In the pursuit of novel therapeutic agents: synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and physicochemical insights of novel pyrimidine-based 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives

Cancer remains a worldwide healthcare undertaking, demanding continual innovation in anticancer drug development due to frequent drug resistance and adverse effects associated with existing therapies. The benzothiazole compounds, particularly 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives, have attracted interest for their versatility in generating novel anticancer agents. This study explores the synthesis, and anticancer evaluation of new pyrimidine-based 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives. A range of synthetic methods have been developed based on the reaction of 2-benzothaizolyl guanidine with various reagents such as α,β-unsaturated carbonyl, 2-cyano-three-(dimethylamino)-N-acrylamide, β-diketones, β-keto esters, and S,S ketene dithioacetals. Human tumour cell lines such as HepG2, HCT116, and MCF7 were used in in vitro cytotoxicity studies, and the results showed that several of the synthesized compounds were more potent than the standard drug, 5-fluorouracil, in terms of cell viability% with low IC50. Furthermore, the computed drug likeness and ADMET properties of the most potent synthesized compounds suggest their potential as promising candidates for further development, with favorable bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles.

Synthesis of new horizons in benzothiazole scaffold and used in anticancer drug development

Benzothiazole scaffolds exhibit exciting medicinal properties including anticancer. In recent time most complicated job for every researcher is to discover a novel drug that can treat cancer with minimal side effects. Some heterocyclic anticancer drugs including daunorubicin, 5-flourouracil, doxorubicin, methotrexate, etc. are markedly available. In addition, few natural products such as vincristine alongwith vinblastine are used as anticancer drugs. More than 90% of the novel drugs bearing heterocyclic moieties have always been main portions in the development of anticancer drugs. Heterocyclic compounds containing benzothiazole moiety show a superior pharmaceutical effect than non-nitrogen compounds. These N-/S-containing benzothiazole compounds, the heart of drug discovery, present a significant and valuable group of molecules that play a chief and vital role in our living cells. This chapter recites the weightage of benzothiazole nuclei in the progress of anticancer drugs.

Benzothiazole derivatives as anticancer agents

Benzothiazole (BTA) belongs to the heterocyclic class of bicyclic compounds. BTA derivatives possesses broad spectrum biological activities such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-proliferative, anti-diabetic, anti-convulsant, analgesic, anti-tubercular, antimalarial, anti-leishmanial, anti-histaminic and anti-fungal among others. The BTA scaffolds showed a crucial role in the inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). In this review an extensive literature survey over the last decade discloses the role of BTA derivatives mainly as anticancer agents. Such compounds are effective against various types of cancer cell lines through a multitude of mechanisms, some of which are poorly studied or understood. The inhibition of tumour associated CAs by BTA derivatives is on the other hand better investigated and such compounds may serve as anticancer leads for the development of agents effective against hypoxic tumours.

Contemporary progress in the synthesis and reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazole: a review

Various protocols for the synthesis and reactions of 2-aminobenzothiazole.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of triazole and isoxazole-tagged benzothiazole/benzoxazole derivatives as potent cytotoxic agents

Cancer is a major health problem and the most upsetting disease in humans, leading to death in both developed and developing countries.

Fluorinated thiazolidinols cause cell death in A549 lung cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR and MAPK/ERK signalling pathways

Fluorinated thiazolidinols cause A549 lung cancer cell death by acting via PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/ERK pathways.