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Rayner PJ, Fekete M, Gater CA, Ahwal F, Turner N, Kennerley AJ, Duckett SB. Real-Time High-Sensitivity Reaction Monitoring of Important Nitrogen-Cycle Synthons by 15N Hyperpolarized Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:8756-8769. [PMID: 35508182 PMCID: PMC9121385 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c02619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Here, we show how
signal amplification by reversible exchange hyperpolarization
of a range of 15N-containing synthons can be used to enable
studies of their reactivity by 15N nuclear magnetic resonance
(NO2– (28% polarization), ND3 (3%), PhCH2NH2 (5%), NaN3 (3%),
and NO3– (0.1%)). A range of iridium-based
spin-polarization transfer catalysts are used, which for NO2– work optimally as an amino-derived carbene-containing
complex with a DMAP-d2 coligand. We harness
long 15N spin-order lifetimes to probe in situ reactivity
out to 3 × T1. In the case of NO2– (T1 17.7 s
at 9.4 T), we monitor PhNH2 diazotization in acidic solution.
The resulting diazonium salt (15N-T1 38 s) forms within 30 s, and its subsequent reaction with
NaN3 leads to the detection of hyperpolarized PhN3 (T1 192 s) in a second step via the
formation of an identified cyclic pentazole intermediate. The role
of PhN3 and NaN3 in copper-free click chemistry
is exemplified for hyperpolarized triazole (T1 < 10 s) formation when they react with a strained alkyne.
We also demonstrate simple routes to hyperpolarized N2 in
addition to showing how utilization of 15N-polarized PhCH2NH2 enables the probing of amidation, sulfonamidation,
and imine formation. Hyperpolarized ND3 is used to probe
imine and ND4+ (T1 33.6 s) formation. Furthermore, for NO2–, we also demonstrate how the 15N-magnetic resonance imaging
monitoring of biphasic catalysis confirms the successful preparation
of an aqueous bolus of hyperpolarized 15NO2– in seconds with 8% polarization. Hence, we create
a versatile tool to probe organic transformations that has significant
relevance for the synthesis of future hyperpolarized pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Marianna Fekete
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Callum A Gater
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Fadi Ahwal
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Norman Turner
- Department of Engineering and Technology, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire HD1 3DH, U.K
| | - Aneurin J Kennerley
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Simon B Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, U.K
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2
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Kitamura M, Eto T, Konai K, Takahashi S, Shimooka H, Okauchi T. Synthesis of Diazoquinones and Azidophenols via Diazo‐transfer Reaction of Phenols. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Kitamura
- Kyushu Institute of Technology Department of Applied Chemistry 1-1 Sensui-cho, Tobataku 804-8550 Kitakyushu JAPAN
| | - Takashi Eto
- Kyushu Kogyo Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
| | | | | | | | - Tatsuo Okauchi
- Kyushu Kogyo Daigaku Department of Applied Chemistry JAPAN
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3
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Lai Y, Liu Y, Huang W, Zeng Z, Yang H, Tang Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrazole- and Imidazole- Derived Energetic Compounds Featuring Ortho Azido/nitro Groups. FIREPHYSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpc.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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4
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Pulagam KR, Gómez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Rejc L. Radiochemistry: A Useful Tool in the Ophthalmic Drug Discovery. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:501-522. [PMID: 31142249 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190530122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Computerized Tomography (SPECT) are ultra-sensitive, fully translational and minimally invasive nuclear imaging techniques capable of tracing the spatiotemporal distribution of positron (PET) or gamma (SPECT) emitter-labeled molecules after administration into a living organism. Besides their impact in the clinical diagnostic, PET and SPECT are playing an increasing role in the process of drug development, both during the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic properties of new chemical entities as well as in the proof of concept, proof of mechanism and proof of efficacy studies. However, they have been scarcely applied in the context of ophthalmic drugs. In this paper, the basics of nuclear imaging and radiochemistry are briefly discussed, and the few examples of the use of these imaging modalities in ophthalmic drug development reported in the literature are presented and discussed. Finally, in a purely theoretical exercise, some labeling strategies that could be applied to the preparation of selected ophthalmic drugs are proposed and potential applications of nuclear imaging in ophthalmology are projected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna R Pulagam
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Luka Rejc
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group, CIC biomaGUNE, San Sebastian, Spain
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5
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Tripathi A, Rode CV, Llop J, Chavan SP, Joshi SM. An enolate-mediated regioselective synthesis of 1,2,3-triazoles via azide-aldehydes or ketones [3+2]-cycloaddition reactions in aqueous phase. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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6
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemistry for Positron Emission Tomography: Recent Advances in 11 C-, 18 F-, 13 N-, and 15 O-Labeling Reactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2580-2605. [PMID: 30054961 PMCID: PMC6405341 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technology that provides quantitative information about function and metabolism in biological processes in vivo for disease diagnosis and therapy assessment. The broad application and rapid advances of PET has led to an increased demand for new radiochemical methods to synthesize highly specific molecules bearing positron-emitting radionuclides. This Review provides an overview of commonly used labeling reactions through examples of clinically relevant PET tracers and highlights the most recent developments and breakthroughs over the past decade, with a focus on 11 C, 18 F, 13 N, and 15 O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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7
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Deng X, Rong J, Wang L, Vasdev N, Zhang L, Josephson L, Liang SH. Chemie der Positronenemissionstomographie: Aktuelle Fortschritte bei
11
C‐,
18
F‐,
13
N‐ und
15
O‐Markierungsreaktionen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Deng
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine DesignPfizer Inc. Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular ImagingMassachusetts General Hospital & Department of RadiologyHarvard Medical School Boston MA 02114 USA
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8
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da Silva ES, Gómez-Vallejo V, López-Gallego F, Llop J. Biocatalysis in radiochemistry: Enzymatic incorporation of PET radionuclides into molecules of biomedical interest. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:332-354. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eunice S. da Silva
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging; CIC biomaGUNE; San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain
- Analytical Department; Syncom BV; Groningen The Netherlands
| | | | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous Biocatalysis laboratory; CIC biomaGUNE; San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging; CIC biomaGUNE; San Sebastian Gipuzkoa Spain
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9
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Labelling with positron emitters of pnicogens and chalcogens. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:179-195. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Joshi SM, Mane RB, Pulagam KR, Gomez-Vallejo V, Llop J, Rode C. The microwave-assisted synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles via [3+2] cycloaddition over a heterogeneous Cu-based catalyst: application to the preparation of 13N-labelled tetrazoles. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00568g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The [3+2] cycloaddition between various nitriles and sodium azide proceeds smoothly in the presence of a new CuII catalyst in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to give the corresponding 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer M. Joshi
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Rasika B. Mane
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
| | - Krishna R. Pulagam
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | | | - Jordi Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - Chandrashekhar Rode
- Chemical Engineering & Process Development Division
- National Chemical Laboratory
- Pune 411008
- India
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11
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12
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Joshi S, Gómez-Vallejo V, Salinas V, Llop J. Synthesis of 13N-labelled polysubstituted triazoles via Huisgen cycloaddition. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24670b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
13N-labelled triazoles have been synthesized via Huisgen cycloaddition by reaction of 13N-labelled azides with alkynes or aldehydes under catalytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. M. Joshi
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - V. Gómez-Vallejo
- Radiochemistry Platform
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - V. Salinas
- Radiochemistry Platform
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
| | - J. Llop
- Radiochemistry and Nuclear Imaging Group
- CIC biomaGUNE
- 20009 Donostia-San Sebastián
- Spain
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