1
|
Muni-Morgan A, Lusk MG, Heil C, Goeckner AH, Chen H, McKenna AM, Holland PS. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter in urban stormwater pond and municipal wastewater discharges transformed by the Florida red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166291. [PMID: 37586508 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Karenia brevis blooms occur almost annually in southwest Florida, imposing significant ecological and human health impacts. Currently, 13 nutrient sources have been identified supporting blooms, including nearshore anthropogenic inputs such as stormwater and wastewater outflows. A 21-day bioassay was performed, where K. brevis cultures were inoculated with water sourced from three stormwater ponds along an age gradient (14, 18, and 34 yrs.) and one municipal wastewater effluent sample, with the aim of identifying biomolecular classes and transformations of dissolved organic matter (DOM) compounds used by K. brevis. All sample types supported K. brevis growth and showed compositional changes in their respective DOM pools. Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) catalogued the molecular composition of DOM and identified specific compound classes that were biodegraded. Results showed that K. brevis utilized species across a wide range of compositions that correspond to amino sugars, humic, and lignin-like biomolecular classes. The municipal wastewater and the youngest stormwater pond (SWP 14) effluent contained the largest pools of labile DOM compounds which were bioavailable to K. brevis, which indicates younger stormwater pond effluents may be as ecologically important as wastewater effluents to blooms. Conversely, generation of DOM compounds of greater complexity and a wide range of aromaticity was observed with the older (SWP 18 and SWP 34) stormwater pond treatments. These data confirm the potential for stormwater ponds and/or wastewater to contribute nutrients which can potentially support K. brevis blooms, revealing the need for improved nutrient retention strategies to protect coastal waters from the potential ill effects of urban effluent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Muni-Morgan
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, School of Natural Resources and Environment, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA; Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL 34236, USA
| | - Mary G Lusk
- University of Florida, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, Wimauma, FL 33598, USA.
| | | | - Audrey H Goeckner
- University of Florida, Soil, Water, and Ecosystem Sciences Department, 1692 McCarty Dr, Gainesville, FL 32603, USA
| | - Huan Chen
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Amy M McKenna
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA; Department of Soil & Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gamage J, Voroney P, Gillespie A, Lo A, Longstaffe J. Evidence for the formation of fused aromatic ring structures in an organic soil profile in the early diagenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12378. [PMID: 37524728 PMCID: PMC10390584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of fused aromatic ring (FAR) structures in soil define the stability of the recalcitrant soil organic matter (RSOM). FAR are important skeletal features in RSOM that contribute to its extended residence time. During the early diagenesis, FAR structures are formed through condensation and polymerization of biomolecules produced during plant residue and microbial product decay. Molecular level characterization of the RSOM extracted from an organic soil profile gives important insights into the formation of FAR. Advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including recoupled long-range C-H dipolar dephasing experiments on extracted humic acids (HA) showed that they contain diagenetically formed FAR different from charcoal and lignin. Peaks characteristic of FAR are observed at all depths in the soil profile, with a greater prevalence observed in the HA extracts from the clay soil layer at the bottom. In the clay soil layer, 78% of the aromatic carbon was non-protonated, and this was 2.2-fold higher than the topsoil. These data further strengthen our understanding of the humification process that could occur in early diagenesis and help explain the importance of incorporating diagenesis as an important phenomenon for long-term carbon sequestration in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeewan Gamage
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Paul Voroney
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Adam Gillespie
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Andy Lo
- Advanced Analysis Centre, NMR Centre, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - James Longstaffe
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vinci G, Piccolo A, Bridoux M. Complementary ESI and APPI high resolution mass spectrometry unravel the molecular complexity of a soil humeome. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1194:339398. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
4
|
Vinci G, Cangemi S, Bridoux M, Spaccini R, Piccolo A. Molecular properties of the Humeome of two calcareous grassland soils as revealed by GC/qTOF-MS and NMR spectroscopy. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130518. [PMID: 33873069 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A Humeomic fractionation revealed the humus molecular composition of two uncropped calcareous soils of Northern France and differentiated the soils Humeome by extracting humic components first unbound to the organo-mineral matrix and then liberated from their progressively stronger intermolecular and intramolecular ester and ether linkages. We separated organo- (ORG1-3) and water-soluble (AQU2 and AQU4) fractions, a final extractable fraction (RESOM) and soil residues. Organo-soluble fractions were studied by GC coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/qTOF-MS), all fractions underwent mono- and two-dimensional liquid-state NMR (except for the iron-rich AQU4 fraction), while solid-state 13C-CPMAS-NMR spectroscopy analyzed soil residues. The Calcaric Leptosol (A) showed a larger mass extraction than the Calcaric Cambisol (B), and a greater cumulative C and N content in its Humeome. Both soils showed the greatest weight yield for AQU4 fraction, followed by ORG2, RESOM, ORG1, AQU2, and ORG3. ORG2 was the most differentiating fraction between the two soils for both compound concentration and diversity, showing a larger C content for soil A than for soil B and a different distribution in aromatic compounds, fatty acids, and dicarboxylic acids. No significant differences between soils were found for ORG 3, suggesting similar processes of OM stabilization for its recalcitrant components, mostly hydrophobic esters of alkanoic, hydroxy, and aromatic acids with linear alkanols. We confirmed that Humeomic fractionation coupled to advanced analytical instrumentations enabled a detailed molecular characterization of the soil Humeome and differentiated between the two calcareous grassland soils and the other soils previously subjected to Humeomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Vinci
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agroalimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Silvana Cangemi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agroalimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agroalimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca Sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per L'Ambiente, L'Agroalimentare Ed I Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università, 100, 80055, Portici (NA), Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Piccolo A, De Martino A, Scognamiglio F, Ricci R, Spaccini R. Efficient simultaneous removal of heavy metals and polychlorobiphenyls from a polluted industrial site by washing the soil with natural humic surfactants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:25748-25757. [PMID: 33474665 PMCID: PMC8154813 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-12484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of natural organic surfactants such as humic acids (HA) from lignite to simultaneously wash heavy metals (HM) and polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) from a heavily contaminated industrial soil of northern Italy. Supramolecular HA promote in solution a micelle-like structure, where recalcitrant apolar organic xenobiotics are repartitioned from surfaces of soil particles during soil washing process. Concomitantly, the HA acidic functional groups enable a simultaneous complexation of HM. A single soil washing with HA removed 68 and 75% of PCB congeners for 1:1 and 10:1 solution/soil ratios, respectively. The same HA washing simultaneously and efficiently removed a cumulative average of 47% of total HM, with a maximum of 57 and 67% for Hg and Cu, respectively. We showed that washing a highly polluted soil with HA solution not only is an effective and rapid soil remediation technique but also simultaneously removes both HM and persistent organic pollutants (POP). Soil washing by humic biosurfactants is also a sustainable and eco-friendly technology, since, contrary to synthetic surfactants and solvents used in conventional washing techniques, it preserves soil biodiversity, promotes natural attenuation of unextracted POP, and accelerates further soil reclamation techniques such as bio- or phytoremediation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Via Universita 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy.
| | - Antonio De Martino
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Universita 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Francesco Scognamiglio
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Universita 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| | - Roberto Ricci
- Biosearch Ambiente srl, Via Tetti Gai, 59, 10091, Alpignano, TO, Italy
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Via Universita 100, 80055, Portici, NA, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Han L, Kaesler J, Peng C, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Online Counter Gradient LC-FT-ICR-MS Enables Detection of Highly Polar Natural Organic Matter Fractions. Anal Chem 2021; 93:1740-1748. [PMID: 33370097 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) is a highly complex mixture of natural organic molecules. The recent developments in NOM molecular characterization methods have shown that ESI-FT-ICR hyphenated with liquid chromatography (LC) is a promising approach to also obtain chemical information (such as polarity and molecular size) about NOM molecules. However, due to changing solvent composition during gradient elution in LC-FT-ICR-MS, ionization conditions also change throughout the chromatographic separation process. In this study, we applied a post-LC column counter gradient (CG) to ensure stable solvent conditions for transient ESI-MS signals. Suwanee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA) standard and a peat pore water were used as representative dissolved NOM samples for method development and validation. Our results show that in polar NOM fractions (which elute with <50% methanol) the TIC intensity and number of assigned molecular formulas were increased by 48% and 20%, as compared to the standard gradient (SG) method. Further application of a Q-isolation and selective ion accumulation for low abundance fractions revealed over 3 times more molecular formulas (especially for CHNO, CHOS, CHNOS formula classes) than in full scan mode. The number of detected highly polar NOM compounds (with elemental ratios H/C < 1, O/C > 0.6) were more than 20 times larger for CG-LC mode as compared to direct infusion (DI) (5715 vs 266 MF). We conclude that the application of a postcolumn counter gradient in LC-FT-ICR-MS analyses of NOM offers novel insight into the most polar fractions of NOM which are inaccessible in conventional DI measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Han
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Kaesler
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Chang Peng
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thorsten Reemtsma
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Analytical Chemistry, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany.,ProVIS-Centre for Chemical Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ivanova B, Spiteller M. Quantitative collision induced mass spectrometry of substituted piperazines – A correlative analysis between theory and experiment. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.07.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
8
|
Drosos M, Nebbioso A, Mazzei P, Vinci G, Spaccini R, Piccolo A. A molecular zoom into soil Humeome by a direct sequential chemical fractionation of soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:807-816. [PMID: 28214121 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A Humeomics sequential chemical fractionation coupled to advanced analytical identification was applied directly to soil for the first time. Humeomics extracted ~235% more soil organic carbon (SOC) than by the total alkaline extraction traditionally employed to solubilise soil humic molecules (soil Humeome). Seven fractions of either hydro- or organo-soluble components and a final unextractable humic residue were separated from soil. These materials enabled an unprecedented structural identification of solubilised heterogeneous humic molecules by combining NMR, GC-MS, and ESI-Orbitrap-MS. Identified molecules and their relative abundance were used to build up structure-based van Krevelen plots to show the specific contribution of each fraction to SOC. The stepwise isolation of mostly hydrophobic and unsaturated molecules of progressive structural complexity suggests that humic suprastructures in soil are arranged in multi-molecular layers. These comprised molecules either hydrophobically adsorbed on soil aluminosilicate surfaces in less stable fractions, or covalently bound in amorphous organo-iron complexes in more recalcitrant fractions. Moreover, most lipid molecules of the soil Humeome appeared to derive from plant polyesters rather than bacterial metabolism. An advanced understanding of soil humic molecular composition by Humeomics may enable control of the bio-organic dynamics and reactivity in soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marios Drosos
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nebbioso
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Pierluigi Mazzei
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Vinci
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Spaccini
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Ricerca sulla Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agroalimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli "Federico II", via Università 100, 80055 Portici, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zherebker A, Kostyukevich Y, Kononikhin A, Kharybin O, Konstantinov AI, Zaitsev KV, Nikolaev E, Perminova IV. Enumeration of carboxyl groups carried on individual components of humic systems using deuteromethylation and Fourier transform mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:2477-2488. [PMID: 28138744 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a novel approach to enumeration of carboxylic groups carried by individual molecules of humic substances using selective chemical modification and isotopic labeling (deuteromethylation) and high-resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FTICR MS). Esterification was conducted with a use of thionyl chloride-deuteromethanol reagent under mild conditions to avoid transesterification. The deuteromethylated products were subjected to solid phase extraction using PPL Bond Elute cartridges prior to FTICR MS analysis. An amount of carboxyl groups in the individual molecular component was estimated from the length of identified deuteromethylation series. The method allowed for discerning between compounds with close elemental compositions possessing different protolytic properties. We found that different carboxylic moieties occupy distinct regions in molecular space of humic substances (HS) projected onto Van Krevelen diagram. These locations do not depend on the source of the humic material and can be assigned to carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (5 to 6 COOH), hydrolyzable tannins (3-4 COOH), lignins (1 to 2 COOH), condensed tannins and lignans (0 to 1 COOH), and carbohydrates (0 COOH). At the same time, the alignment pattern of these carboxylated species along the structural evolution lines in Van Krevelen diagrams was characteristic to the specific transformation processes undergone by the humic materials in the different environments. The obtained data enable mapping of molecular ensemble of HS with regards to their specific acidic compartments and might be used for directed fractionation of HS. Graphical abstract Selective isotopic labeling followed by FTICR MS enables discerning between humic molecules with close elemental compositions carrying different numbers of carboxylic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zherebker
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yury Kostyukevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143025, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia.,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Leninskij pr. 38-2, 119334, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskii per., 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey Kononikhin
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Leninskij pr. 38-2, 119334, Moscow, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskii per., 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Oleg Kharybin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143025, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia.,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskii per., 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Andrey I Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill V Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene Nikolaev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143025, Skolkovo, Moscow Region, Russia. .,Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, ul. Pogodinskaya 10, 119121, Moscow, Russia. .,Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS, Leninskij pr. 38-2, 119334, Moscow, Russia. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9, Institutskii per., 141700, Dolgoprudnyi, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Berto S, De Laurentiis E, Tota T, Chiavazza E, Daniele PG, Minella M, Isaia M, Brigante M, Vione D. Properties of the humic-like material arising from the photo-transformation of L-tyrosine. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 545-546:434-444. [PMID: 26748008 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The UVB photolysis of L-tyrosine yields species with fluorescence and absorption spectra that are very similar to those of humic substances. By potentiometric measurements, chemical modeling and the application of NMR, mass spectrometry and laser flash photolysis, it was possible to get insights into the structural and chemical properties of the compounds derived by the L-tyrosine phototransformation. The photolytic process follows aromatic-ring hydroxylation and dimerization. The latter is presumably linked with the photoinduced generation of tyrosyl (phenoxy-type) radicals, which have a marked tendency to dimerize and possibly oligomerize. Interestingly, photoinduced transformation gives compounds with protogenic and complexation capabilities similar to those of the humic substances that occur naturally in surface waters. This finding substantiates a new and potentially important abiotic (photolytic) pathway for the formation of humic compounds in surface-water environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Berto
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Elisa De Laurentiis
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Tiziana Tota
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Chiavazza
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | | | - Marco Minella
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Isaia
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Biologia dei Sistemi, Via Accademia Albertina 13, Torino 10123, Italy
| | - Marcello Brigante
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; CNRS, UMR 6296, ICCF, BP 80026, F-63177 Aubière, France
| | - Davide Vione
- Università di Torino, Dipartimento Chimica, via P. Giuria, 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Modification of chemical and conformational properties of natural organic matter by click chemistry as revealed by ESI-Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:8515-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
12
|
Mazzei P, Piccolo A. Interactions between natural organic matter and organic pollutants as revealed by NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2015; 53:667-678. [PMID: 25783763 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural organic matter (NOM) plays a critical role in regulating the transport and the fate of organic contaminants in the environment. NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for the investigation of the sorption and binding mechanisms between NOM and pollutants, as well as their mutual chemical transformations. Despite NMR relatively low sensibility but due to its wide versatility to investigating samples in the liquid, gel, and solid phases, NMR application to environmental NOM-pollutants relations enables the achievement of specific and complementary molecular information. This report is a brief outline of the potentialities of the different NMR techniques and pulse sequences to elucidate the interactions between NOM and organic pollutants, with and without their labeling with nuclei that enhance NMR sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierluigi Mazzei
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piccolo
- Centro Interdipartimentale per la Risonanza Magnetica Nucleare per l'Ambiente, l'Agro-Alimentare ed i Nuovi Materiali (CERMANU), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Università 100, 80055, Portici, Italy
| |
Collapse
|