1
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Molecular engineering and bioimaging applications of C2-alkenyl indole dyes with tunable emission wavelengths covering visible to NIR light. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106905. [PMID: 37832222 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
As an important member of dyes, small-molecule fluorescent dyes show indispensable value in biomedical fields. Although various molecular dyes have been developed, full-color dyes covering blue to red region derived from a single chromophore are still in urgent demand. In this work, a series of dyes based on C2-alkenyl indole skeleton were synthesized, namely AI dyes, and their photophysical properties, cytotoxicity, and imaging capacity were verified to be satisfactory. Particularly, the maximal emission wavelengths of these dyes could cover a wide range from visible to NIR light with large Stokes shifts. Besides, the optical and structural discrepancies between the C2- and C3- alkenyl AI dyes were discussed in detail, and the theoretical calculations were conducted to provide insights on such structure-activity relationship. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, a fluorescent probe AI-Py-B capable of imaging endogenous ONOO- was presented, demonstrating the bioimaging potentials of these alkenyl indole dyes. This work is anticipated to open up new possibilities for developing dye engineering and bio-applications of natural indole framework.
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2
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Iridium(I)-Catalyzed Atroposelective Alkenylation of Heterobiaryls with Terminal Alkynes. Org Lett 2023; 25:5703-5708. [PMID: 37523590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report an iridium(I)-catalyzed atroposelective alkenylation of isoquinoline-derived heterobiaryls with terminal alkynes. In the presence of a cationic iridium(I) catalyst with (R)-SEGPHOS as the chiral ligand, this atom-economical alkenylation protocol allows the rapid construction of a series of axially chiral alkenylated heterobiaryls in moderate to good yields with good to high enantioselectivities.
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3
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N-Allylbenzimidazole as a strategic surrogate in Rh-catalyzed stereoselective trans-propenylation of aryl C(sp 2)-H bond. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 59:199-202. [PMID: 36476727 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06048e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
A Rh-catalyzed C(sp2)-H propenylation has been reported by taking N-allyl benzimidazole as an allylamine congener. This transformation has been observed for the first time, where a tandem process of C-H allylation followed by alkene isomerization delivers a highly stereoselective trans-propenylated product. Detailed mechanistic studies including the characterization of rhodacycle-intermediates have been conducted to understand the mechanism.
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4
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Ru(II)-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of in situ Generated 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1-propyne by C-H Bond Activation: A Facile and Practical Access to β-Trifluoromethylstyrenes. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201928. [PMID: 35736795 PMCID: PMC9804422 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a practical and straightforward synthesis of β-(E)-trifluoromethylstyrenes by ruthenium-catalyzed C-H bond activation was developed. The readily available and inexpensive 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (BTP), a non-ozone depleting reagent, was used as a reservoir of 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne. With this approach, the monofunctionalization of a panel of heteroarenes was possible in a safe and scalable manner (23 examples, up to 87 % yield). Mechanistic investigations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also conducted to get a better understanding of the mechanism of this transformation. These studies suggested that 1) a cyclometallated ruthenium complex enabled the transformation, 2) this complex exhibited high efficiency in this transformation compared to the commercially available [RuCl2 (p-cymene)]2 and 3) the mechanism proceeded through a bis-cyclometallated ruthenium intermediate for the carboruthenation step.
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5
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Cp
X
Co (III)‐catalyzed selective C‐H alkenylation of indoles with ethynylethylene carbonates. Appl Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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C-H bond activation and sequential addition to two different coupling partners: a versatile approach to molecular complexity. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6738-6756. [PMID: 35822540 PMCID: PMC9364435 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00012a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sequential multicomponent C-H bond addition is a powerful approach for the rapid, modular generation of molecular complexity in a single reaction. In this approach, C-H bonds are typically added across π-bonds or π-bond isosteres, followed by subsequent coupling to another type of functionality, thereby forming two σ-bonds in a single reaction sequence. Many sequential C-H bond addition reactions have been developed to date, including additions across both conjugated and isolated π-systems followed by coupling with reactants such as carbonyl compounds, cyanating reagents, aminating reagents, halogenating reagents, oxygenating reagents, and alkylating reagents. These atom-economical reactions transform ubiquitous C-H bonds under mild conditions to more complex structures with a high level of regiochemical and stereochemical control. Surprising connectivities and diverse mechanisms have been elucidated in the development of these reactions. Given the large number of possible combinations of coupling partners, there are enormous opportunities for the discovery of new sequential C-H bond addition reactions.
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7
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Ni-catalyzed hydroarylation of alkynes with unactivated β-C(sp 2)-H bonds. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2938. [PMID: 35618702 PMCID: PMC9135730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroarylation of alkynes with unactivated C(sp2)-H bonds via chelated C-H metalation mainly occurs at γ-position to the coordinating atom of directing groups via stable 5-membered metallacycles, while β-C(sp2)-H bond-involved hydroarylation has been a formidable challenge. Herein, we used a phosphine oxide-ligated Ni-Al bimetallic catalyst to enable β-C-H bond-involved hydroarylations of alkynes via a rare 7-membered nickelacycle.
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8
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Palladium‐Catalyzed N3‐Directed C‐H Halogenation of N9‐Arylpurines and Azapurines. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Hydrogen Evolution Enabled Rhodaelectro-Catalyzed [4+2] Annulations of Purines and 7-Deazapurines with Alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9508-9511. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc03625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rhodium-catalyzed electrochemical regioselective annulation of 6-phenylpurines and 6-phenyl-7-deazapurines with alkynes has been developed. Electricity is used to recycle the active rhodium-based catalyst, promote the evolution of H2 and help...
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10
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Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed ortho Hydroxymethylation of 6-Arylpurines with Paraformaldehyde via Purine-Directed C-H Activation. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-22-14722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Rhodium-Catalyzed Aryl Migratory/Decarbonylation of Diaryl Ketones via the Activation of Unstrained C–C Bonds. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1561-8299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractA Rh-catalyzed aryl migratory/decarbonylation of unstrained ketones has been developed. This viable transformation provides a complementary decarbonylative method using diaryl ketones to afford a variety of alkenylated heterocycles in good yields with moderate to good stereoselectivity and broad substrate scope. The synthetic utility of this protocol is also demonstrated by the conversion of the alkenylated heterocycles to tetrahydrocarbazole derivatives.
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12
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Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Cascade Reactions of Imines/Imidates with 4-Hydroxy-2-alkynoates to Synthesize Regioselective Furanone-Fused Isoquinoline Scaffolds. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17965-17974. [PMID: 34843247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis of furanone-fused isoquinoline heterocycles is developed in a single step using a Rh(III) catalyst. In this reaction, a cascade C-H activation, regioselective annulation, and lactonization occur in one pot. A wide range of alkynoates was examined, which showed good regioselectivity. The regioselectivity was guided by steric bulk at the C4 position of the 4-hydroxy-2-alkynoates. The synthetic utility was exemplified, and the model reaction was scaled up to a 1 g scale.
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13
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Co(III)-catalysed regioselective linear C(8)-H olefination of isoquinolone with terminal aromatic and aliphatic alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:11613-11616. [PMID: 34636826 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04541e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A regioselective C8 linear olefination of isoquinoline-1H-2-one with terminal (aromatic and aliphatic) alkynes is reported under Co(III) catalysis. This is an exclusive report on the C8 functionalization of isoquinolone using non-noble transition metal complexes. Experimental and computational mechanistic studies have also been performed to depict the reaction pathway.
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14
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C-H bond functionalization by high-valent cobalt catalysis: current progress, challenges and future perspectives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:10827-10841. [PMID: 34570134 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc04382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, high-valent cobalt catalysis has earned a place in the spotlight as a valuable tool for C-H activation and functionalization. Since the discovery of its unique reactivity, more and more attention has been directed towards the utilization of cobalt as an alternative to noble metal catalysts. In particular, Cp*Co(III) complexes, as well as simple Co(II) and Co(III) salts in combination with bidentate chelation assistance, have been extensively used for the development of novel transformations. In this review, we have demonstrated the existing trends in the C-H functionalization methodology using high-valent cobalt catalysis and highlighted the main challenges to overcome, as well as perspective directions, which need to be further developed in the future.
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15
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Temperature‐Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes and Pyrrolo[1,2‐
a
]indole Derivatives via Iridium Catalysis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Abstract
An efficient protocol for the synthesis of biologically essential pyrroloquinolinones has been developed under Cp*CoIII catalysis, which involves a cascade reaction of C(7)-H alkenylation with alkynes followed by nucleophilic addition. A wide variety of internal alkynes including enyne, diyne, and ynamide and more challenging terminal alkynes were successfully employed for the annulation in good to excellent yield with high regioselectivity.
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17
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Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Regioselective C6 Olefination of 2-Pyridones Using Alkynes: Olefination/Directing Group Migration and Olefination. Org Lett 2021; 23:4624-4629. [PMID: 34106716 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c01368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Co(III)-catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective direct C6 olefination of 2-pyridones with alkynes has been developed with the assistance of chelation. Upon variation of the reaction conditions, 2-pyridones react well with diaryl alkynes via a C6 olefination/directing group migration pathway to give the tetrasubstituted 6-vinyl-2-pyridones, but the C6-H olefination with terminal alkynes works effectively to afford only the C6-olefinated 2-pyridones. A judicious choice of a solvent and an additive is crucial for catalysis. The protocols feature 100% atom economy, excellent site selectivity, high stereoselectivity, an ample substrate scope, and good compatibility of functional groups. Synthetic applications are demonstrated, and experimental studies and density functional theory calculations are conducted to gain mechanistic insight into the two transformations.
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18
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An entry to 2-(cyclobut-1-en-1-yl)-1 H-indoles through a cyclobutenylation/deprotection cascade. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4048-4053. [PMID: 33885127 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A transition-metal-free strategy for the synthesis of 2-(cyclobut-1-en-1-yl)-1H-indoles under mild conditions is described herein. A series of substituted 2-(cyclobut-1-en-1-yl)-1H-indoles are accessed by a one-pot cyclobutenylation/deprotection cascade from N-Boc protected indoles. Preliminary experimental and density functional theory calculations suggest that a Boc-group transfer is involved in the underlying mechanism.
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19
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Additive-Controlled Divergent Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 1,3-Enynes and Alkynylated 3H-Pyrrolo[1,2-a]indol-3-ones via Rhodium Catalysis. Org Lett 2021; 23:727-733. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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20
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Cobalt(ii)-catalyzed hydroarylation of 1,3-diynes and internal alkynes with picolinamides promoted by alcohol. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:14231-14234. [PMID: 33118558 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05616b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Co(ii)-catalyzed selective C-H alkenylation of picolinamides with 1,3-diynes has been developed. This protocol can be applied to a variety of 1,3-diynes. In addition, both symmetrical and unsymmetrical internal alkynes were well tolerated, affording the corresponding alkenyl arenes. Moreover, control experiments indicated that C-H bond cleavage may be involved in the rate-determining step. Furthermore, a deuterium incorporation product was achieved when deuterated alcohol was employed as the solvent, which suggested that alcohol was essential for the final protonolysis.
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21
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Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C–H Alkenylation/Directing Group Migration for the Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes. Org Lett 2020; 22:9163-9168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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22
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23
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Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C-H Hydroarylation of Alkynes and Alkenes and Beyond: A Versatile Synthetic Tool. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:24974-24993. [PMID: 33043175 PMCID: PMC7542607 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c03639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of earth-abundant first-row transition metals, such as cobalt, in C-H activation reactions for the construction and functionalization of a wide variety of structures has become a central topic in synthetic chemistry over the last few years. In this context, the emergence of cobalt catalysts bearing pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ligands (Cp*) has had a major impact on the development of synthetic methodologies. Cp*Co(III) complexes have been proven to possess unique reactivity compared, for example, to their Rh(III) counterparts, obtaining improved chemo- or regioselectivities, as well as yielding new reactivities. This perspective is focused on recent advances on the alkylation and alkenylation reactions of (hetero)arenes with alkenes and alkynes under Cp*Co(III) catalysis.
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24
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Ruthenium Catalyzed
ortho
C–H Alkenylation of β‐Carbolines and Isoquinolines Using Terminal Alkynes for the Extended π‐Systems and their Biological Evaluation. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Abstract
An asymmetric hydroarylative cyclization of enynes involving a C-H bond cleavage is reported. The cobalt-catalyzed cascade generates three new bonds in an atom-economical fashion. The products were obtained in excellent yields and excellent enantioselectivities as single diastereo- and regioisomers. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction shows no intermolecular C-H crossover. This work highlights the potential of cobalt catalysis in C-H bond functionalization and enantioselective domino reactivity.
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26
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Iridium-catalyzed, ligand-controlled directed alkynylation and alkenylation of arenes with terminal alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:1298-1301. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08735d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report iridium-catalyzed C–C formation between benzamides and terminal alkynes.
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27
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Hydride–Rhodium(III)-N-Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyst for Tandem Alkylation/Alkenylation via C–H Activation. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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28
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Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Carboamination of Propiolates and Bicyclic Alkenes via Non-Annulative Redox-Neutral Coupling. Org Lett 2019; 21:5884-5888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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29
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Rh(III)‐Catalyzed Distal C‐H Alkenylation of Weakly Coordinating Acetamides Via Desilylation Pathway. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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30
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31
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Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed Direct ortho
-Alkenylation of Arylpyrazoles: A Comparative Study on Decarboxylation and Desilylation. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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34
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Group 9 [Cp*MIII] complex-catalyzed C–H olefination of arenes in water at room temperature: a study on the catalytic activity. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01407h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report our discovery of group 9 [Cp*MIII] complexes catalyzing the olefination of arenes in water at ambient temperature.
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35
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ReI-Catalyzed highly regio- and stereoselective C–H addition to terminal and internal alkynes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo01068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Re(i)-Catalyzed ortho alkenylation of arylpyridines and N-pyrimidyl indoles with alkynes provides excellent regio- and stereoselectivity with lower catalytic loadings.
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36
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Nickel-Catalyzed Straightforward and Regioselective C–H Alkenylation of Indoles with Alkenyl Bromides: Scope and Mechanistic Aspect. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Abstract
C-H activation has surfaced as an increasingly powerful tool for molecular sciences, with notable applications to material sciences, crop protection, drug discovery, and pharmaceutical industries, among others. Despite major advances, the vast majority of these C-H functionalizations required precious 4d or 5d transition metal catalysts. Given the cost-effective and sustainable nature of earth-abundant first row transition metals, the development of less toxic, inexpensive 3d metal catalysts for C-H activation has gained considerable recent momentum as a significantly more environmentally-benign and economically-attractive alternative. Herein, we provide a comprehensive overview on first row transition metal catalysts for C-H activation until summer 2018.
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Hydroarylations by cobalt-catalyzed C-H activation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2266-2288. [PMID: 30202481 PMCID: PMC6122362 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As an earth-abundant first-row transition metal, cobalt catalysts offer a broad range of economical methods for organic transformations via C–H activation. One of the transformations is the addition of C–H to C–X multiple bonds to afford alkylation, alkenation, amidation, and cyclization products using low- or high-valent cobalt catalysts. This hydroarylation is an efficient approach to build new C–C bonds in a 100% atom-economical manner. In this review, the recent developments of Co-catalyzed hydroarylation reactions and their mechanistic studies are summarized.
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A comprehensive overview of directing groups applied in metal-catalysed C-H functionalisation chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:6603-6743. [PMID: 30033454 PMCID: PMC6113863 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1077] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present review is devoted to summarizing the recent advances (2015-2017) in the field of metal-catalysed group-directed C-H functionalisation. In order to clearly showcase the molecular diversity that can now be accessed by means of directed C-H functionalisation, the whole is organized following the directing groups installed on a substrate. Its aim is to be a comprehensive reference work, where a specific directing group can be easily found, together with the transformations which have been carried out with it. Hence, the primary format of this review is schemes accompanied with a concise explanatory text, in which the directing groups are ordered in sections according to their chemical structure. The schemes feature typical substrates used, the products obtained as well as the required reaction conditions. Importantly, each example is commented on with respect to the most important positive features and drawbacks, on aspects such as selectivity, substrate scope, reaction conditions, directing group removal, and greenness. The targeted readership are both experts in the field of C-H functionalisation chemistry (to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress made in the last years) and, even more so, all organic chemists who want to introduce the C-H functionalisation way of thinking for a design of straightforward, efficient and step-economic synthetic routes towards molecules of interest to them. Accordingly, this review should be of particular interest also for scientists from industrial R&D sector. Hence, the overall goal of this review is to promote the application of C-H functionalisation reactions outside the research groups dedicated to method development and establishing it as a valuable reaction archetype in contemporary R&D, comparable to the role cross-coupling reactions play to date.
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40
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Cobalt(III)-Catalyzed C−H Activation: Counter Anion Triggered Desilylative Direct ortho-
Vinylation of Secondary Benzamides. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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41
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Cp*Co(CO)I2 as Catalyst for Ortho-C,H Activation at Ferrocene: ODG-Dependent Preference for 2-Mono- or 2,5-Dialkenylation. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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42
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Ruthenium-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkenylation/Tandem Hydroamidative Cyclization of Unmasked Quinazolinones Using Terminal Alkynes. J Org Chem 2018; 83:8906-8913. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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43
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Synthesis of Terminal Vinylindoles via RhIII
-Catalyzed Direct C−H Alkenylation with Potassium Vinyltrifluoroborate. Chemistry 2018; 24:5469-5473. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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44
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Abstract
Significant progress has been accomplished in directed C-H functionalization through the use of earth-abundant and inexpensive first-row transition metals. Among these base metals, Co is especially attractive in view of its versatile applications in C-H functionalization, in both low- and high-valent states. In this vein, catalytic Co(iii) species can be generated from the dissociation of a Cp*Co(iii) catalyst or through the oxidation of a low-valent cobalt catalyst in the presence of an oxidant. In this feature article, we will discuss the breakthroughs in Cp*Co(iii)-promoted C-H functionalization. In this field, C(sp2)-H functionalization has been extensively studied and developed. In contrast, few C(sp3)-H functionalization reactions have been reported.
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45
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Cobalt(III)−Catalyzed C−H Activation: A Secondary Amide Directed Decarboxylative Functionalization of Alkynyl Carboxylic Acids Wherein Amide NH-group Remains Unreactive. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Substrate-Directed C-H Functionalization of 2-Aryl Pyridines by Transition Metal Complexes. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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47
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Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed CF3-carbenoid C–H functionalization of 6-arylpurines. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:2966-2974. [PMID: 29623337 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00645h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
An expedient route to access a new family of fluorine-containing purine derivatives via chelation-controlled rhodium(iii)-catalyzed carbenoid C–H functionalization has been developed.
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48
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Regioselective C–H and N–H functionalization of purine derivatives and analogues: a synthetic and mechanistic perspective. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy01860j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This perspective provides a systematic and concise overview of the recent development in C–H/N–H bond functionalization in purine derivatives and analogues.
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Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing 6-Arylpurine Derivatives via Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C–H Bond Activation. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2018; 66:51-54. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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50
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Hydroxoiridium-Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Alkynes and Bicycloalkenes with N-Sulfonylbenzamides. Org Lett 2017; 19:5952-5955. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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