1
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Müller DS. Advancements in hydrochlorination of alkenes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:787-814. [PMID: 38655559 PMCID: PMC11035990 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The hydrochlorination of alkenes has been extensively studied in research and is commonly featured in organic chemistry textbooks as an exemplification of the Markovnikov rule. However, the application of this reaction is typically limited to specific alkenes, such as highly substituted ones, styrenes, or strained systems. Conversely, monosubstituted or 1,2-disubstituted alkenes do not readily react with HCl gas or solutions of HCl gas at practical rates. The challenges associated with hydrochlorination reactions for these "non-activated" alkenes have spurred considerable research efforts over the past 30 years, which constitute the primary focus of this review. The discussion begins with classical polar hydrochlorinations, followed by metal-promoted radical hydrochlorinations, and concludes with a brief overview of recent anti-Markovnikov hydrochlorinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Müller
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes) – UMR 6226, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, F-35000 Rennes, France
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2
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Development of TfOH‐Catalyzed Spirocyclization by Intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts‐type 1,4‐Addition: Application to the Total Synthesis of the Unusual Proaporphine Alkaloid (±)‐Misrametine. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202188. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Deepake SK, Kumar M, Kumar P, DAS UTPAL. α‐Angelica Lactone Catalysed Oxidation of Pyrrolidines to Lactams. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth K Deepake
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry 411008 Pune INDIA
| | - Manish Kumar
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry 411008 Pune INDIA
| | - Pawan Kumar
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry 411008 Pune INDIA
| | - UTPAL DAS
- National Chemical Laboratory CSIR Division of Organic Chemistry Pashan Road411008411008 411008 Pune INDIA
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4
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Abstract
Herein, we describe a DBU/O2-promoted novel method for oxidation of dienones to 2,6-dione derivatives. The reaction involves treatment of a dienone with DBU in acetonitrile employing molecular oxygen as the oxidant. Metal free conditions and an eco-friendly reagent are the striking features of this protocol. This transformation proceeds through a peroxide intermediate that upon Kornblum-DeLaMare rearrangement produces 2,6-diones. The method was successfully utilized for the synthesis of (±)-pleodendione with improved yields versus those of the traditional PDC-TBHP method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paresh R Athawale
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Hanuman P Kalmode
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
| | - D Srinivasa Reddy
- Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.,CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrated Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India
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5
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Lv YF, Ren FC, Kuang MT, Miao Y, Li ZL, Hu JM, Zhou J. Total Synthesis of Gastrodinol via Photocatalytic 6π Electrocyclization. Org Lett 2020; 22:6822-6826. [PMID: 32830986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The first total synthesis of gastrodinol, an unprecedented poly-p-cresol-substituted natural product with a rearranged and reconstructed C ring moiety, is reported. Our synthesis features a convergent fragment approach. The Sonogashira coupling reaction forges the two segments together to furnish the conjugated ene-yne. Photocatalytic 6π electrocyclization followed by spontaneous aromatization is used to construct the tetrasubstituted B ring at the late stage. Further study shows that gastrodinol exhibits significant cytotoxic activity against five human cancer cell lines in vitro (IC50 2.5-3.8 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Feng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Fu-Cai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Meng-Ting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Yu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Lan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming 650201, P.R. China
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6
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Thatikonda T, Deepake SK, Kumar P, Das U. α-Angelica lactone catalyzed oxidation of benzylic sp 3 C-H bonds of isochromans and phthalans. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:4046-4050. [PMID: 32427256 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00729c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A metal-free organocatalytic system has been developed for highly efficient benzylic C-H oxygenations of cyclic ethers using oxygen as an oxidant. This oxidation reaction utilizes α-angelica lactone as a low cost/low molecular weight catalyst. The optimized reaction conditions allow the synthesis of valued isocoumarins and phthalides from readily available precursors in good yields. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction pathway likely involves a radical process via a peroxide intermediate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanusha Thatikonda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India.
| | - Siddharth K Deepake
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR - National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India. and Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Lardon N, Liffert R, Linden A, Gademann K. The Furan Shuffling Hypothesis: A Biogenetic Proposal for Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:7004-7007. [PMID: 30901154 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Based on the structural similarities of the recently isolated eremophilane-type sesquiterpenoids microsphaeropsisin B and C and the iso-eremophilane periconianone C, a revised biogenetic hypothesis for C8-C11-connected iso-eremophilanes is presented and corroborated by strong experimental evidence. The first enantioselective total syntheses of microsphaeropsisin B and C were achieved starting from a known intermediate, whose synthesis was elaborated previously in the total synthesis of periconianone A, and in a total of 15 steps starting from γ-hydroxy carvone. Mild reaction conditions for the subsequent α-ketol rearrangement not only resulted in the herein proposed conversion of microsphaeropsisin B into periconianone C, but also in the conversion of microsphaeropsisin C into 4-epi-periconianone C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lardon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Liffert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Lardon N, Liffert R, Linden A, Gademann K. The Furan Shuffling Hypothesis: A Biogenetic Proposal for Eremophilane Sesquiterpenoids. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201901898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Lardon
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Raphael Liffert
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anthony Linden
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zurich Switzerland
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9
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Thatikonda T, Deepake SK, Das U. α-Angelica Lactone in a New Role: Facile Access to N-Aryl Tetrahydroisoquinolinones and Isoindolinones via Organocatalytic α-CH2 Oxygenation. Org Lett 2019; 21:2532-2535. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thanusha Thatikonda
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
| | - Siddharth K. Deepake
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Utpal Das
- Division of Organic Chemistry, CSIR − National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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10
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Raji Reddy C, Warudikar K, Sridhar B. Synthetic Access to Cyclopenta[ a]inden-2(1 H)-ones from Morita-Baylis-Hillman Products of 2-Alkynyl Benzaldehydes. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15734-15742. [PMID: 31458226 PMCID: PMC6644149 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy for the synthesis of cyclopenta[a]inden-2(1H)-ones has been developed. An intramolecular Pauson-Khand reaction of the Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts, derived from 2-alkynyl benzaldehydes, provided the consequent novel cyclopenta[a]inden-2(1H)-ones bearing multifunctionalities including an ester group at the fused ring junction (tert-carbon center). The generality of this approach was illustrated by studying the several MBH derivatives containing diverse substitutions/functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chada Raji Reddy
- Department
of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry and Centre for X-Ray
Crystallography, CSIR—Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Kamalkishor Warudikar
- Department
of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry and Centre for X-Ray
Crystallography, CSIR—Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sridhar
- Department
of Organic Synthesis & Process Chemistry and Centre for X-Ray
Crystallography, CSIR—Indian Institute
of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad 500007, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110020, India
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11
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Fang K, Li G, She Y. Metal-Free Aerobic Oxidation of Nitro-Substituted Alkylarenes to Carboxylic Acids or Benzyl Alcohols Promoted by NaOH. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8092-8103. [PMID: 29905478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient and selective aerobic oxidation of nitro-substituted alkylarenes to functional compounds is a fundamental process that remains a challenge. Here, we report a metal-free, efficient, and practical approach for the direct and selective aerobic oxidation of nitro-substituted alkylarenes to carboxylic acids or benzyl alcohols. This sustainable system uses O2 as clean oxidant in a cheap and green NaOH/EtOH mixture. The position and type of substituent critically affect the products. In addition, this sustainable protocol enabled gram-scale preparation of carboxylic acid and benzyl alcohol derivatives with high chemoselectivities. Finally, the reactions can be conducted in a pressure reactor, which can conserve oxygen and prevent solvent loss. The approach was conducive to environmental protection and potential industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fang
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guijie Li
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbin She
- College of Chemical Engineering , Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou , Zhejiang 310014 , People's Republic of China
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12
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Henrot M, Jean A, Peixoto PA, Maddaluno J, De Paolis M. Flexible Total Synthesis of (±)-Aureothin, a Potent Antiproliferative Agent. J Org Chem 2016; 81:5190-201. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Henrot
- COBRA-IRCOF, CNRS, Université & INSA de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Alexandre Jean
- COBRA-IRCOF, CNRS, Université & INSA de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | | | - Jacques Maddaluno
- COBRA-IRCOF, CNRS, Université & INSA de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Michaël De Paolis
- COBRA-IRCOF, CNRS, Université & INSA de Rouen, Mont Saint Aignan, France
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13
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Liang YF, Wang X, Tang C, Shen T, Liu J, Jiao N. NHPI and palladium cocatalyzed aerobic oxidative acylation of arenes through a radical process. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1416-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08945j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen, the most environmentally friendly oxidant, was used as the terminal oxidant for palladium-catalyzed radical oxidative acylation of arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Conghui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Tao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Jianzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
| | - Ning Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs
- Peking University
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Peking University
- Beijing 100191
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