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Regier J, Bolshan Y. Synthesis of C,N-Glycosides via Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Azidation of exo-Glycals. J Org Chem 2024; 89:141-151. [PMID: 38110245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of exo-glycals with azidotrimethylsilane in the presence of a Brønsted acid leads to the generation of the corresponding C,N-glycosyl azides. The majority of these glycosylation reactions proceed at room temperature with short reaction times. In addition, the targeted products were obtained in high yields with exclusive diastereoselectivity to the α-anomer in pyranose-based derivatives. Carbohydrate units based on mannose, galactose, arabinose, and ribose were also shown to proceed in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery Regier
- TLC Pharmaceutical Standards, Newmarket, Ontario L3Y 7B6, Canada
| | - Yuri Bolshan
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Oshawa, Ontario L1G 0C5, Canada
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2
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Jaiswal MK, Gupta A, Ansari FJ, Pandey VK, Tiwari VK. Recent Progress on Synthesis of Functionalized 1,5-Disubstituted Triazoles. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:513-558. [PMID: 38804327 DOI: 10.2174/1570179420666230418123350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Immediately after the invention of 'Click Chemistry' in 2002, the regioselective 1,2,3- triazole scaffolds resulted from respective organic azides and terminal alkynes under Cu(I) catalysis have been well recognized as the functional heterocyclic core at the centre of modern organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, and material sciences. This CuAAC reaction has several notable features including excellent regioselectivity, high-to-excellent yields, easy to execute, short reaction time, modular in nature, mild condition, readily available starting materials, etc. Moreover, the resulting regioselective triazoles can serve as amide bond isosteres, a privileged functional group in drug discovery and development. More than hundreds of reviews had been devoted to the 'Click Chemistry' in special reference to 1,4-disubstituted triazoles, while only little efforts were made for an opposite regioisomer i.e., 1,5-disubstituted triazole. Herein, we have presented various classical approaches for an expeditious synthesis of a wide range of biologically relevant 1,5- disubstituted 1,2,3-triazole analogues. The syntheses of such a class of diversly functionalized triazoles have emerged as a crucial investigation in the domain of chemistry and biology. This tutorial review covers the literature assessment on the development of various synthetic protocols for the functionalized 1,5-disubstituted triazoles reported during the last 12 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jaiswal
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Abhishek Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Faisal J Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinay K Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vinod K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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3
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Abdelgawad MA, Bukhari SNA, Musa A, Elmowafy M, Nayl AA, El-Ghorab AH, Sadek Abdel-Bakky M, Omar HA, Hadal Alotaibi N, Hassan HM, Ghoneim MM, Bakr RB. Phthalazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole conjugates: In silico molecular docking studies, synthesis, in vitro antiproliferative, and kinase inhibitory activities. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106404. [PMID: 36812829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
New phthalazone tethered 1,2,3-triazole derivatives 12-21 were synthesized utilizing the Cu(I)-catalyzed click reactions of alkyne-functionalized phthalazone 1 with functionalized azides 2-11. The new phthalazone-1,2,3-triazoles structures 12-21 were confirmed by different spectroscopic tools, like IR; 1H, 13C, 2D HMBC and 2D ROESY NMR; EI MS, and elemental analysis. The antiproliferative efficacy of the molecular hybrids 12-21 against four cancer cell lines was evaluated, including colorectal cancer, hepatoblastoma, prostate cancer, breast adenocarcinoma, and the normal cell line WI38. The antiproliferative assessment of derivatives 12-21 showed potent activity of compounds 16, 18, and 21 compared to the anticancer drug doxorubicin. Compound 16 showed selectivity (SI) towardthe tested cell lines ranging from 3.35 to 8.84 when compared to Dox., that showed SI ranged from 0.75 to 1.61. Derivatives 16, 18 and 21 were assessed towards VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and result in that derivative 16 showed the potent activity (IC50 = 0.123 µM) in comparison with sorafenib (IC50 = 0.116 µM). Compound 16 caused an interference with the cell cycle distribution of MCF7 and increased the percentage of cells in S phase by 1.37-fold. In silico molecular docking of the effective derivatives 16, 18, and 21 against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) confirmed the formation of stable protein-ligand interactions within the pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, college of pharmacy, Jouf university, sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, college of pharmacy, Jouf university, sakaka 72431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arafa Musa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Elmowafy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - AbdElAziz A Nayl
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H El-Ghorab
- Department of chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Sadek Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany A Omar
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nasser Hadal Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossam M Hassan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62513, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rania B Bakr
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
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The Use of Zidovudine Pharmacophore in Multi-Target-Directed Ligands for AIDS Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238502. [PMID: 36500608 PMCID: PMC9738661 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of polypharmacology embraces multiple drugs combined in a therapeutic regimen (drug combination or cocktail), fixed dose combinations (FDCs), and a single drug that binds to different targets (multi-target drug). A polypharmacology approach is widely applied in the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), providing life-saving therapies for millions of people living with HIV. Despite the success in viral load suppression and patient survival of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the development of new drugs has become imperative, owing to the emergence of resistant strains and poor adherence to cART. 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine, also known as azidothymidine or zidovudine (AZT), is a widely applied starting scaffold in the search for new compounds, due to its good antiretroviral activity. Through the medicinal chemistry tool of molecular hybridization, AZT has been included in the structure of several compounds allowing for the development of multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs) as antiretrovirals. This review aims to systematically explore and critically discuss AZT-based compounds as potential MTDLs for the treatment of AIDS. The review findings allowed us to conclude that: (i) AZT hybrids are still worth exploring, as they may provide highly active compounds targeting different steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle; (ii) AZT is a good starting point for the preparation of co-drugs with enhanced cell permeability.
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Singh R, Bhardwaj VK, Das P, Bhattacherjee D, Zyryanov GV, Purohit R. Benchmarking the ability of novel compounds to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 main protease using steered molecular dynamics simulations. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105572. [PMID: 35551011 PMCID: PMC9052739 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) is an attractive target in the COVID-19 drug development process. It catalyzes the polyprotein's translation from viral RNA and specifies a particular cleavage site. Due to the absence of identical cleavage specificity in human cell proteases, targeting Mpro with chemical compounds can obstruct the replication of the virus. METHODS To explore the potential binding mechanisms of 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds in comparison to co-crystallized inhibitors 11a and 11b towards Mpro, we herein utilized molecular dynamics and enhanced sampling simulation studies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION All the 1,2,3-triazole scaffolds interacted with catalytic residues (Cys145 and His41) and binding pocket residues of Mpro involving Met165, Glu166, Ser144, Gln189, His163, and Met49. Furthermore, the adequate binding free energy and potential mean force of the topmost compound 3h was comparable to the experimental inhibitors 11a and 11b of Mpro. Overall, the current analysis could be beneficial in developing the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Singh
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP, 176061, India,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Bhardwaj
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP, 176061, India,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Pralay Das
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India,Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dhananjay Bhattacherjee
- Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 ul. Mira, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory V. Zyryanov
- Ural Federal University Named After the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, 19 ul. Mira, 620002, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation,I. Ya. Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 ul. S. Kovalevskoi, 620219, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation
| | - Rituraj Purohit
- Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP, 176061, India,Biotechnology Division, CSIR-IHBT, Palampur, HP, 176061, India,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India,Corresponding author. Structural Bioinformatics Lab, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (CSIR-IHBT), Palampur, HP, 176061, India
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Chang J. 4'-Modified Nucleosides for Antiviral Drug Discovery: Achievements and Perspectives. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:565-578. [PMID: 35077644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Modified nucleosides show therapeutic promise for antiviral therapies. However, issues including the emergence of drug resistance, toxicity, and coinfections have posed new challenges for nucleoside-based antiviral drug discovery, particularly in the era of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Chemical manipulation could impact the antiviral potency, safety, and drug resistance of nucleosides. Generally, modified nucleosides are difficult to recognize by intracellular important enzymes as substrates and thus exhibit low toxicity. 4'-Modified nucleosides represent an important subclass of modified nucleosides for antiviral therapies. To prevent the occurrence of drug resistance, 4'-modified nucleosides should have 3'-OH, which should also be chemically unreactive for proviral DNA biosynthesis. The absence of 3'-OH may explain the occurrence of drug resistance for censavudine. The introduction of 4'-substituents improves enzymatic and acidic stability and makes the nucleosides more lipophilic, thus improving cell permeability and bioavailability. Steric hindrance between the 4'-substituent and 3'-OH changes the furanose conformation to the 3'-endo type, in which the oxygen lone pair on the furanose ring could not form an oxocarbonium ion for glycolysis. Currently, seven 4'-modified nucleoside drug candidates such as azvudine (also known as FNC), islatravir, censavudine, balapiravir, lumicitabine, AL-335, and 4-azidothymidine have progressed into clinical stages for treating viral infections. Of note, FNC was officially approved by NMPA in July 2021 for use in adult patients with high HIV-1 virus loads (nos. H20210035 and H20210036), providing an alternative therapeutic for patients with HIV-1. The long-term cellular retention of FNC suggests its potential as a long-lasting pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) agent for preventing HIV-1 infection. Mechanistically, FNC not only inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcription and replication but also restored A3G expression in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 patients receiving FNC. The 4'-azido group in azvudine stabilizes the 3'-C-endo (north) conformation by steric effects and the formation of an intramolecular hydrogen bond with the 3'-OH group, thus decreasing the nucleophilicity of 3'-OH. The north conformation may also enhance the phosphorylation efficiency of FNC by cellular kinases. Encouragingly, FNC, islatravir, and balapiravir show promise for the treatment of coronaviruses, of which FNC has advanced to phase 3 clinical trials in different countries to treat patients with COVID-19 (clinical trial numbers: NCT04668235 and NCT04425772). FNC cured the COVID-19 disease in almost all patients and showed better therapeutic efficacy than remdesivir. In this Account, we provide an overview of 4'-modified nucleoside analogs in clinical stages for antiviral therapies, highlighting the drug discovery strategies, structure-activity relationship studies, and preclinical/clinical studies and also give our perspectives on nucleoside-based antiviral drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecules and Drug Innovation, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,6-bis-triazole-2,3,4-tri-O-benzyl-α-d-glucopyranosides as a novel α-glucosidase inhibitor in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 50:128331. [PMID: 34418573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of 1,6-bis-triazole-benzyl-α-glucoside derivatives (7a-7ee) were designed, synthesized and evaluated for inhibitory activity against α-glucosidase. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited good activity with IC50 ranging from 3.73 µM to 53.34 µM and are more potent than the standard drug acarbose (IC50 = 146.25 ± 0.40 µM). SARs study showed the ester and menthol moiety play an important role in the inhibitory activity. The molecular docking model of the potent compounds 7f, 7z, 7cc and 7dd showed good binding energy and interacts well with amino acid residues around the active site of the enzyme, which confirmed the in vitro activity results.
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Lin X, Liang C, Zou L, Yin Y, Wang J, Chen D, Lan W. Advance of structural modification of nucleosides scaffold. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 214:113233. [PMID: 33550179 PMCID: PMC7995807 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With Remdesivir being approved by FDA as a drug for the treatment of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), nucleoside drugs have once again received widespread attention in the medical community. Herein, we summarized modification of traditional nucleoside framework (sugar + base), traizole nucleosides, nucleoside analogues assembled by other drugs, macromolecule-modified nucleosides, and their bioactivity rules. 2′-“Ara”-substituted by –F or –CN group, and 3′-“ara” substituted by acetylenyl group can greatly influence their anti-tumor activities. Dideoxy dehydrogenation of 2′,3′-sites can enhance antiviral efficiencies. Acyclic nucleosides and L-type nucleosides mainly represented antiviral capabilities. 5-F Substituted uracil analogues exihibit anti-tumor effects, and the substrates substituted by –I, –CF3, bromovinyl group usually show antiviral activities. The sugar coupled with 1-N of triazolid usually displays anti-tumor efficiencies, while the sugar coupled with 2-N of triazolid mainly represents antiviral activities. The nucleoside analogues assembled by cholesterol, polyethylene glycol, fatty acid and phospholipid would improve their bioavailabilities and bioactivities, or reduce their toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lin
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | | | - Lianjia Zou
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Yanchun Yin
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Jianyi Wang
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Guangxi Medical College, Nanning, 530023, China
| | - Weisen Lan
- College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
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Gomes CB, Balaguez RA, Larroza A, Smaniotto TA, Domingues M, Casaril AM, Silva MS, Rodrigues OED, Savegnago L, Alves D. Organocatalysis in the Synthesis of 1,2,3‐Triazoyl‐zidovudine Derivatives: Synthesis and Preliminary Antioxidant Activity. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina B. Gomes
- LASOL-CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Renata A. Balaguez
- LASOL-CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Allya Larroza
- LASOL-CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Thiago A. Smaniotto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB) Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Micaela Domingues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB) Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Angela M. Casaril
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB) Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Márcio S. Silva
- LASOL-CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Oscar E. D. Rodrigues
- LabSelen-NanoBio - Departamento de Química Universidade Federal de Santa Maria UFSM 97115-900 Santa Maria RS Brazil
| | - Lucielli Savegnago
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (PPGB) Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Diego Alves
- LASOL-CCQFA Universidade Federal de Pelotas - UFPel P.O. Box 354 96010-900 Pelotas RS Brazil
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Tangadanchu VKR, Gundabathini SR, Bethala L. A. PD, Yedla P, Chityal GK. Isomannide monoundecenoate‐based 1,2,3‐triazoles: Design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactive evaluation. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vijai Kumar Reddy Tangadanchu
- Centre for Lipid Science & Technology CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
- Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri USA
| | | | | | - Poornachandra Yedla
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
| | - Ganesh Kumar Chityal
- Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry CSIR‐Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad India
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Feng LS, Zheng MJ, Zhao F, Liu D. 1,2,3-Triazole hybrids with anti-HIV-1 activity. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 354:e2000163. [PMID: 32960467 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the major etiological agent responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a serious infectious disease and remains one of the most prevalent problems at present. Currently, combined antiretroviral therapy is the primary modality for the treatment and management of HIV/AIDS, but the long-term use can result in major drawbacks such as the development of multidrug-resistant viruses and multiple side effects. 1,2,3-Triazole is the common framework in the development of new drugs, and its derivatives have the potential to inhibit various HIV-1 enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease, consequently possessing a potential anti-HIV-1 activity. This review covers the recent advances regarding the 1,2,3-triazole hybrids with potential anti-HIV-1 activity; it focuses on the chemical structures, structure-activity relationship, and mechanisms of action, covering articles published from 2010 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Duan Liu
- WuXi AppTec Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China
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13
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Golobokova TV, Proidakov AG, Kizhnyaev VN. Selective Synthesis of Functionally Substituted
1,2,3-Triazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428020030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Doherty W, Dürr EM, Baddock HT, Lee SY, McHugh PJ, Brown T, Senge MO, Scanlan EM, McGouran JF. A hydroxamic-acid-containing nucleoside inhibits DNA repair nuclease SNM1A. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:8094-8105. [PMID: 31380542 PMCID: PMC6984127 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob01133a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nine modified nucleosides, incorporating zinc-binding pharmacophores, have been synthesised and evaluated as inhibitors of the DNA repair nuclease SNM1A. The series included oxyamides, hydroxamic acids, hydroxamates, a hydrazide, a squarate ester and a squaramide. A hydroxamic acid-derived nucleoside inhibited the enzyme, offering a novel approach for potential therapeutic development through the use of rationally designed nucleoside derived inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Doherty
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Eva-Maria Dürr
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Hannah T Baddock
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sook Y Lee
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK and Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Peter J McHugh
- Department of Oncology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mathias O Senge
- Molecular Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, St James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Eoin M Scanlan
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Joanna F McGouran
- School of Chemistry and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 152-160 Pearse St, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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Abstract
Prominent in the current stage of drug development, antiviral compounds can be efficiently prepared through cycloaddition reactions. The chapter reports the use of classical Diels–Alder and their hetero version for the design and synthesis of compounds that were tested for their antiviral activities against a variety of viruses. Furthermore, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of selected 1,3-dipoles, such as azides, nitrones, and nitrile oxides, are reviewed in the light of their application in the preparation of key intermediates for antiviral synthesis. A few examples of [2+2] cycloaddition reactions are also presented. The products obtained from these pericyclic reaction approaches were all tested for their activities in terms of blocking the virus replication, and the relevant biological data are highlighted.
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Dürr E, Doherty W, Lee SY, El‐Sagheer AH, Shivalingam A, McHugh PJ, Brown T, McGouran JF. Squaramide-Based 5'-Phosphate Replacements Bind to the DNA Repair Exonuclease SNM1A. ChemistrySelect 2018; 3:12824-12829. [PMID: 31414040 PMCID: PMC6685075 DOI: 10.1002/slct.201803375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Phosphate groups are often crucial to biological activity and interactions of oligonucleotides, but confer poor membrane permeability. In addition, the group's lability to enzymatic hydrolysis is an obstacle to its use in therapeutics and in biological tools. We present the synthesis of N-oxyamide and squaramide modifications at the 5'-end of oligonucleotides as phosphate replacements and their biological evaluation using the 5'-exonuclease SNM1A. The squaryl diamide modification showed minimal recognition as a 5'-phosphate mimic; however, modest inhibition of SNM1A, postulated to occur through metal coordination at the active site, was observed. Their facile incorporation after solid-phase synthesis and recognition by the exonuclease makes squaryl diamides attractive neutral 5'-phosphate replacements for oligonucleotides. This work is the first example of squaryl diamide modifications at the 5'-terminal position of oligonucleotides and of the potential use of modified oligonucleotides to bind to the metal center of SNM1A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva‐Maria Dürr
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin152-160 Pearse St.Dublin 2Ireland
| | - William Doherty
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin152-160 Pearse St.Dublin 2Ireland
| | - Sook Y. Lee
- Department of OncologyWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX3 9DSUK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxford OX1 3TAUK
| | - Afaf H. El‐Sagheer
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxford OX1 3TAUK
- Chemistry Branch, Department of Science and MathematicsFaculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez UniversitySuez43721Egypt
| | - Arun Shivalingam
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxford OX1 3TAUK
| | - Peter J. McHugh
- Department of OncologyWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of Oxford, John Radcliffe HospitalOxford OX3 9DSUK
| | - Tom Brown
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxford OX1 3TAUK
| | - Joanna F. McGouran
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteTrinity College Dublin152-160 Pearse St.Dublin 2Ireland
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17
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Srivastava S, Maikhuri VK, Kumar R, Bohra K, Singla H, Maity J, Prasad AK. Synthesis and Photophysical Studies on N1-(2′-O,4′-C-Methyleneribofurano-nucleoside-3′-yl)-C4-(coumarin-7-oxymethyl)-1,2,3-triazoles. Carbohydr Res 2018; 470:19-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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18
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Suthagar K, Jiao W, Munier-Lehmann H, Fairbanks AJ. Synthesis of sulfamide analogues of deoxthymidine monophosphate as potential inhibitors of mycobacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Carbohydr Res 2018; 457:32-40. [PMID: 29348046 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The recently discovered enzyme Mycobacterium tuberculosis thymidine monophosphate kinase (TMPKmt), which catalyses the phosphorylation of deoxythymidine monophosphate (dTMP) to give deoxythymidine diphosphate (dTDP), is indispensable for the growth and survival of M. tuberculosis as it plays an essential role in DNA synthesis. Inhibition of TMPKmt is an attractive avenue for the development of novel anti-tuberculosis agents. Based on the premise that sulfamide may be a suitable isostere of phosphate, deoxythymidine analogues comprising various substituted sulfamides at C5' were modelled in silico into the active site of TMPKmt (PDB accession code: 1N5K) using induced-fit docking methods. A selection of modelled compounds was synthesized, and their activity as inhibitors of TMPKmt was evaluated. Three compounds showed competitive inhibition of TMPKmt in the micromolar range (10-50 μM). Compounds were tested in vitro for anti-mycobacterial activity against M. smegmatis: three compounds showed weak anti-mycobacterial activity (MIC 250 μg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajitha Suthagar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
| | - Wanting Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand; Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Hélène Munier-Lehmann
- Institut Pasteur, Unité de Chimie et Biocatalyse, 28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724, Paris Cedex 15, France; CNRS UMR3523, 28 rue du Dr Roux, France
| | - Antony J Fairbanks
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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19
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Eyer L, Nencka R, de Clercq E, Seley-Radtke K, Růžek D. Nucleoside analogs as a rich source of antiviral agents active against arthropod-borne flaviviruses. Antivir Chem Chemother 2018; 26:2040206618761299. [PMID: 29534608 PMCID: PMC5890575 DOI: 10.1177/2040206618761299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoside analogs represent the largest class of small molecule-based antivirals, which currently form the backbone of chemotherapy of chronic infections caused by HIV, hepatitis B or C viruses, and herpes viruses. High antiviral potency and favorable pharmacokinetics parameters make some nucleoside analogs suitable also for the treatment of acute infections caused by other medically important RNA and DNA viruses. This review summarizes available information on antiviral research of nucleoside analogs against arthropod-borne members of the genus Flavivirus within the family Flaviviridae, being primarily focused on description of nucleoside inhibitors of flaviviral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, methyltransferase, and helicase/NTPase. Inhibitors of intracellular nucleoside synthesis and newly discovered nucleoside derivatives with high antiflavivirus potency, whose modes of action are currently not completely understood, have drawn attention. Moreover, this review highlights important challenges and complications in nucleoside analog development and suggests possible strategies to overcome these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luděk Eyer
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Nencka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Erik de Clercq
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Daniel Růžek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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20
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Głowacka IE, Andrei G, Schols D, Snoeck R, Gawron K. Design, Synthesis, and the Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Acyclic 1,2,3-Triazole Nucleosides. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2017; 350:1700166. [PMID: 28763115 PMCID: PMC7161868 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201700166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of N3 -benzoylated- and N3 -benzylated N1 -propargylquinazoline-2,4-diones 30a-d and 31a-d from isatoic anhydride 41 is reported. The alkynes 30a-d and 31a-d were applied in the 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions with azides 27 and 28 to synthesize acyclic 1,2,3-triazole nucleosides. The obtained alkynes and 1,2,3-triazole were evaluated for antiviral activity against a broad range of DNA and RNA viruses. The alkyne 30d showed activity against adenovirus-2 (EC50 = 8.3 μM), while compounds 37a and 37d were also active toward herpes simplex virus-1 wild-type and thymidine kinase deficient (HSV-1 TK- ) strains (EC50 values in the range of 4.6-13.8 μM). In addition, compounds 30a, 30b, 37b, and 37c exhibited activity toward varicella-zoster virus (VZV) TK+ and TK- strains (EC50 = 2.1-9.5 μM). The compound 30b proved to be the most selective against VZV and displayed marginal activity against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Although the compound 30a had improved anti-HCMV activity, the increase in anti-HCMV activity was accompanied by significant toxicity. Compounds 37a and 37d showed inhibitory effects toward the human T lymphocyte (CEM) cell line (IC50 = 21 ± 7 and 22 ± 1 μM, respectively), while compound 35 exhibited cytostatic activity toward HMEC-1 cells (IC50 = 28 ± 2 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona E. Głowacka
- Bioorganic Chemistry LaboratoryFaculty of PharmacyMedical University of ŁódźŁódźPoland
| | | | | | - Robert Snoeck
- Rega Institute for Medical ResearchKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Katarzyna Gawron
- Bioorganic Chemistry LaboratoryFaculty of PharmacyMedical University of ŁódźŁódźPoland
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21
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Dheer D, Singh V, Shankar R. Medicinal attributes of 1,2,3-triazoles: Current developments. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:30-54. [PMID: 28126288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 529] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
1,2,3-Triazoles are important five-membered heterocyclic scaffold due to their extensive biological activities. This framework can be readily obtained in good to excellent yields on the multigram scale through click chemistry via reaction of aryl/alkyl halides, alkynes and NaN3 under ambient conditions. It has been an emerging area of interest for many researchers throughout the globe owing to its immense pharmacological scope. The present work aims to summarize the current approaches adopted for the synthesis of the 1,2,3-triazole and medicinal significance of these architectures as a lead structure for the discovery of drug molecules such as COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors (celecoxib, pyrazofurin), HIV protease inhibitors, CB1 cannabinoid receptor antagonist and much more which are in the pipeline of clinical trials. The emphasis has been given on the major advancements in the medicinal prospectus of this pharmacophore for the period during 2008-2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Dheer
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM, Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Virender Singh
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Jalandhar 144011, Punjab, India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-IIIM, Jammu Campus, Jammu 180001, India; Bio-organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
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22
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Johansson JR, Beke-Somfai T, Said Stålsmeden A, Kann N. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Azide Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:14726-14768. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johan R. Johansson
- Cardiovascular
and Metabolic Diseases, Innovative Medicines and Early Development
Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Pepparedsleden 1, SE-43183 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- Research
Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok
krt. 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Said Stålsmeden
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Nina Kann
- Chemistry
and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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23
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González-Calderón D, Mejía-Dionicio MG, Morales-Reza MA, Ramírez-Villalva A, Morales-Rodríguez M, Jauregui-Rodríguez B, Díaz-Torres E, González-Romero C, Fuentes-Benítes A. Azide-enolate 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in the synthesis of novel triazole-based miconazole analogues as promising antifungal agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 112:60-65. [PMID: 26890112 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seven miconazole analogs involving 1,4,5-tri and 1,5-disubstituted triazole moieties were synthesized by azide-enolate 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition. The antifungal activity of these compounds was evaluated in vitro against four filamentous fungi, including Aspergillus fumigatus, Trichosporon cutaneum, Rhizopus oryzae, and Mucor hiemalis as well as three species of Candida spp. as yeast specimens. These pre-clinical studies suggest that compounds 4b, 4d and 7b can be considered as drug candidates for future complementary biological studies due to their good/excellent antifungal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davir González-Calderón
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico.
| | - María G Mejía-Dionicio
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Marco A Morales-Reza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Ramírez-Villalva
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Macario Morales-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Bertha Jauregui-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Díaz-Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Carlos González-Romero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico
| | - Aydeé Fuentes-Benítes
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Paseo Colón/Paseo Tollocan s/n, Toluca, Estado de México, 50120, Mexico.
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