition of aerosol-generating procedure may need to be revised. Face shields may protect the face and facemask from splashes and sprays of bodily fluids and should be used for more healthcare activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel T Weber
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linh T Phan
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rachael M Jones
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Bolookat F, Hassanvand MS, Faridi S, Hadei M, Rahmatinia M, Alimohammadi M. Assessment of bioaerosol particle characteristics at different hospital wards and operating theaters: A case study in Tehran. MethodsX 2018; 5:1588-1596. [PMID: 30622921 PMCID: PMC6313819 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed to investigate the types and number of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in indoor air of hospitals according to the type of wards and operating theaters. Bacterial and fungal samples were collected using the passive sampling method of 1/1/1 scheme during a six months' period in the Khatam-Al-Anbia hospital, Tehran, Iran. A simple linear regression was used to determine the relationship between bioaerosol concentrations and the number of active beds. Bacterial bioaerosol concentrations were mainly higher than fungi in all sampling sites. A significant association was found between airborne fungal concentrations and the numbers of beds (R2 = 0.76, p < 0.05), but not observed for bacteria (R2 = 0.02, p < 0.05). Our findings provided an exposure database of airborne bacterial and fungal bioaerosol in hospital wards and operating theaters in Tehran. •Due to the importance of the exposure risk to bioaerosols for patients and medical personnel, we focused on identification of the density and diversity of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in different wards and operating theaters.•Our results showed that the numbers of the beds have a significant effect on airborne fungal concentrations.•The results of this study can be used to set indoor air quality standards for hospital wards and operating theatres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Bolookat
- Department of Environment Engineering, Faculty of Environment & Energy, Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadegh Hassanvand
- Center for Air Pollution Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sasan Faridi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Hadei
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rahmatinia
- Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Alimohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Center for Water Quality Research (CWQR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Equity Research Center (HERC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Review: The Use of Real-Time Fluorescence Instrumentation to Monitor Ambient Primary Biological Aerosol Particles (PBAP). ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Pereira ML, Knibbs LD, He C, Grzybowski P, Johnson GR, Huffman JA, Bell SC, Wainwright CE, Matte DL, Dominski FH, Andrade A, Morawska L. Sources and dynamics of fluorescent particles in hospitals. INDOOR AIR 2017; 27:988-1000. [PMID: 28303606 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent particles can be markers of bioaerosols and are therefore relevant to nosocomial infections. To date, little research has focused on fluorescent particles in occupied indoor environments, particularly hospitals. In this study, we aimed to determine the spatial and temporal variation of fluorescent particles in two large hospitals in Brisbane, Australia (one for adults and one for children). We used an Ultraviolet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (UVAPS) to identify fluorescent particle sources, as well as their contribution to total particle concentrations. We found that the average concentrations of both fluorescent and non-fluorescent particles were higher in the adults' hospital (0.06×106 and 1.20×106 particles/m3 , respectively) than in the children's hospital (0.03×106 and 0.33×106 particles/m3 , respectively) (P<.01). However, the proportion of fluorescent particles was higher in the children's hospital. Based on the concentration results and using activity diaries, we were able to identify sources of particle production within the two hospitals. We demonstrated that particles can be easily generated by a variety of everyday activities, which are potential sources of exposure to pathogens. Future studies to further investigate their role in nosocomial infection are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Pereira
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Department of Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - L D Knibbs
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - C He
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - P Grzybowski
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G R Johnson
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - J A Huffman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S C Bell
- Thoracic Medicine, Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Qld, Australia
- Lung Bacteria Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Qld, Australia
| | - C E Wainwright
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, Qld, Australia
| | - D L Matte
- Center of Health Sciences and Sport, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - F H Dominski
- Center of Health Sciences and Sport, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - A Andrade
- Center of Health Sciences and Sport, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - L Morawska
- International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Qld, Australia
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Ciofi-Silva CL, Hansen LL, Almeida AGCDS, Kawagoe JY, Padoveze MC, Graziano KU. Negative pressure of the environmental air in the cleaning area of the materials and sterilization center: a systematic review. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2016; 24:e2781. [PMID: 27598374 PMCID: PMC5016003 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.1140.2781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to analyze the scientific evidence on aerosols generated during cleaning activities of health products in the Central Service Department (CSD) and the impact of the negative pressure of the ambient air in the cleaning area to control the dispersion of aerosols to adjacent areas. METHOD for this literature systematic review the following searches were done: search guidelines, manuals or national and international technical standards given by experts; search in the portal and databases PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science; and a manual search of scientific articles. RESULTS the five technical documents reviewed recommend that the CSD cleaning area should have a negative differential ambient air pressure, but scientific articles on the impact of this intervention were not found. The four articles included talked about aerosols formed after the use of a ultrasonic cleaner (an increased in the contamination especially during use) and pressurized water jet (formation of smaller aerosols 5μm). In a study, the aerosols formed from contaminated the hot tap water with Legionella pneumophila were evaluated. CONCLUSIONS there is evidence of aerosol formation during cleanup activities in CSD. Studies on occupational diseases of respiratory origin of workers who work in CSD should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lisbeth Lima Hansen
- Doctoral Student, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Paulo, SP, Brazil. Professor, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM,
Brazil
| | | | - Julia Yaeko Kawagoe
- PhD, Professor, Faculdade Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, São Paulo,
SP Brazil. RN, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Clara Padoveze
- PhD, Professor, Escola de Enfermagem, Universidade de São Paulo, São
Paulo, SP, Brazil
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