1
|
Cabrera ER, Schrader RL, Walker TE, Laganowsky A, Russell DH, Clowers BH. Nonlinear Frequency Modulation for Fourier Transform Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry Improves Experimental Efficiency. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2024; 497:117197. [PMID: 38352886 PMCID: PMC10861183 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2024.117197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Through optimization of terminal frequencies and effective sampling rates, we have developed nonlinear sawtooth-shaped frequency sweeps for efficient Fourier transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (FT-IM-MS) experiments. This is in contrast to conventional FT-IM-MS experiments where ion gates are modulated according to a linear frequency sweep. Linear frequency sweeps are effective but can be hindered by the amount of useful signal obtained using a single sweep over a large frequency range imposed by ion gating inefficiencies, particularly small ion packets, and gate depletion. These negative factors are direct consequences of the inherently low gate pulse widths of high-frequency ion gating events, placing an upper bound on FT-IM-MS performance. Here, we report alternative ion modulation strategies. Sawtooth frequency sweeps may be constructed for the purpose of either extending high-SNR transients or conducting efficient signal-averaging experiments for low-SNR transients. The data obtained using this approach show high-SNR signals for a set of low-mass tetraalkylammonium salts (<1000 m/z) where resolving powers in excess of 500 are achieved. Data for low-SNR obtained for multimeric protein complexes streptavidin (53 kDa) and GroEL (800 kDa) also reveal large increases in the signal-to-noise ratio for reconstructed arrival time distributions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elvin R. Cabrera
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Robert L. Schrader
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Thomas E. Walker
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Arthur Laganowsky
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - David H. Russell
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kwantwi-Barima P, Garimella SVB, Attah IK, Ibrahim YM. Evaluating Ion Accumulation and Storage in Traveling Wave Based Structures for Lossless Ion Manipulations. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2849-2856. [PMID: 37985653 PMCID: PMC10832571 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Structures for lossless ion manipulations (SLIM) technology has demonstrated high resolving power ion mobility separation and flexibility to integrate complex ion manipulations into a single experimental platform. To enable IMS separations, trapping/accumulating ions inside SLIM (or in-SLIM) prior to injection of a packet for separations provides ease of operation and reduces the need for dedicated ion traps external to SLIM. To fully characterize the ion accumulation process, we have evaluated the effect of TW amplitudes, ion collection times, and storage times on the "in-SLIM" accumulation process. The study utilized a SLIM module comprising 5 distinct tracks, each with a specific ion accumulation configuration. The effect of the TW conditions on the accumulation process was investigated for a 3-peptide mixture: kemptide, angiotensin II, and neurotensin at a TW speed of 106 m/s. The effect of ion accumulation time/collection time and storage time was investigated, in addition to TW amplitude. Overall, the signal of the analyte ions increased when the ion collection time increased from 49 to 163 ms but decreased when the ion collection time increased further to 652 ms due to the space charge effects. Ion losses were observed at high TW amplitudes (e.g., 15 Vp-p and 20 Vp-p). In addition, under space charge conditions (e.g., collection times of 163 and 652 ms), the signal of the analyte ions decreased with an increase in storage times for all TW amplitudes applied to the trapping region. For ion accumulation, the data indicate that gentler TW conditions must be utilized to minimize ion losses and fragments to benefit from the "in-SLIM" accumulation process. Wider SLIM tracks provided better performance than those with narrower tracks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pearl Kwantwi-Barima
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Sandilya V B Garimella
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Isaac K Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Yehia M Ibrahim
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meng Q, Jia X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Liu W. Almost perfect sequence modulated multiplexing ion mobility spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9329. [PMID: 35618651 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Multiplexing ion mobility spectrometry with multiple ion injection pulses was used to achieve a high duty cycle and thus improve the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio while maintaining high resolving power compared with the traditional single-pulse signal averaging method. Historically, an ion mobility spectrum was reconstructed by various multiplexing methods including Fourier transform ion mobility spectrometry (FT-IMS), Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry (HT-IMS), and linear frequency modulation correlation ion mobility spectrometry (LFM-CIMS) sequence or Barker code. METHODS To achieve an artifact-free multiplexing ion mobility spectrum, an almost perfect sequence (APS) with correlation technique was proposed to modulate the Bradbury-Nielson ion gate and was compared with FT-IMS, HT-IMS, LFM-IMS, and the traditional single-pulse signal averaging method. RESULTS Experimental results showed that there are no artifact peaks in the APS-IMS spectra except an inverted mirror peak, and the S/N ratio was improved 5-8 times with a repetition time of 40-60 ms, corresponding to the improvement in the duty cycle. With the same duty cycle and similar acquisition time, APS-IMS showed a higher S/N ratio than HT-IMS for its unique autocorrelation response. CONCLUSIONS The APS-IMS technique offered a higher duty cycle and relatively shorter modulation period compared with reported multiplexing methods and is suitable to track rapidly changing signals without losing information and adding extra transformation artifact peaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Xu Jia
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hanghang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biological Resource Protection and Utilization of Tarim Basin, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang, China
- College of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu W, Meng Q, Lu Y, Xu Y, Nwadiuso OJ, Yu J, Liu W, Jing G, Li W, Liu W. Fourier Deconvolution Ion Mobility Spectrometry. Talanta 2022; 241:123270. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
5
|
Sanders JD, Shields SW, Escobar EE, Lanzillotti MB, Butalewicz JP, James VK, Blevins MS, Sipe SN, Brodbelt JS. Enhanced Ion Mobility Separation and Characterization of Isomeric Phosphatidylcholines Using Absorption Mode Fourier Transform Multiplexing and Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2022; 94:4252-4259. [PMID: 35239318 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The structural diversity of phospholipids plays a critical role in cellular membrane dynamics, energy storage, and cellular signaling. Despite its importance, the extent of this diversity has only recently come into focus, largely owing to advances in separation science and mass spectrometry methodology and instrumentation. Characterization of glycerophospholipid (GP) isomers differing only in their acyl chain configurations and locations of carbon-carbon double bonds (C═C) remains challenging due to the need for both effective separation of isomers and advanced tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) technologies capable of double-bond localization. Drift tube ion mobility spectrometry (DTIMS) coupled with MS can provide both fast separation and accurate determination of collision cross section (CCS) of molecules but typically lacks the resolving power needed to separate phospholipid isomers. Ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) can provide unambiguous double-bond localization but is challenging to implement on the timescales of modern commercial drift tube time-of-flight mass spectrometers. Here, we present a novel method for coupling DTIMS with a UVPD-enabled Orbitrap mass spectrometer using absorption mode Fourier transform multiplexing that affords simultaneous localization of double bonds and accurate CCS measurements even when isomers cannot be fully resolved in the mobility dimension. This method is demonstrated on two- and three-component mixtures and shown to provide CCS measurements that differ from those obtained by individual analysis of each component by less than 1%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James D Sanders
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Samuel W Shields
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Edwin E Escobar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michael B Lanzillotti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jamie P Butalewicz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Virginia K James
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Molly S Blevins
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sarah N Sipe
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jennifer S Brodbelt
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sarycheva AP, Adamov AY, Lagunov SS, Lapshov GV, Poteshin SS, Sysoev AA. The Effect of Pseudorandom Sequence Systematicity on Signal-to-Noise Ratio in Hadamard Transform Ion Mobility Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482113013x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Abstract
Native mass spectrometry (MS) is aimed at preserving and determining the native structure, composition, and stoichiometry of biomolecules and their complexes from solution after they are transferred into the gas phase. Major improvements in native MS instrumentation and experimental methods over the past few decades have led to a concomitant increase in the complexity and heterogeneity of samples that can be analyzed, including protein-ligand complexes, protein complexes with multiple coexisting stoichiometries, and membrane protein-lipid assemblies. Heterogeneous features of these biomolecular samples can be important for understanding structure and function. However, sample heterogeneity can make assignment of ion mass, charge, composition, and structure very challenging due to the overlap of tens or even hundreds of peaks in the mass spectrum. In this review, we cover data analysis, experimental, and instrumental advances and strategies aimed at solving this problem, with an in-depth discussion of theoretical and practical aspects of the use of available deconvolution algorithms and tools. We also reflect upon current challenges and provide a view of the future of this exciting field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber D Rolland
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States
| | - James S Prell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1253, United States.,Materials Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-1252, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
McKenna KR, Clowers BH, Krishnamurthy R, Liotta CL, Fernández FM. Separations of Carbohydrates with Noncovalent Shift Reagents by Frequency-Modulated Ion Mobility-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:2472-2480. [PMID: 34351139 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
An increased focus on characterizing the structural heterogeneity of carbohydrates has been driven by their many significant roles in extant life and potential roles in chemical evolution and the origin of life. In this work, multiplexed drift tube ion mobility-Orbitrap mass spectrometry methods were developed to analyze mixtures of disaccharides modified with noncovalent shift reagents. Since traditional coupling of atmospheric pressure drift tube ion mobility cells with Orbitrap mass analyzers suffers from low duty cycles (<0.1%), a frequency modulation scheme was applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Several parameters such as the resolution setting and maximum injection time of the Orbitrap analyzer and the magnitude and duration of the frequency sweep were investigated for their impact on the sensitivity gains and resolution of disaccharide-shift reagent adducts. The sweep time and disaccharide concentration had a positive correlation with SNR. The magnitude of the frequency sweep had a negative correlation with SNR. However, increasing the frequency sweep improved the resolution of mixtures of disaccharide analytes. Application of frequency-modulated ion mobility-Orbitrap mass spectrometry to four noncovalently modified glucose dimers allowed for the differentiation of three out of these four analytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
McMahon WP, Jorabchi K. Perturbation-induced high-frequency pulsing of nano-ESI with facile ion selection at atmospheric pressure. Analyst 2020; 145:7357-7371. [PMID: 32930680 PMCID: PMC7655663 DOI: 10.1039/d0an01198c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Nano-ESI is a commonly used ionization technique with continually expanding analytical advantages. Here, we report a facile way for high-frequency (500-3800 Hz) pulsing of nano-ESI, providing a high flux of mobility-selected ions. The pulsing is accomplished using a relatively low-voltage modulation (80 V peak-to-peak) of an electrode placed <1 cm downstream of a nano-ESI emitter biased to a constant potential. Configuring the electrode as an ion gate enables mobility-based ion selection by scanning the modulation frequency. Our investigations indicate that the electrode modulation perturbs continuous nano-ESI, resulting in solution accumulation at the emitter tip between spray pulses. Selective transmission of ions occurs at frequencies corresponding to harmonics of a fundamental frequency determined by the travel time of each ion from the emitter to the ion gate (pulsing electrode). Remarkably, the intensities of ions selected in this fashion are similar across the harmonics, suggesting that the ionization efficiencies of analytes have minimal dependence on the accumulated volume at the emitter tip. Moreover, intensities of ion-mobility-selected analytes using this technique reach >50% of those in continuous nano-ESI without ion selection, underscoring efficient ion generation via high-frequency pulsing. These findings indicate the potential of the pulsed nano-ESI for enhanced analytical utility, such as a high-flux selected-reagent-ion supplier at atmospheric pressure, and chart new avenues to further enhance the analytical performance of nano-ESI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kwantwi-Barima P, Reinecke T, Clowers BH. Increased ion throughput using tristate ion-gate multiplexing. Analyst 2019; 144:6660-6670. [PMID: 31595887 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01585j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
For time dispersive ion mobility experiments detail control over the mechanism of ion beam modulation is necessary to establish optimum performance as this parameter greatly influences the temporal width of the ion beam arriving at the detector. When sampling continuous ion sources the temporal sampling or the incoming ion beam is often achieved by the electronic modulation of a grid or electric field. Not surprisingly, the rate at which a given ion population traverses this gating region is directly proportional to an ion's population and the applied electric field. This scenario establishes conditions where discrimination of the incoming ion beam may occur when the ion gate modulation rate is minimized. Recent developments in the mechanical construction of ion gates and their subsequent operation suggest that the mobility discrimination during ion gating may be minimized, however, it is remains unclear how this behavior will translate to ion beam multiplexing approaches. In this present work, we compare the performance levels of the tri-state ion shutter (3S-IS) to the two-state ion shutter (2S-IS) using a series of Fourier transform ion mobility mass spectrometry (FT-IMMS) experiments. The performance of the two different shutter operating principles were evaluated using ion multiplexing using tetraalkylammonium salts (TXA ions; T5-T8, T10, T12) bradykinin, and a set of reversed sequence isomeric pentapeptides using a variety of different ion gate frequency sweeps. Noticeable increases in ion throughput were observed for the 3S-IS with 95% and 45% increases in ion counts for the T5 and T12 ions respectively compared to the 2S-IS. Similarly, a 27% and 55% increase in ion counts was observed for the [M + 2H]2+ and [M + H]+ ions of bradykinin, respectively. In addition, a 10% increase in resolving power was also observed for the 3S-IS compared to the 2S-IS. Overall, utilization of the 3S-IS effectively minimizes both discrimination of slower ions and the impact of gate depletion effect common to traditional ion gating techniques.
Collapse
|
11
|
Reinecke T, Naylor CN, Clowers BH. Ion multiplexing: Maximizing throughput and signal to noise ratio for ion mobility spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
12
|
Kirk AT, Bohnhorst A, Raddatz CR, Allers M, Zimmermann S. Ultra-high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry-current instrumentation, limitations, and future developments. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:6229-6246. [PMID: 30957205 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01807-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
With recent advances in ionization sources and instrumentation, ion mobility spectrometers (IMS) have transformed from a detector for chemical warfare agents and explosives to a widely used tool in analytical and bioanalytical applications. This increasing measurement task complexity requires higher and higher analytical performance and especially ultra-high resolution. In this review, we will discuss the currently used ion mobility spectrometers able to reach such ultra-high resolution, defined here as a resolving power greater than 200. These instruments are drift tube IMS, traveling wave IMS, trapped IMS, and field asymmetric or differential IMS. The basic operating principles and the resulting effects of experimental parameters on resolving power are explained and compared between the different instruments. This allows understanding the current limitations of resolving power and how ion mobility spectrometers may progress in the future. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar T Kirk
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Alexander Bohnhorst
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian-Robert Raddatz
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria Allers
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Zimmermann
- Institute of Electrical Engineering and Measurement Technology, Department of Sensors and Measurement Technology, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstr. 9A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Using a linearly swept chirp function to modulate a Bradbury-Nielsen (BN) ion gate and application of a common signal processing technique (cross-correlation), we outline a method for obtaining high resolution IMS-MS spectra with ion gate duty cycles approaching 50%. Correlation IMS (CIMS) offers advantages over current multiplexing approaches in IMS-MS, which include the Hadamard and Fourier transforms, by minimizing transform artifacts while maintaining high ion throughput. Although cross-correlation techniques have been utilized previously in the field of IMS, to the best of our knowledge, this approach has not been utilized to obtain spectrum that resembles traditional IMS spectrum with resolving powers approaching the theoretical limit. This new approach relies on a linear sweep, which is a swept frequency signal, commonly utilized in different applications because of its compatibility with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). However, unlike spectra derived from Fourier transformation, CIMS yields data sampling rates that are not dependent upon terminal frequency and takes advantage of several factors unique to IMS operation; the non-linear response of ions at relatively low gate pulse widths, fluctuations in intensity, and peak profiles resembling the input gate pulse vector observed especially noted at low gating frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austen L Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
| | - William F Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Davis AL, Clowers BH. Stabilization of gas-phase uranyl complexes enables rapid speciation using electrospray ionization and ion mobility-mass spectrometry. Talanta 2018; 176:140-150. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.07.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
15
|
Garcia L, Saba C, Manocchio G, Anderson GA, Davis E, Clowers BH. An open source ion gate pulser for ion mobility spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-017-0223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
16
|
Morrison KA, Bendiak BK, Clowers BH. Enhanced Mixture Separations of Metal Adducted Tetrasaccharides Using Frequency Encoded Ion Mobility Separations and Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2017; 28:664-677. [PMID: 27796835 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1505-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Using five isomeric tetrasaccharides in combination with seven multivalent metals, the impact on mobility separations and resulting CID spectra were examined using a hybrid ion mobility atmospheric pressure drift tube system coupled with a linear ion trap. By enhancing the duty cycle of the drift tube system using a linearly chirped frequency, the collision-induced dissociation spectra were encoded in the mobility domain according to the drift times of each glycan isomer precursor. Differential fragmentation patterns correlated with precursor drift times ensured direct assignment of fragments with precursor structure whether as individual standards or in a mixture of isomers. In addition to certain metal ions providing higher degrees of separation than others, in select cases more than one arrival time distribution was observed for a single pure carbohydrate isomer. These observations suggest the existence of alternative coordination sites within a single monomeric species, but more interesting was the observation of different fragmentation ion yields for carbohydrate dimers formed through metal adduction. Positive-ion data were also compared with negative-ion species, where dimer formation did not occur and single peaks were observed for each isomeric tetrasaccharide-alditol. This enhanced analytical power has implications not only for carbohydrate molecules but also for a wide variety of complex mixtures of molecules where dissociation spectra may potentially be derived from combinations of monomeric, homodimeric, and heterodimeric species having identical nominal m/z values. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brad K Bendiak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Program in Structural Biology and Biochemistry, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Mail Stop 8108, 12801 E 17th Ave., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brian H Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu W, Davis AL, Siems WF, Yin D, Clowers BH, Hill HH. Ambient Pressure Inverse Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2800-2806. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
- College
of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar, Xinjiang 843300, China
| | - Austen L. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - William F. Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Dulin Yin
- College of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99163, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shen H, Jia X, Meng Q, Liu W, Hill HH. Fourier transform ion mobility spectrometry with multinozzle emitter array electrospray ionization. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28066h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Fourier transform ion mobility spectrometry (FT-IMS) is a useful multiplexing method for improving the duty cycle (DC) of IMS from 1 to 25% when using an entrance and exit ion gate to modulate the ion current with a synchronized square wave chirp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xu Jia
- College of Life Science
- Tarim University
- Alar
- China
| | - Qingyan Meng
- College of Life Science
- Tarim University
- Alar
- China
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin
| | - Wenjie Liu
- College of Life Science
- Tarim University
- Alar
- China
- Xinjiang Production & Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Biological Resources in Tarim Basin
| | - Herbert H. Hill
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington State University
- Pullman
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
McMahon WP, Subramanian A, Minardi CS, Dalvi R, Jorabchi K. Pulsed Nano-ESI Atmospheric-Pressure Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry with Enhanced Ion Sampling. Anal Chem 2016; 88:11767-11773. [PMID: 27782389 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) has gained considerable attention for detection of clusters and weakly bound species created by electrospray ionization (ESI). Atmospheric-pressure (AP) IM-MS offers an advantage in these studies compared to its low-pressure counterpart, owing to soft introduction of ions into the mobility cell with minimal ion activation. Here, we report new approaches to improve the sensitivity and soft ion introduction in AP-IM-MS. For the former, we demonstrate enhanced aerodynamic sampling of ions from the mobility cell into the MS using pulsed-field sampling. In this approach, ions are driven toward the MS, and the field is shut down once the ions reach the vicinity of the MS inlet orifice. The pulsed-field operation provides arrival times without the need for an exit ion gate in the mobility cell and leads to improvements in sensitivity of up to 1 order of magnitude. For soft ion generation, we report a pulsed nano-ESI source to introduce a packet of ions into the room-temperature mobility cell without induced desolvation. Further, we demonstrate the application of the pulsed nano-ESI AP-IM-MS with enhanced ion sampling for detection of solvent clusters of amines and peptide aggregates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William P McMahon
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Arjuna Subramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Carina S Minardi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Rohan Dalvi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
| | - Kaveh Jorabchi
- Department of Chemistry, Georgetown University , Washington DC 20057, United States
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ridgeway ME, Wolff JJ, Silveira JA, Lin C, Costello CE, Park MA. Gated Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry Coupled to Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 19:77-85. [PMID: 27667964 DOI: 10.1007/s12127-016-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of molecules by ion mobility spectrometry coupled with mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) provides chemical information on the three dimensional structure and mass of the molecules. The coupling of ion mobility to trapping mass spectrometers has historically been challenging due to the large differences in analysis time between the two devices. In this paper we present a modification of the trapped ion mobility (TIMS) analysis scheme termed "Gated TIMS" that allows efficient coupling to a Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) analyzer. Analyses of standard compounds and the influence of source conditions on the TIMS distributions produced by ion mobility spectra of labile ubiquitin protein ions are presented. Ion mobility resolving powers up to 100 are observed. Measured collisional cross sections of ubiquitin ions are in excellent qualitative and quantitative agreement to previous measurements. Gated TIMS FT-ICR produces results comparable to those acquired using TIMS/time-of-flight MS instrument platforms as well as numerous drift tube IMS-MS studies published in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cheng Lin
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Suite 504, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Catherine E Costello
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 670 Albany Street, Suite 504, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Melvin A Park
- Bruker Daltonics, 40 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morrison KA, Siems WF, Clowers BH. Augmenting Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers Using a Frequency Modulated Drift Tube Ion Mobility Spectrometer. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3121-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey A. Morrison
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - William F. Siems
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Brian H. Clowers
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, PO Box 644630, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| |
Collapse
|