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First-in-Class Selenium-Containing Potent Serotonin Receptor 5-HT 6 Agents with a Beneficial Neuroprotective Profile against Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:1580-1610. [PMID: 38190615 PMCID: PMC10823479 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a complex and not-fully-understood etiology. Recently, the serotonin receptor 5-HT6 emerged as a promising target for AD treatment; thus, here a new series of 5-HT6R ligands with a 1,3,5-triazine core and selenoether linkers was explored. Among them, the 2-naphthyl derivatives exhibited strong 5-HT6R affinity and selectivity over 5-HT1AR (13-15), 5-HT7R (14 and 15), and 5-HT2AR (13). Compound 15 displayed high selectivity for 5-HT6R over other central nervous system receptors and exhibited low risk of cardio-, hepato-, and nephrotoxicity and no mutagenicity, indicating its "drug-like" potential. Compound 15 also demonstrated neuroprotection against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity as well as antioxidant and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity and regulated antioxidant and pro-inflammatory genes and NRF2 nuclear translocation. In rats, 15 showed satisfying pharmacokinetics, penetrated the blood-brain barrier, reversed MK-801-induced memory impairment, and exhibited anxiolytic-like properties. 15's neuroprotective and procognitive-like effects, stronger than those of the approved drug donepezil, may pave the way for the use of selenotriazines to inhibit both causes and symptoms in AD therapy.
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Mitochondria-Targeted Delivery Strategy of Dual-Loaded Liposomes for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10494. [PMID: 37445673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes modified with tetradecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide with dual loading of α-tocopherol and donepezil hydrochloride were successfully designed for intranasal administration. Physicochemical characteristics of cationic liposomes such as the hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, and polydispersity index were within the range from 105 to 115 nm, from +10 to +23 mV, and from 0.1 to 0.2, respectively. In vitro release curves of donepezil hydrochloride were analyzed using the Korsmeyer-Peppas, Higuchi, First-Order, and Zero-Order kinetic models. Nanocontainers modified with cationic surfactant statistically better penetrate into the mitochondria of rat motoneurons. Imaging of rat brain slices revealed the penetration of nanocarriers into the brain. Experiments on transgenic mice with an Alzheimer's disease model (APP/PS1) demonstrated that the intranasal administration of liposomes within 21 days resulted in enhanced learning abilities and a reduction in the formation rate of Aβ plaques in the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus of the brain.
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Direct and Regioselective C−H Selenylation of 4‐Aminocoumarin Derivatives Mediated by Selectfluor®. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202300377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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4
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Antioxidant Compounds in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Natural, Hybrid, and Synthetic Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:8056462. [PMID: 36865743 PMCID: PMC9974281 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8056462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is associated with cognitive dysfunction and memory lapse has become a health concern. Various targets and pathways have been involved in AD's progress, such as deficit of acetylcholine (ACh), oxidative stress, inflammation, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, and biometal dyshomeostasis. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that stress oxidative participation in an early stage of AD and the generated ROS could enable neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death. Hence, antioxidant therapies are applied in treating AD as a beneficial strategy. This review refers to the development and use of antioxidant compounds based on natural products, hybrid designs, and synthetic compounds. The results of using these antioxidant compounds were discussed with the given examples, and future directions for the development of antioxidants were evaluated.
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Selenium-Derivative Compounds: A Review of New Perspectives in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Med Chem 2023; 30:689-700. [PMID: 35209817 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220224161454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent types of dementia, affecting millions of older people worldwide. AD is stimulating efforts to develop novel molecules targeting its main features associated with a decrease in acetylcholine levels, an increase in oxidative stress and depositions of amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau protein. In this regard, selenium-containing compounds have been demonstrated as potential multi-targeted compounds in the treatment of AD. These compounds are known for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties, causing a decrease in Aβ aggregation. OBJECTIVE In this review, we approach structure-activity relationships of each compound, associating the decrease of ROS activity, an increase of tau-like activity and inhibition of AChE with a decrease in the self-aggregation of Aβ. METHODS We also verify that the molecular descriptors apol, nHBAcc and MlogP may be related to optimized pharmacokinetic properties for anti-AD drugs. RESULTS In our analysis, few selenium-derived compounds presented similar molecular features to FDA-approved drugs. CONCLUSION We suggest that unknown selenium-derived molecules with apol, nHBAcc and MlogP like FDA-approved drugs may be better successes with optimized pharmacokinetic properties in future studies in AD.
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Green synthesis and characterization of mixed-phase Fe2O3 nanorods as a novel magnetically recoverable heterogeneous catalyst for Biginelli synthesis. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
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Multicomponent reactions as a privileged tool for multitarget-directed ligand strategies in Alzheimer's disease therapy. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1583-1606. [PMID: 36263996 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Among neurodegenerative pathologies affecting the older population, Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia and leads to neurocognitive and behavioral disorders. It is a complex and progressive age-related multifactorial disease characterized by a series of highly interconnected pathophysiological processes. Within the last decade, the multitarget-directed ligand strategy has emerged as a viable approach to developing complex molecules that exhibit several pharmacophores which can target the different enzymes and receptors involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. Herein, we focus on using multicomponent reactions such as Hantzsch, Biginelli and Ugi to develop these biologically active multitopic ligands.
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Organoselenium compounds. Synthesis, application, and biological activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2022.2119237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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9
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Anticancer evaluation of the selected tetrahydropyrimidines: 3D-QSAR, cytotoxic activities, mechanism of action, DNA, and BSA interactions. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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10
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Evaluation of novel multifunctional organoselenium compounds as potential cholinesterase inhibitors against Alzheimer’s disease. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Dihydropyrimidinones Scaffold as a Promising Nucleus for Synthetic Profile and Various Therapeutic Targets: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2020; 18:270-293. [PMID: 33290199 DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666201207215710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This review elaborates the updated synthetic and pharmacological approaches of a known group of dihydropyrimidinones/thiones from the multi-component reaction like Biginelli reaction, which was named Pietro Biginelli in 1891. This review consists of the reaction of an aromatic aldehyde, urea and ethyl acetoacetate leading to dihydropyrimidinone/thione. Currently, the scientific movement to develop economically viable green methods using compounds that are reusable, non-volatile, easily obtained, etc. Objective: This review covers the recent synthesis and pharmacological advancement of dihydropyrimidinones/ thiones moiety, along with covering the structure-activity relationship of the most potent compounds, which may prove to become better, more efficacious and safer agents. Thus, this review may help the researchers in drug designing and development of new Dihydropyrimidinones entities. CONCLUSION This review focuses on the wide application of dihydropyrimidinone/thione review reports the design, synthesis and pharmacological activities of nitrogen-sulphur containing dihydropyrimidinone moiety by using multi-component reaction. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPM) pharmacophore is an important heterocyclic ring in medicinal chemistry. It is derived from multi-component reactions, "Biginelli reaction" and plays a critical role as anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV-1, antimalarial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive and anti-tubercular agents. Exhaustive research has led to its vast biological profile, with a wide range of therapeutic application.
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Synthesis, characterization, CT‐DNA binding and docking studies of novel selenated ligands and their palladium complexes. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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14
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A comparative study between Cu(INA)2-MOF and [Cu(INA)2(H2O)4] complex for a click reaction and the Biginelli reaction under solvent-free conditions. RSC Adv 2020; 10:3407-3415. [PMID: 35497731 PMCID: PMC9048522 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra10171c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The catalytic activity of metal–organic framework Cu(INA)2 (INA = isonicotinate ion) and the complex [Cu(INA)2(H2O)4] were studied in the Copper-catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) and Biginelli reaction under solvent-free reaction conditions. The robust, efficient and eco-friendly new method allowed the preparation of a variety of 1,2,3-triazole compounds in good to excellent yields and high selectivity for the 1,4-disubstituted triazole. Moreover, for the Biginelli reaction between aldehydes, ethyl acetoacetate and urea, the corresponding dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) were also obtained in satisfactory yields under mild reaction conditions for both catalysts. The comparative study between Cu(INA)2-MOF and [Cu(INA)2(H2O)4] complex demonstrated better results for the Cu-MOF, for both the yields and the regioselectivity of the products. Furthermore, no change in the heterogeneous catalyst structure was observed after the reaction, allowing them to be recovered and reused without any loss of activity. The catalytic application of Cu(INA)2-MOF in click and Biginelli reactions was investigated and a comparative study with the [Cu(INA)2(H2O)4] complex was performed.![]()
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Synthesis and vasodilator activity of new 1,4-dihyropyridines bearing sulfonylurea, urea and thiourea moieties. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-019-00925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Discovery of the Biginelli hybrids as novel caspase-9 activators in apoptotic machines: Lipophilicity, molecular docking study, influence on angiogenesis gene and miR-21 expression levels. Bioorg Chem 2019; 86:569-582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diselenoamino acid derivatives as GPx mimics and as substrates of TrxR: in vitro and in silico studies. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:3777-3787. [PMID: 29737350 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Excessive production of reactive species in living cells usually has pathological effects. Consequently, the synthesis of compounds which can mimic the activity of antioxidant enzymes has inspired great interest. In this study, a variety of diselenoamino acid derivatives from phenylalanine and valine were tested to determine whether they could be functional mimics of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and substrates for liver thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Diselenides C and D showed the best GPx mimicking properties when compared with A and B. We suppose that the catalytic activity of diselenide GPx mimics depends on the steric effects, which can be influenced by the number of carbon atoms between the selenium atom and the amino acid residue and/or by the amino acid lateral residue. Compounds C and D stimulated NADPH oxidation in the presence of partially purified hepatic mammalian TrxR, indicating that they are substrates for TrxR. Our study indicates a possible dissociation between the two pathways for peroxide degradation (i.e., via a substrate for TrxR or via mimicry of GPx) for compounds tested in this study, except for PhSeSePh, and the antioxidant activity of diselenoamino acids can also be attributed to their capacity to mimic GPx and to be a substrate for mammalian TrxR.
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Oxone®-mediated direct arylselenylation of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazoles, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and 1H-pyrazoles. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2018.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Abstract
AbstractSelenium is a biocompatible element and participates in several biochemical reactions occurring in the human body. Its biocompatibility and minimal toxicity has attracted researchers to develop selenium-based drugs. Hence, recent developments on biomedical applications of selenium-based compounds have been discussed. A structure activity relationship has also been interpreted.
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Novel pyrimidinic selenourea induces DNA damage, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in human breast carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 155:503-515. [PMID: 29908443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Novel pyrimidinic selenoureas were synthesized and evaluated against tumour and normal cell lines. Among these, the compound named 3j initially showed relevant cytotoxicity and selectivity for tumour cells. Three analogues of 3j were designed and synthesized keeping in view the structural requirements of this compound. Almost all the tested compounds displayed considerable cytotoxicity. However, 8a, one of the 3j analogues, was shown to be highly selective and cytotoxic, especially for breast carcinoma cells (MCF-7) (IC50 = 3.9 μM). Furthermore, 8a caused DNA damage, inhibited cell proliferation, was able to arrest cell cycle in S phase, and induced cell death by apoptosis in human breast carcinoma cells. Moreover, predictions of pharmacokinetic properties showed that 8a may present good absorption and permeation characteristics for oral administration. Overall, the current study established 8a as a potential drug prototype to be employed as a DNA interactive cytotoxic agent for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Rational design and synthesis of dihydropyrimidine based dual binding site acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Synthesis and evaluation of dihydropyrimidinone-derived selenoesters as multi-targeted directed compounds against Alzheimer’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:5762-5770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chiral oxazino-indoles as potential and selective neuroprotective agents against Aβ25–35-induced neuronal damage. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3765-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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25
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Synthesis of selenoureas and heterocycles based thereon. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015040016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ultrasound assisted multicomponent reactions: a green method for the synthesis of highly functionalized selenopyridines using reusable polyethylene glycol as reaction medium. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02403j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple and benign one-pot protocol for the synthesis of 2-amino selenopyrindine derivatives 4 has been developed using ultrasound assisted multicomponent reactions of aldehydes, malononitrile and benzeneselenol in PEG-400.
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