1
|
Savari MN. Fe 3O 4@Chitosan@ZIF-8@RVG29, an anti-glioma nanoplatform guided by fixed and activated by alternating magnetic field. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7000. [PMID: 38523150 PMCID: PMC10961307 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57565-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing anti-glioma nanoplatforms. They make the all-in-one combination of therapies possible. Here we show how the selective Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cell killing of the here-established nanoplatforms increased after each coating and how the here-established vibration-inducing Alternating magnetic field (AMF) decreased the treatment time from 72 h to 30 s. Thanks to their magnetite core, these nanoplatforms can be guided to the tumor's specific site by a Fixed magnetic field, they bypass the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) and accumulate at the tumor site thanks to the RVG29 bonding to the G-protein on the ion-gated channel receptor known as the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR), which expresses on BBB cells and overexpresses on GBM cells, and thanks to the positive charge gained by both chitosan and RVG29's peptide. Both ZIF-8 and its mediate adherence, Chitosan increases the drug loading capacity that stimuli response to the tumor's acidic environment. The Zn2+ ions generated from ZIF-8 sustained degradation in such an environment kill the GBM cells. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) evaluated these nanoplatform's mean size 155 nm indicating their almost optimum size for brain applications. Based on their elements' intrinsic properties, these nanoplatforms can enhance and combine other adjuvant therapies.
Collapse
|
2
|
Deng H, Yang X, Wang H, Gao M, Zhang Y, Liu R, Xu H, Zhang W. Tailoring the surface charges of iron-crosslinked dextran nanogels towards improved tumor-associated macrophage targeting. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 325:121585. [PMID: 38008480 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have emerged as therapeutic interests in cancer nanomedicine because TAMs play a pivotal role in the immune microenvironment of solid tumors. Dextran and its derived nanocarriers are among the most promising nanomaterials for TAM targeting due to their intrinsic affinities towards macrophages. Various dextran-based nanomaterials have been developed to image TAMs. However, the effects of physiochemical properties especially for surface charges of dextran nanomaterials on TAM-targeting efficacy were ambiguous in literature. To figure out the surface charge effects on TAM targeting, here we developed a facile non-covalent self-assembly strategy to construct oppositely charged dextran nanogels (NGs) utilizing the coordination interaction of ferric ions, chlorine e6 (Ce6) dye and three dextran derivatives, diethylaminoethyl-, sulfate sodium- and carboxymethyl-dextran. The acquired dextran NGs exhibit different charges but similar hydrodynamic size, Ce6 loading and mechanical stiffness, which enables a side-by-side comparison of the effects of NG surface charges on TAM targeting monitored by the Ce6 fluorescence imaging. Compared with negative NGs, the positive NG clearly displays a superior TAM targeting in murine breast cancer model. This study identifies that positively charged dextran NG could be a promising approach to better engineer nanomedicine towards an improved TAM targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Xue Yang
- National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, PR China
| | - Huimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Menghan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Runmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Veider F, Sanchez Armengol E, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Charge-Reversible Nanoparticles: Advanced Delivery Systems for Therapy and Diagnosis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304713. [PMID: 37675812 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
The past two decades have witnessed a rapid progress in the development of surface charge-reversible nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and diagnosis. These NPs are able to elegantly address the polycation dilemma. Converting their surface charge from negative/neutral to positive at the target site, they can substantially improve delivery of drugs and diagnostic agents. By specific stimuli like a shift in pH and redox potential, enzymes, or exogenous stimuli such as light or heat, charge reversal of NP surface can be achieved at the target site. The activated positive surface charge enhances the adhesion of NPs to target cells and facilitates cellular uptake, endosomal escape, and mitochondrial targeting. Because of these properties, the efficacy of incorporated drugs as well as the sensitivity of diagnostic agents can be essentially enhanced. Furthermore, charge-reversible NPs are shown to overcome the biofilm formed by pathogenic bacteria and to shuttle antibiotics directly to the cell membrane of these microorganisms. In this review, the up-to-date design of charge-reversible NPs and their emerging applications in drug delivery and diagnosis are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florina Veider
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Eva Sanchez Armengol
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch
- Center for Chemistry and Biomedicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80/82, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mandal A, Dhineshkumar E, Murugan E. Collagen Biocomposites Derived from Fish Waste: Doped and Cross-Linked with Functionalized Fe 3O 4 Nanoparticles and Their Comparative Studies with a Green Approach. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:24256-24267. [PMID: 37457468 PMCID: PMC10339420 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-based nanobiocomposites can reabsorb and are biodegradable. These properties are effectively controlled by the number of cross-links. This study demonstrates an effortless and proficient approach for the functionalization of Fe3O4 NPs for cross-linking collagen obtained from biowaste, viz., fish scales of Lates Calcarifer, a marine origin. The size of Fe3O4 NPs (10-40 nm) was confirmed using particle size analysis. The physico-chemical properties of the aminosilane-coated Fe3O4 NPs cross-linked via succinylated collagen (FFCSC) were characterized using different analytical techniques and compared with succinylated collagen doped with Fe3O4 NPs (FDSC). Thermogravimetric analysis indicates cross-linked product FFCSC to be more stable than the FDSC. Also, the antibacterial effect was more pronounced for FFCSC than for FDSC nanobiocomposites. FFCSC exhibited improved mechanical properties which are essential for materials used for wound dressing purposes. Moreover, the cell viability of fibroblasts (3T3-L1) and their morphology studied by SEM and fluorescence microscopy showed biocompatibility of both FDSC and FFCSC. Thus, the current investigation, involves a waste to wealth approach where the collagen-based nanobiocomposites present an easy way to recycle the biowaste to value-added products using simple and clean methods, which are suitable for use in biomedical and environmental applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mandal
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Maramalai Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India
- Department
of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, R. V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605 014, India
| | - Ezhumalai Dhineshkumar
- Dr.
Krishnamoorthi Foundation for Advanced Scientific Research, Vellore 632 001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eagambaram Murugan
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Madras, Maramalai Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600 025, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Woo S, Kim S, Kim H, Cheon YW, Yoon S, Oh JH, Park J. Charge-Modulated Synthesis of Highly Stable Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3068. [PMID: 34835832 PMCID: PMC8624538 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The surface charge of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) plays a critical role in the interactions between nanoparticles and biological components, which significantly affects their toxicity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we synthesized three differently charged IONPs (negative, neutral, and positive) based on catechol-derived dopamine, polyethylene glycol, carboxylic acid, and amine groups, via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer-mediated polymerization (RAFT polymerization) and ligand exchange. The zeta potentials of the negative, neutral, and positive IONPs were -39, -0.6, and +32 mV, respectively, and all three IONPs showed long-term colloidal stability for three months in an aqueous solution without agglomeration. The cytotoxicity of the IONPs was studied by analyzing cell viability and morphological alteration in three human cell lines, A549, Huh-7, and SH-SY5Y. Neither IONP caused significant cellular damage in any of the three cell lines. Furthermore, the IONPs showed no acute toxicity in BALB/c mice, in hematological and histological analyses. These results indicate that our charged IONPs, having high colloidal stability and biocompatibility, are viable for bio-applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunyoung Woo
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.W.); (H.K.)
| | - Soojin Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunhong Kim
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.W.); (H.K.)
| | - Young Woo Cheon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Seokjoo Yoon
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology (KIT), Daejeon 34114, Korea;
- Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jongnam Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea; (S.W.); (H.K.)
- Departmento of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hu Q, Lu Y, Luo Y. Recent advances in dextran-based drug delivery systems: From fabrication strategies to applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 264:117999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Crețu BEB, Dodi G, Shavandi A, Gardikiotis I, Șerban IL, Balan V. Imaging Constructs: The Rise of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:3437. [PMID: 34198906 PMCID: PMC8201099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, an important challenge in nanomedicine imaging has been the work to design multifunctional agents that can be detected by single and/or multimodal techniques. Among the broad spectrum of nanoscale materials being investigated for imaging use, iron oxide nanoparticles have gained significant attention due to their intrinsic magnetic properties, low toxicity, large magnetic moments, superparamagnetic behaviour and large surface area-the latter being a particular advantage in its conjunction with specific moieties, dye molecules, and imaging probes. Tracers-based nanoparticles are promising candidates, since they combine synergistic advantages for non-invasive, highly sensitive, high-resolution, and quantitative imaging on different modalities. This study represents an overview of current advancements in magnetic materials with clinical potential that will hopefully provide an effective system for diagnosis in the near future. Further exploration is still needed to reveal their potential as promising candidates from simple functionalization of metal oxide nanomaterials up to medical imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Elena-Beatrice Crețu
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.E.-B.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Gianina Dodi
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.E.-B.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Amin Shavandi
- BioMatter-Biomass Transformation Lab, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Ioannis Gardikiotis
- Advanced Centre for Research-Development in Experimental Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (B.E.-B.C.); (I.G.)
| | - Ionela Lăcrămioara Șerban
- Physiology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vera Balan
- Faculty of Medical Bioengineering, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Taylor A, Sharkey J, Harwood R, Scarfe L, Barrow M, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ, Wilm B, Murray P. Multimodal Imaging Techniques Show Differences in Homing Capacity Between Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Macrophages in Mouse Renal Injury Models. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 22:904-913. [PMID: 31823201 PMCID: PMC7343735 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-019-01458-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The question of whether mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) home to injured kidneys remains a contested issue. To try and understand the basis for contradictory findings reported in the literature, our purpose here was to investigate whether MSC homing capacity is influenced by administration route, the type of injury model used, and/or the presence of exogenous macrophages. PROCEDURES To assess the viability, whole-body biodistribution, and intra-renal biodistribution of MSCs, we used a multimodal imaging strategy comprising bioluminescence and magnetic resonance imaging. The effect of administration route (venous or arterial) on the ability of MSCs to home to injured renal tissue, and persist there, was assessed in a glomerular injury model (induced by the nephrotoxicant, Adriamycin) and a tubular injury model induced by ischaemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Exogenous macrophages were used as a positive control because these cells are known to home to injured mouse kidneys. To assess whether the homing capacity of MSCs can be influenced by the presence of exogenous macrophages, we used a dual-bioluminescence strategy that allowed the whole-body biodistribution of the two cell types to be monitored simultaneously in individual animals. RESULTS Following intravenous administration, no MSCs were detected in the kidneys, irrespective of whether the mice had been subjected to renal injury. After arterial administration via the left cardiac ventricle, MSCs transiently populated the kidneys, but no preferential homing or persistence was observed in injured renal tissue after unilateral IRI. An exception was when MSCs were co-administered with exogenous macrophages; here, we observed some homing of MSCs to the injured kidney. CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly suggest that MSCs do not home to injured kidneys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Harwood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu Y, Lu Z, Li Y, Yang J, Zhang X. Surface Modification of Iron Oxide-Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for Cerebral Theranostics: Application and Prospection. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1441. [PMID: 32722002 PMCID: PMC7466388 DOI: 10.3390/nano10081441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Combining diagnosis with therapy, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (INOPs) act as an important vehicle for drug delivery. However, poor biocompatibility of INOPs limits their application. To improve the shortcomings, various surface modifications have been developed, including small molecules coatings, polymers coatings, lipid coatings and lipopolymer coatings. These surface modifications facilitate iron nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain-barrier, which is essential for diagnosis and treatments of brain diseases. Here we focus on the characteristics of different coated INOPs and their application in brain disease, particularly gliomas, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, we summarize the current progress and expect to provide help for future researches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jun Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dulińska-Litewka J, Łazarczyk A, Hałubiec P, Szafrański O, Karnas K, Karewicz A. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles-Current and Prospective Medical Applications. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12040617. [PMID: 30791358 PMCID: PMC6416629 DOI: 10.3390/ma12040617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent, fast development of nanotechnology is reflected in the medical sciences. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) are an excellent example. Thanks to their superparamagnetic properties, SPIONs have found application in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia. Unlike bulk iron, SPIONs do not have remnant magnetization in the absence of the external magnetic field; therefore, a precise remote control over their action is possible. This makes them also useful as a component of the advanced drug delivery systems. Due to their easy synthesis, biocompatibility, multifunctionality, and possibility of further surface modification with various chemical agents, SPIONs could support many fields of medicine. SPIONs have also some disadvantages, such as their high uptake by macrophages. Nevertheless, based on the ongoing studies, they seem to be very promising in oncological therapy (especially in the brain, breast, prostate, and pancreatic tumors). The main goal of our paper is, therefore, to present the basic properties of SPIONs, to discuss their current role in medicine, and to review their applications in order to inspire future developments of new, improved SPION systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Łazarczyk
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Hałubiec
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Oskar Szafrański
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., 31-034 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Karolina Karnas
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Anna Karewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa St., 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ashraf S, Taylor A, Sharkey J, Barrow M, Murray P, Wilm B, Poptani H, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ, Lévy R. In vivo fate of free and encapsulated iron oxide nanoparticles after injection of labelled stem cells. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:367-377. [PMID: 36132463 PMCID: PMC9473218 DOI: 10.1039/c8na00098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle contrast agents are useful tools to label stem cells and monitor the in vivo bio-distribution of labeled cells in pre-clinical models of disease. In this context, understanding the in vivo fate of the particles after injection of labelled cells is important for their eventual clinical use as well as for the interpretation of imaging results. We examined how the formulation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) impacts the labelling efficiency, magnetic characteristics and fate of the particles by comparing individual SPIONs with polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules containing SPIONs. At low labelling concentration, encapsulated SPIONs served as an efficient labelling agent for stem cells. The bio-distribution after intra-cardiac injection of labelled cells was monitored longitudinally by MRI and as an endpoint by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The results suggest that, after being released from labelled cells after cell death, both formulations of particles are initially stored in liver and spleen and are not completely cleared from these organs 2 weeks post-injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Ashraf
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology (IIB), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine (ITM), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow Glasgow UK
| | - Raphaël Lévy
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Integrative Biology (IIB), University of Liverpool Liverpool UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mallett CL, Shuboni-Mulligan DD, Shapiro EM. Tracking Neural Progenitor Cell Migration in the Rodent Brain Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Front Neurosci 2019; 12:995. [PMID: 30686969 PMCID: PMC6337062 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of neurogenesis and neural progenitor cells (NPCs) is important across the biomedical spectrum, from learning about normal brain development and studying disease to engineering new strategies in regenerative medicine. In adult mammals, NPCs proliferate in two main areas of the brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone, and continue to migrate even after neurogenesis has ceased within the rest of the brain. In healthy animals, NPCs migrate along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) from the SVZ to the olfactory bulb, and in diseased animals, NPCs migrate toward lesions such as stroke and tumors. Here we review how MRI-based cell tracking using iron oxide particles can be used to monitor and quantify NPC migration in the intact rodent brain, in a serial and relatively non-invasive fashion. NPCs can either be labeled directly in situ by injecting particles into the lateral ventricle or RMS, where NPCs can take up particles, or cells can be harvested and labeled in vitro, then injected into the brain. For in situ labeling experiments, the particle type, injection site, and image analysis methods have been optimized and cell migration toward stroke and multiple sclerosis lesions has been investigated. Delivery of labeled exogenous NPCs has allowed imaging of cell migration toward more sites of neuropathology, which may enable new diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities for as-of-yet untreatable neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane L. Mallett
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dorela D. Shuboni-Mulligan
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Erik M. Shapiro
- Molecular and Cellular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Scarfe L, Taylor A, Sharkey J, Harwood R, Barrow M, Comenge J, Beeken L, Astley C, Santeramo I, Hutchinson C, Ressel L, Smythe J, Austin E, Levy R, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ, Poptani H, Park BK, Murray P, Wilm B. Non-invasive imaging reveals conditions that impact distribution and persistence of cells after in vivo administration. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:332. [PMID: 30486897 PMCID: PMC6264053 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based regenerative medicine therapies are now frequently tested in clinical trials. In many conditions, cell therapies are administered systemically, but there is little understanding of their fate, and adverse events are often under-reported. Currently, it is only possible to assess safety and fate of cell therapies in preclinical studies, specifically by monitoring animals longitudinally using multi-modal imaging approaches. Here, using a suite of in vivo imaging modalities to explore the fate of a range of human and murine cells, we investigate how route of administration, cell type and host immune status affect the fate of administered cells. Methods We applied a unique imaging platform combining bioluminescence, optoacoustic and magnetic resonance imaging modalities to assess the safety of different human and murine cell types by following their biodistribution and persistence in mice following administration into the venous or arterial system. Results Longitudinal imaging analyses (i) suggested that the intra-arterial route may be more hazardous than intravenous administration for certain cell types, (ii) revealed that the potential of a mouse mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) line to form tumours depended on administration route and mouse strain and (iii) indicated that clinically tested human umbilical cord (hUC)-derived MSCs can transiently and unexpectedly proliferate when administered intravenously to mice. Conclusions In order to perform an adequate safety assessment of potential cell-based therapies, a thorough understanding of cell biodistribution and fate post administration is required. The non-invasive imaging platform used here can expose not only the general organ distribution of these therapies, but also a detailed view of their presence within different organs and, importantly, tumourigenic potential. Our observation that the hUC-MSCs but not the human bone marrow (hBM)-derived MSCs persisted for a period in some animals suggests that therapies with these cells should proceed with caution. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-018-1076-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Scarfe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rachel Harwood
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joan Comenge
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lydia Beeken
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Cai Astley
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ilaria Santeramo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claire Hutchinson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Raphael Levy
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian K Park
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
| | - Bettina Wilm
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Centre for Preclinical Imaging, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3BX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shevtsov M, Nikolaev B, Marchenko Y, Yakovleva L, Skvortsov N, Mazur A, Tolstoy P, Ryzhov V, Multhoff G. Targeting experimental orthotopic glioblastoma with chitosan-based superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-DX-SPIONs). Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1471-1482. [PMID: 29559776 PMCID: PMC5856030 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s152461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary brain tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Magnetic nanocarriers may help not only for a targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents into the tumor site but also provide contrast enhancing properties for diagnostics using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Synthesized hybrid chitosan-dextran superparamagnetic nanoparticles (CS-DX-SPIONs) were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and relaxometry studies. Nonlinear magnetic response measurements were employed for confirming the superparamagnetic state of particles. Following in vitro analysis of nanoparticles cellular uptake tumor targeting was assessed in the model of the orthotopic glioma in rodents. Results CS-DX-SPIONs nanoparticles showed a uniform diameter of 55 nm under TEM and superparamagentic characteristics as determined by T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time) and T2 (spin-spin relaxation time) proton relaxation times. Application of the chitosan increased the charge from +8.9 to +19.3 mV of the dextran-based SPIONs. The nonlinear magnetic response at second harmonic of CS-DX-SPIONs following the slow change of stationary magnetic fields with very low hysteresis evidenced superparamagnetic state of particles at ambient temperatures. Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry studies showed an enhanced internalization of the chitosan-based nanoparticles in U87, C6 glioma and HeLa cells as compared to dextran-coated particles. Cytotoxicity assay demonstrated acceptable toxicity profile of the synthesized nanoparticles up to a concentration of 10 μg/ml. Intravenously administered CS-DX-SPIONs in orthotopic C6 gliomas in rats accumulated in the tumor site as shown by high-resolution MRI (11.0 T). Retention of nanoparticles resulted in a significant contrast enhancement of the tumor image that was accompanied with a dramatic drop in T2 values (P<0.001). Subsequent histological studies proved the accumulation of the nanoparticles inside glioblastoma cells. Conclusion Hybrid chitosan-dextran magnetic particles demonstrated high MR contrast enhancing properties for the delineation of the brain tumor. Due to a significant retention of the particles in the tumor an application of the CS-DX-SPIONs could not only improve the tumor imaging but also could allow a targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim Shevtsov
- Department of Cell Biotechnology, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Radiation Immuno Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia.,Department of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Polenov Russian Scientific Research Institute of Neurosurgery, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Boris Nikolaev
- Department of Nanomedicine, Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yaroslav Marchenko
- Department of Nanomedicine, Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ludmila Yakovleva
- Department of Nanomedicine, Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikita Skvortsov
- Department of Nanomedicine, Research Institute of Highly Pure Biopreparations, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anton Mazur
- Department of NMR, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter Tolstoy
- Department of NMR, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vyacheslav Ryzhov
- Department of NMR, NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Russia
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Immuno Oncology, Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Barrow M, Taylor A, Fuentes-Caparrós AM, Sharkey J, Daniels LM, Mandal P, Park BK, Murray P, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ. SPIONs for cell labelling and tracking using MRI: magnetite or maghemite? Biomater Sci 2017; 6:101-106. [PMID: 29188240 PMCID: PMC5793703 DOI: 10.1039/c7bm00515f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although there is extensive literature covering the biomedical applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), the phase of the iron oxide core used is not often taken into account when cell labelling and tracking studies for regenerative medicine are considered. Here, we use a co-precipitation reaction to synthesise particles of both magnetite- (Fe3O4) and maghemite- (γ-Fe2O3) based cores and consider whether the extra synthesis step to make maghemite based particles is advantageous for cell tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK . ;
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging , Institute of Translational Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | | | - Jack Sharkey
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging , Institute of Translational Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Luke M. Daniels
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK . ;
| | - Pranab Mandal
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK . ;
| | - B. Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science , Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging , Institute of Translational Medicine , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | | | - Dave J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK . ;
- School of Chemistry , College of Science and Engineering , University of Glasgow , Glasgow , G12 8QQ , UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cai K, Wang AZ, Yin L, Cheng J. Bio-nano interface: The impact of biological environment on nanomaterials and their delivery properties. J Control Release 2017; 263:211-222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
17
|
Nold P, Hartmann R, Feliu N, Kantner K, Gamal M, Pelaz B, Hühn J, Sun X, Jungebluth P, Del Pino P, Hackstein H, Macchiarini P, Parak WJ, Brendel C. Optimizing conditions for labeling of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with gold nanoparticles: a prerequisite for in vivo tracking of MSCs. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:24. [PMID: 28356160 PMCID: PMC5372278 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have an inherent migratory capacity towards tumor tissue in vivo. With the future objective to quantify the tumor homing efficacy of MSCs, as first step in this direction we investigated the use of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), in particular ca. 4 nm-sized Au NPs, for MSC labeling. Time dependent uptake efficiencies of NPs at different exposure concentrations and times were determined via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results The labeling efficiency of the MSCs was determined in terms of the amount of exocytosed NPs versus the amount of initially endocytosed NPs, demonstrating that at high concentrations the internalized Au NPs were exocytosed over time, leading to continuous exhaustion. While exposure to NPs did not significantly impair cell viability or expression of surface markers, even at high dose levels, MSCs were significantly affected in their proliferation and migration potential. These results demonstrate that proliferation or migration assays are more suitable to evaluate whether labeling of MSCs with certain amounts of NPs exerts distress on cells. However, despite optimized conditions the labeling efficiency varied considerably in MSC lots from different donors, indicating cell specific loading capacities for NPs. Finally, we determined the detection limits of Au NP-labeled MSCs within murine tissue employing ICP-MS and demonstrate the distribution and homing of NP labeled MSCs in vivo. Conclusion Although large amounts of NPs improve contrast for imaging, duration and extend of labeling needs to be adjusted carefully to avoid functional deficits in MSCs. We established an optimized labeling strategy for human MSCs with Au NPs that preserves their migratory capacity in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0258-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Nold
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Raimo Hartmann
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Neus Feliu
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Kantner
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Gamal
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Beatriz Pelaz
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jonas Hühn
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Xing Sun
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Pablo Del Pino
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger Hackstein
- Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Paolo Macchiarini
- Laboratory of Bioengineering & Regenerative Medicine (BioReM), Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Wolfgang J Parak
- Department of Physics, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany. .,CIC Biomagune, San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - Cornelia Brendel
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sharkey J, Starkey Lewis PJ, Barrow M, Alwahsh SM, Noble J, Livingstone E, Lennen RJ, Jansen MA, Carrion JG, Liptrott N, Forbes S, Adams DJ, Chadwick AE, Forbes SJ, Murray P, Rosseinsky MJ, Goldring CE, Park BK. Functionalized superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles provide highly efficient iron-labeling in macrophages for magnetic resonance-based detection in vivo. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:555-569. [PMID: 28214127 PMCID: PMC5357746 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Tracking cells during regenerative cytotherapy is crucial for monitoring their safety and efficacy. Macrophages are an emerging cell-based regenerative therapy for liver disease and can be readily labeled for medical imaging. A reliable, clinically applicable cell-tracking agent would be a powerful tool to study cell biodistribution. METHODS Using a recently described chemical design, we set out to functionalize, optimize and characterize a new set of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) to efficiently label macrophages for magnetic resonance imaging-based cell tracking in vivo. RESULTS A series of cell health and iron uptake assays determined that positively charged SPIONs (+16.8 mV) could safely label macrophages more efficiently than the formerly approved ferumoxide (-6.7 mV; Endorem) and at least 10 times more efficiently than the clinically approved SPION ferumoxytol (-24.2 mV; Rienso). An optimal labeling time of 4 h at 25 µg/mL was demonstrated to label macrophages of mouse and human origin without any adverse effects on cell viability whilst providing substantial iron uptake (>5 pg Fe/cell) that was retained for 7 days in vitro. SPION labeling caused no significant reduction in phagocytic activity and a shift toward a reversible M1-like phenotype in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Finally, we show that SPION-labeled BMDMs delivered via the hepatic portal vein to mice are localized in the hepatic parenchyma resulting in a 50% drop in T2* in the liver. Engraftment of exogenous cells was confirmed via immunohistochemistry up to 3 weeks posttransplantation. DISCUSSION A positively charged dextran-coated SPION is a promising tool to noninvasively track hepatic macrophage localization for therapeutic monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Sharkey
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J Starkey Lewis
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Barrow
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Salamah M Alwahsh
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - June Noble
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eilidh Livingstone
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross J Lennen
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits A Jansen
- Edinburgh Preclinical Imaging, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Neill Liptrott
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; European Nanomedicine Characterisation Laboratory (EU-NCL), Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Shareen Forbes
- Cardiovascular Sciences, Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dave J Adams
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Amy E Chadwick
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart J Forbes
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Little France Drive, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Murray
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Rosseinsky
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher E Goldring
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
| | - B Kevin Park
- UK Regenerative Medicine Platform Safety and Efficacy Hub, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, Ashton Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin R, Li Y, MacDonald T, Wu H, Provenzale J, Peng X, Huang J, Wang L, Wang AY, Yang J, Mao H. Improving sensitivity and specificity of capturing and detecting targeted cancer cells with anti-biofouling polymer coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 150:261-270. [PMID: 28029547 PMCID: PMC5253252 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with high sensitivity and specificity is critical to management of metastatic cancers. Although immuno-magnetic technology for in vitro detection of CTCs has shown promising potential for clinical applications, the biofouling effect, i.e., non-specific adhesion of biomolecules and non-cancerous cells in complex biological samples to the surface of a device/probe, can reduce the sensitivity and specificity of cell detection. Reported herein is the application of anti-biofouling polyethylene glycol-block-allyl glycidyl ether copolymer (PEG-b-AGE) coated iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to improve the separation of targeted tumor cells from aqueous phase in an external magnetic field. PEG-b-AGE coated IONPs conjugated with transferrin (Tf) exhibited significant anti-biofouling properties against non-specific protein adsorption and off-target cell uptake, thus substantially enhancing the ability to target and separate transferrin receptor (TfR) over-expressed D556 medulloblastoma cells. Tf conjugated PEG-b-AGE coated IONPs exhibited a high capture rate of targeted tumor cells (D556 medulloblastoma cell) in cell media (58.7±6.4%) when separating 100 targeted tumor cells from 1×105 non-targeted cells and 41 targeted tumor cells from 100 D556 medulloblastoma cells spiked into 1mL blood. It is demonstrated that developed nanoparticle has higher efficiency in capturing targeted cells than widely used micron-sized particles (i.e., Dynabeads®).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Lin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yuancheng Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tobey MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - James Provenzale
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xingui Peng
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Radiology, The Medical College of Southeastern University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Jianyong Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jasmin, de Souza GT, Louzada RA, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Mendez-Otero R, Campos de Carvalho AC. Tracking stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: perspectives and considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:779-793. [PMID: 28182122 PMCID: PMC5279820 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been used for diagnoses in biomedical applications, due to their unique properties and their apparent safety for humans. In general, SPIONs do not seem to produce cell damage, although their long-term in vivo effects continue to be investigated. The possibility of efficiently labeling cells with these magnetic nanoparticles has stimulated their use to noninvasively track cells by magnetic resonance imaging after transplantation. SPIONs are attracting increasing attention and are one of the preferred methods for cell labeling and tracking in preclinical and clinical studies. For clinical protocol approval of magnetic-labeled cell tracking, it is essential to expand our knowledge of the time course of SPIONs after cell incorporation and transplantation. This review focuses on the recent advances in tracking SPION-labeled stem cells, analyzing the possibilities and limitations of their use, not only focusing on myocardial infarction but also discussing other models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin
- NUMPEX-Bio, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ
- Correspondence: Jasmin, Estrada de Xerém, 27, NUMPEX-Bio – UFRJ, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25245-390, Brazil, Tel +55 21 2679 1018, Email
| | - Gustavo Torres de Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG
- Laboratory of Genetics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Institute Gustave-Roussy of Oncology, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Institute Carlos Chagas Filho of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zeng Y, Wang L, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhang Y, Wang J, Mi P, Liu G, Zhou L. Gadolinium hybrid iron oxide nanocomposites for dual T1- and T2-weighted MR imaging of cell labeling. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:50-56. [PMID: 27840861 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00706f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of dual T1- and T2-weighted MRI contrast agents is developed for cell labeling and tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Liqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Zijian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine
- School of Public Health
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361102
- China
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine
- School of Public Health
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361102
- China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine
- School of Public Health
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361102
- China
| | - Junqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine
- School of Public Health
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361102
- China
| | - Peng Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center
- West China Hospital
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine
- School of Public Health
- Xiamen University
- Xiamen 361102
- China
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610041
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guldris N, Argibay B, Gallo J, Iglesias-Rey R, Carbó-Argibay E, Kolen'ko YV, Campos F, Sobrino T, Salonen LM, Bañobre-López M, Castillo J, Rivas J. Magnetite Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Labeling with High Efficiency and Long-Term in Vivo Tracking. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:362-370. [PMID: 27977143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO-PAA), ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO-PAA), and glucosamine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO-PAA-GlcN) were studied as mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) labels for cell tracking applications by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pronounced differences were found in the labeling performance of the three samples in terms of cellular dose and labeling efficiency. In combination with polylysine, SPIO-PAA showed nonhomogeneous cell internalization, while for USPIO-PAA no uptake was found. On the contrary, USPIO-PAA-GlcN featured high cellular uptake and biocompatibility, and sensitive detection in both in vitro and in vivo experiments was found by MRI, showing that glucosamine functionalization can be an efficient strategy to increase cell uptake of ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles by MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Guldris
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Juan Gallo
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Enrique Carbó-Argibay
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Yury V Kolen'ko
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | - Laura M Salonen
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - José Rivas
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga s/n, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Greiner AM, Sales A, Chen H, Biela SA, Kaufmann D, Kemkemer R. Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 7:1620-1641. [PMID: 28144512 PMCID: PMC5238670 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.7.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular environment of vascular cells in vivo is complex in its chemical composition, physical properties, and architecture. Consequently, it has been a great challenge to study vascular cell responses in vitro, either to understand their interaction with their native environment or to investigate their interaction with artificial structures such as implant surfaces. New procedures and techniques from materials science to fabricate bio-scaffolds and surfaces have enabled novel studies of vascular cell responses under well-defined, controllable culture conditions. These advancements are paving the way for a deeper understanding of vascular cell biology and materials-cell interaction. Here, we review previous work focusing on the interaction of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) with materials having micro- and nanostructured surfaces. We summarize fabrication techniques for surface topographies, materials, geometries, biochemical functionalization, and mechanical properties of such materials. Furthermore, various studies on vascular cell behavior and their biological responses to micro- and nanostructured surfaces are reviewed. Emphasis is given to studies of cell morphology and motility, cell proliferation, the cytoskeleton and cell-matrix adhesions, and signal transduction pathways of vascular cells. We finalize with a short outlook on potential interesting future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Greiner
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Zoology, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- now at: Pforzheim University, School of Engineering, Tiefenbronner Strasse 65, 75175 Pforzheim, Germany
| | - Adria Sales
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Hao Chen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Zoology, Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Haid-und-Neu-Strasse 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sarah A Biela
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dieter Kaufmann
- Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Institut für Humangenetik, Albert Einstein Allee 11, 89070 Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralf Kemkemer
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of New Materials and Biosystems, Heisenbergstrasse 3, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Reutlingen University, Faculty of Applied Chemistry, Alteburgstrasse 150, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang J, Kong M, Zhou Z, Yan D, Yu X, Cheng X, Feng C, Liu Y, Chen X. Mechanism of surface charge triggered intestinal epithelial tight junction opening upon chitosan nanoparticles for insulin oral delivery. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:596-602. [PMID: 27987967 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium is a major barrier limiting the absorption of oral insulin owing to the presence of intercellular tight junctions (TJs). Previous studies proved that carboxymethyl chitosan/chitosan-nanoparticles (CMCS/CS-NPs) exhibited surface charge depending promotion of intestinal absorption. This study further confirmed the better performances of insulin:CMCS/CS-NPs(-) in enhancing epithelial permeation, increasing bioavailability and extending blood duration of insulin than insulin:CMCS/CS-NPs(+). Immunohistochemistry sections found that TJs on jejunum epithelium completely disappeared in insulin:CMCS/CS-NPs(-) group, partially existed in insulin:CMCS/CS-NPs(+) group and appeared no change in control. Surface charges of CMCS/CS-NPs triggered intestinal epithelial TJs opening through different mechanisms. Although a down-regulation of TJs protein claudin-4 was detected in both nanoparticles groups, for phosphorylated claudin-4, the activating form, whose down-regulation occurred only in insulin:CMCS/CS-NPs(-) group. Counting upon synergetic effects of Ca2+ deprivation from adherens junctions and claudin-4 dephosphorylation and degradation, CMCS/CS-NPs(-) triggered more extensive disintegration of TJs and stronger paracellular permeability than the positive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China; College of Life Science, Linyi University, Shandong, 276005, PR China
| | - Ming Kong
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Zhenjin Zhou
- Shandong Linyi Guolong Eco-Tech Co., Ltd., Lin'yi, 276034, PR China
| | - Dong Yan
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Cheng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Chao Feng
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China
| | - Ya Liu
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| | - Xiguang Chen
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun W, Yang J, Zhu J, Zhou Y, Li J, Zhu X, Shen M, Zhang G, Shi X. Immobilization of iron oxide nanoparticles within alginate nanogels for enhanced MR imaging applications. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1422-30. [PMID: 27534270 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00370b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the design of iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticle (NP)-immobilized alginate (AG) nanogels (NGs) as a novel contrast agent for enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging applications. In this study, an aqueous solution of AG activated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride was double emulsified to form NGs, followed by in situ cross-linking with polyethyleneimine (PEI)-coated Fe3O4 NPs (PEI-Fe3O4 NPs). The resultant Fe3O4 NP-immobilized AG NGs (AG/PEI-Fe3O4 NGs) were characterized via different techniques. Our results reveal that the hybrid NGs with a size of 186.1 ± 33.1 nm are water dispersible, colloidally stable, and cytocompatible in the given concentration range. Importantly, these NGs have a high r2 relaxivity (170.87 mM(-1) s(-1)) due to the high loading of Fe3O4 NPs within the NGs, and can be more significantly uptaken by cancer cells when compared with carboxylated Fe3O4 NPs. The formed AG/PEI-Fe3O4 NGs are able to be used as an effective contrast agent for the MR imaging of cancer cells in vitro and the xenografted tumor model in vivo after intravenous injection. The developed AG/PEI-Fe3O4 NGs may hold great promise for use as a novel contrast agent for the enhanced MR imaging of different biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Akpinar B, Fielding LA, Cunningham VJ, Ning Y, Mykhaylyk OO, Fowler PW, Armes SP. Determining the Effective Density and Stabilizer Layer Thickness of Sterically Stabilized Nanoparticles. Macromolecules 2016; 49:5160-5171. [PMID: 27478250 PMCID: PMC4963924 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A series of model sterically stabilized diblock copolymer nanoparticles has been designed to aid the development of analytical protocols in order to determine two key parameters: the effective particle density and the steric stabilizer layer thickness. The former parameter is essential for high resolution particle size analysis based on analytical (ultra)centrifugation techniques (e.g., disk centrifuge photosedimentometry, DCP), whereas the latter parameter is of fundamental importance in determining the effectiveness of steric stabilization as a colloid stability mechanism. The diblock copolymer nanoparticles were prepared via polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) using RAFT aqueous emulsion polymerization: this approach affords relatively narrow particle size distributions and enables the mean particle diameter and the stabilizer layer thickness to be adjusted independently via systematic variation of the mean degree of polymerization of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks, respectively. The hydrophobic core-forming block was poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) [PTFEMA], which was selected for its relatively high density. The hydrophilic stabilizer block was poly(glycerol monomethacrylate) [PGMA], which is a well-known non-ionic polymer that remains water-soluble over a wide range of temperatures. Four series of PGMA x -PTFEMA y nanoparticles were prepared (x = 28, 43, 63, and 98, y = 100-1400) and characterized via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). It was found that the degree of polymerization of both the PGMA stabilizer and core-forming PTFEMA had a strong influence on the mean particle diameter, which ranged from 20 to 250 nm. Furthermore, SAXS was used to determine radii of gyration of 1.46 to 2.69 nm for the solvated PGMA stabilizer blocks. Thus, the mean effective density of these sterically stabilized particles was calculated and determined to lie between 1.19 g cm-3 for the smaller particles and 1.41 g cm-3 for the larger particles; these values are significantly lower than the solid-state density of PTFEMA (1.47 g cm-3). Since analytical centrifugation requires the density difference between the particles and the aqueous phase, determining the effective particle density is clearly vital for obtaining reliable particle size distributions. Furthermore, selected DCP data were recalculated by taking into account the inherent density distribution superimposed on the particle size distribution. Consequently, the true particle size distributions were found to be somewhat narrower than those calculated using an erroneous single density value, with smaller particles being particularly sensitive to this artifact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernice Akpinar
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Lee A. Fielding
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
- School
of Materials, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Victoria J. Cunningham
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Yin Ning
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Oleksandr O. Mykhaylyk
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Patrick W. Fowler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| | - Steven P. Armes
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire S3 7HF, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen D, Monteiro-Riviere NA, Zhang LW. Intracellular imaging of quantum dots, gold, and iron oxide nanoparticles with associated endocytic pathways. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 9. [PMID: 27418010 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles (NP) have been used for biomedical applications especially for imaging. Compared to nonmetallic NP, metallic NP provide high contrast images because of their optical light scattering, magnetic resonance, X-ray absorption, or other physicochemical properties. In this review, a series of in vitro imaging techniques for metallic NP will be introduced, meanwhile their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed. By utilizing these imaging methods, the cellular uptake of metallic NP can be easily visualized to better understand the endocytic mechanisms of NP intracellular delivery. Several types of metallic NP that are used for imaging or as contrast agents such as quantum dots, gold, iron oxide, and other metallic NP will be presented. Cellular uptake of metallic NP and associated endocytic mechanisms highly depends upon the NP size, charge, surface coating, shape, or other factors such as cell type, cell differentiation status, cell surface status, external forces, protein binding, temperature, and the biological milieu. Classical endocytic routes such as lipid raft-mediated pathways, clathrin or caveolae-mediated pathways, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis have been investigated, yet there is still a demand to determine other endocytic pathways. Knowing the different methodologies used to determine the endocytic pathways will increase the understanding of NP toxicity, cancer cell targeting, and imaging, so that surface coatings can be created for efficient cell uptake of metallic NP with minimal cytotoxicity WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1419. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1419 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Chen
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Nancy A Monteiro-Riviere
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Leshuai W Zhang
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Barrow M, Taylor A, García Carrión J, Mandal P, Park BK, Poptani H, Murray P, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ. Co-precipitation of DEAE-dextran coated SPIONs: how synthesis conditions affect particle properties, stem cell labelling and MR contrast. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:362-370. [PMID: 27358113 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are widely used as contrast agents for stem cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The total mass of iron oxide that can be internalised into cells without altering their viability or phenotype is an important criterion for the generation of contrast, with SPIONs designed for efficient labelling of stem cells allowing for an increased sensitivity of detection. Although changes in the ratio of polymer and iron salts in co-precipitation reactions are known to affect the physicochemical properties of SPIONs, particularly core size, the effects of these synthesis conditions on stem cell labelling and magnetic resonance (MR) contrast have not been established. Here, we synthesised a series of cationic SPIONs with very similar hydrodynamic diameters and surface charges, but different polymer content. We have investigated how the amount of polymer in the co-precipitation reaction affects core size and modulates not only the magnetic properties of the SPIONs but also their uptake into stem cells. SPIONs with the largest core size and lowest polymer content presented the highest magnetisation and relaxivity. These particles also had the greatest uptake efficiency without any deleterious effect on either the viability or function of the stem cells. However, for all particles internalised in cells, the T2 and T2* relaxivity was independent of the SPION's core size. Our results indicate that the relative mass of iron taken up by cells is the major determinant of MR contrast generation and suggest that the extent of SPION uptake can be regulated by the amount of polymer used in co-precipitation reactions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Arthur Taylor
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Pranab Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - B Kevin Park
- MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, The Department of Clinical and Molecular Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK
| | - Harish Poptani
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Patricia Murray
- Centre for Preclinical Imaging, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Dave J Adams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Barrow M, Taylor A, Murray P, Rosseinsky MJ, Adams DJ. Design considerations for the synthesis of polymer coated iron oxide nanoparticles for stem cell labelling and tracking using MRI. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 44:6733-48. [PMID: 26169237 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00331h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs, sometimes called superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles or SPIONs) have already shown promising results for in vivo cell tracking using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). To fully exploit the potential of these materials as contrast agents, there is still a need for a greater understanding of how they react to physiological conditions. A key aspect is the specific nature of the surface coating, which can affect important properties of the IONPs such as colloidal stability, toxicity, magnetism and labelling efficiency. Polymers are widely used as coatings for IONPs as they can increase colloidal stability in hydrophilic conditions, as well as protect the iron oxide core from degradation. In this tutorial review, we will examine the design and synthesis approaches currently being employed to produce polymer coated IONPs as cell tracking agents, and what considerations must be made. We will also give some perspective on the challenges and limitations that remain for polymer coated IONPs as MRI contrast agents for stem cell tracking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu H, Tan Y, Xie L, Yang L, Zhao J, Bai J, Huang P, Zhan W, Wan Q, Zou C, Han Y, Wang Z. Self-assembled dual-modality contrast agents for non-invasive stem cell tracking via near-infrared fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 478:217-26. [PMID: 27299677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.05.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells hold great promise for treating various diseases. However, one of the main drawbacks of stem cell therapy is the lack of non-invasive image-tracking technologies. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging have been employed to analyse cellular and subcellular events via the assistance of contrast agents, the sensitivity and temporal resolution of MRI and the spatial resolution of NIRF are still shortcomings. In this study, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanocrystals and IR-780 dyes were co-encapsulated in stearic acid-modified polyethylenimine to form a dual-modality contrast agent with nano-size and positive charge. These resulting agents efficiently labelled stem cells and did not influence the cellular viability and differentiation. Moreover, the labelled cells showed the advantages of dual-modality imaging in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China
| | - Yan Tan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Lisi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Jingxuan Bai
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Ping Huang
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Wugen Zhan
- Laboratory for Gene and Cell Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yali Han
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, PR China.
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for MRI, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Revia RA, Zhang M. Magnetite nanoparticles for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring: recent advances. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2016; 19:157-168. [PMID: 27524934 PMCID: PMC4981486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanoparticles (NPs) for use in all facets of oncological disease detection and therapy has shown great progress over the past two decades. NPs have been tailored for use as contrast enhancement agents for imaging, drug delivery vehicles, and most recently as a therapeutic component in initiating tumor cell death in magnetic and photonic ablation therapies. Of the many possible core constituents of NPs, such as gold, silver, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, manganese oxide, lipids, micelles, etc., iron oxide (or magnetite) based NPs have been extensively investigated due to their excellent superparamagnetic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. This review addresses recent applications of magnetite NPs in diagnosis, treatment, and treatment monitoring of cancer. Finally, some views will be discussed concerning the toxicity and clinical translation of iron oxide NPs and the future outlook of NP development to facilitate multiple therapies in a single formulation for cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard A. Revia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Miqin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang H, Zhou S. Magnetic and fluorescent carbon-based nanohybrids for multi-modal imaging and magnetic field/NIR light responsive drug carriers. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:1062-73. [DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00262e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This mini-review summarizes the latest developments and addresses the future perspectives of carbon-based magnetic and fluorescent nanohybrids in the biomedical field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The College of Staten Island
- and The Graduate Center
- The City University of New York
- Staten Island
| | - Shuiqin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry
- The College of Staten Island
- and The Graduate Center
- The City University of New York
- Staten Island
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jing J, Zhang Y, Tang X, Fang Z. Synthesis of a highly efficient phosphorus-containing flame retardant utilizing plant-derived diphenolic acids and its application in polylactic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06742e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly efficient phosphorous-containing flame retardant for PLA is synthesized from plant-derived diphenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Materials and Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Xinlei Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Institute of Polymer Composites
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhou G, Xu Y, Chen M, Cheng D, Shuai X. Tumor-penetrating peptide modified and pH-sensitive polyplexes for tumor targeted siRNA delivery. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00427j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The pH-sensitive copolymer enhanced the lysosome escape of polyplexes and modification of iRGD endowed the polyplexes with effective intratumoral delivery and high transfection efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Zhou
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Yongmin Xu
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences
- University of Macau
- Macau 999078
- China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- PCFM Lab of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Sun Yat-sen University
- Guangzhou 510275
- China
- BME center
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Patil US, Adireddy S, Jaiswal A, Mandava S, Lee BR, Chrisey DB. In Vitro/In Vivo Toxicity Evaluation and Quantification of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:24417-50. [PMID: 26501258 PMCID: PMC4632758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161024417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing biomedical applications of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in academic and commercial settings have alarmed the scientific community about the safety and assessment of toxicity profiles of IONPs. The great amount of diversity found in the cytotoxic measurements of IONPs points toward the necessity of careful characterization and quantification of IONPs. The present document discusses the major developments related to in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessment of IONPs and its relationship with the physicochemical parameters of IONPs. Major discussion is included on the current spectrophotometric and imaging based techniques used for quantifying, and studying the clearance and biodistribution of IONPs. Several invasive and non-invasive quantification techniques along with the pitfalls are discussed in detail. Finally, critical guidelines are provided to optimize the design of IONPs to minimize the toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ujwal S Patil
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA 70148, USA.
| | - Shiva Adireddy
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| | - Ashvin Jaiswal
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Sree Mandava
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Benjamin R Lee
- Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane avenue, SL-42, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Douglas B Chrisey
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, 5050 Percival Stern Hall, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|