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Bogatyrenko SI, Kryshtal AP, Kruk A. Effect of Size on the Formation of Solid Solutions in Ag-Cu Nanoparticles. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:2569-2580. [PMID: 36818666 PMCID: PMC9931174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c07132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Modern technologies stimulate the quest for multicomponent nanosized materials with improved properties, which are ultimately defined by the atomic arrangement and interphase interactions in the nanomaterial. Here, we present the results of the experimental study of the formation of solid solutions in Ag-Cu nanoparticles in a wide size and temperature range using in situ TEM techniques. The Ag-Cu nanoparticles with a eutectic ratio of components were formed on an amorphous carbon film by the physical vapor deposition technique. Electron diffraction, HAADF-STEM imaging, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, chemical element mapping, and electron energy loss spectral imaging were used for the characterization of mixing patterns and composition of phases in AgCu nanoparticles down to the atomic level. As a result, we constructed the solid-state part of the Ag-Cu phase diagram for nanoparticles with a size down to 5 nm. We found a highly asymmetric behavior of the solvus lines. Thus, the content of Cu in Ag gradually increased with a size reduction and reached the ultimate value for our configuration of 27 wt % Cu at a nanoparticle size below ∼8 nm. At the same time, no Cu-rich solid solution was found in two-phase AgCu nanoparticles, irrespective of the size and temperature. Moreover, a quasi-homogeneous solid solution was revealed in AgCu nanoparticles with a size smaller than 8 nm already at room temperature. A size dependence of the terminal temperature T term, which limits the existence of AgCu alloy nanoparticles in a vacuum, was constructed. Evaporation of the AgCu phase with the composition of 86 wt % Ag was observed at temperatures above T term. We show the crucial role of the mutual solubility of components on the type of atomic mixing pattern in AgCu nanoparticles. A gradual transition from a Janus-like to a homogeneous mixing pattern was observed in Ag-Cu nanoparticles (28 wt % Cu) with a decrease in their size.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleksandr P. Kryshtal
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, KrakówPL-30 059, Poland
| | - Adam Kruk
- AGH
University of Science and Technology, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, KrakówPL-30 059, Poland
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Wang H, Zhou X, Yu T, Lu X, Qian L, Liu P, Lei P. Surface restructuring in AgCu single-atom alloy catalyst and self-enhanced selectivity toward CO2 reduction. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kim HG, Lee J, Makov G. Phase Diagram of Binary Alloy Nanoparticles under High Pressure. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14112929. [PMID: 34072298 PMCID: PMC8199147 DOI: 10.3390/ma14112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) is a useful tool to construct phase diagrams of various materials under different thermodynamic conditions. Researchers have extended the use of the CALPHAD method to nanophase diagrams and pressure phase diagrams. In this study, the phase diagram of an arbitrary A–B nanoparticle system under pressure was investigated. The effects of the interaction parameter and excess volume were investigated with increasing pressure. The eutectic temperature was found to decrease in most cases, except when the interaction parameter in the liquid was zero and that in the solid was positive, while the excess volume parameter of the liquid was positive. Under these conditions, the eutectic temperature increased with increasing pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gyeol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
| | - Joonho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Guy Makov
- Department of Materials Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (G.M.)
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A coherent set of model equations for various surface and interface energies in systems with liquid and solid metals and alloys. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 283:102212. [PMID: 32781298 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this paper first a generally valid model is derived from the two fundamental equations of Gibbs for temperature and composition dependences of all types of interfacial energies. This general model is applied here to develop a coherent set of particular model equations for surface tension of liquid metals and alloys, for surface energy of solid metals and alloys, for high-angle grain boundary energy in metals and alloys, for solid/liquid interfacial energy in metals and alloys, for liquid/liquid interfacial energy in alloys and for solid/solid interfacial energy in metals and alloys. The latter case is sub-divided into models on coherent, incoherent and semi-coherent interfaces with the same phases and with different phases on the two sides of the interface. Model parameters are given here as an example for the 111 plane of fcc metals and alloys. For other crystal planes or other crystal structures the model parameters should be adjusted, while the model equations remain the same. The method is demonstrated on various surface and interfacial energies of pure Au, on solid/liquid interfacial energy in the AlCu system, on different types of solid/solid interfacial energies in the AuNi system, on solid/solid, solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interfacial energies in the AlPb system and on the coherent, incoherent and semi-coherent interfacial energies between ordered and disordered fcc phases in the Ni-rich part of the NiAl system. The ability of this method is demonstrated to predict surface and interface transition along free surfaces and grain boundaries and also negative interfacial energies in nano-systems.
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Dean J, Cowan MJ, Estes J, Ramadan M, Mpourmpakis G. Rapid Prediction of Bimetallic Mixing Behavior at the Nanoscale. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8171-8180. [PMID: 32515581 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nanoparticle (NP) design space allows for variations in size, shape, composition, and chemical ordering. In the search for low-energy structures, this results in an extremely large search space which cannot be screened by brute force methods. In this work, we develop a genetic algorithm to predict stable bimetallic NPs of any size, shape, and metal composition. Our method predicts nanostructures in agreement with experimental trends and it captures the detailed chemical ordering of an experimental 23,196-atom FePt NP with nearly atom-by-atom accuracy. Our developed screening process is extremely fast, allowing us to generate and analyze a database of 5454 low-energy bimetallic NPs. By identifying thermodynamically stable NPs, we rationalize bimetallic mixing at the nanoscale and reveal metal-, size-, and temperature-dependent mixing behavior. Importantly, our method is applicable to any bimetallic NP size, bridging the materials gap in nanoscale simulations, and guides experimentation in the lab by elucidating stability, mixing, and detailed chemical ordering behavior of bimetallic NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dean
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Michael J Cowan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Jonathan Estes
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Mahmoud Ramadan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Giannis Mpourmpakis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
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Vykoukal V, Halasta V, Babiak M, Bursik J, Pinkas J. Morphology Control in AgCu Nanoalloy Synthesis by Molecular Cu(I) Precursors. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:15246-15254. [PMID: 31651156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As nanoparticle preparation methods employing bottom-up procedures rely on the use of molecular precursors, the chemical composition and bonding of these precursors have a decisive effect on nanoparticle formation and their resulting morphology and properties. We synthesized the Cu(I) complexes [Cu(PPh3)2(bea)] (1, bea = benzoate) and [Cu(PPh3)3(Hphta)] (2, phta = phthalate) by reducing the corresponding Cu(II) mono- and dicarboxylates with triphenylphosphine. We characterized 1 and 2 by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analyses, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry and obtained complete information about their structures in the solid state and in solution. Also, we examined their thermal stability in oleylamine and determined their decomposition temperatures to be used as the minimal reaction temperature in metal nanoparticle synthesis. The complexes 1 and 2 differ in the number of reducing PPh3 ligands and the strength of carboxylate bonding to the Cu(I) center. Therefore, we employed them in combination with [Ag(NH2C12H25)2]NO3 as molecular precursors in the solvothermal hot injection synthesis of AgCu nanoalloys in oleylamine and demonstrated their influence on the elemental distribution, phase composition, particle size distribution, shape, morphology, and optical properties of the resulting nanoparticles. The nanoalloy particles from the benzoate complex 1 were oblate and polydisperse and exhibited two surface plasmons at 393 and 569 nm, which is caused by their Janus-type structure. The nanoparticles prepared from the phthalate complex 2 were round and monodisperse and exhibited one plasmon at 413 nm, as they formed an AgCu solid solution with a random distribution of the elements in a particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vit Vykoukal
- Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Kotlarska 2 , 611 37 Brno , Czech Republic.,Masaryk University , CEITEC MU , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Halasta
- Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Kotlarska 2 , 611 37 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Babiak
- Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Kotlarska 2 , 611 37 Brno , Czech Republic.,Masaryk University , CEITEC MU , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bursik
- Institute of Physics of Materials , ASCR , Zizkova 22 , 616 62 Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Pinkas
- Masaryk University , Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry , Kotlarska 2 , 611 37 Brno , Czech Republic.,Masaryk University , CEITEC MU , Kamenice 5 , 625 00 Brno , Czech Republic
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Kaptay G. A new paradigm on the chemical potentials of components in multi-component nano-phases within multi-phase systems. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra07911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new paradigm is offered claiming that the thermodynamic nano-effect in multi-component and multiphase systems is proportional to the increased surface areas of the phases and not to their increased curvatures (as the Kelvin paradigm claims).
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Affiliation(s)
- George Kaptay
- University of Miskolc
- Department of Nanotechnology
- Miskolc
- 3525 Hungary
- MTA-ME Materials Science Research Group
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Bochicchio D, Ferrando R, Panizon E, Rossi G. Structures and segregation patterns of Ag-Cu and Ag-Ni nanoalloys adsorbed on MgO(0 0 1). JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:064005. [PMID: 26795034 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/6/064005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy geometric structures and segregation patterns of Ag-Cu and Ag-Ni nanoparticles adsorbed on MgO(0 0 1) are searched for by global optimisation methods within an atomistic potential model. Sizes betwen 100 and 300 atoms are considered for several compositions. In all cases, Ag segregates to the nanoparticle surface, so that Cu@Ag and Ni@Ag core-shell arrangements are found, with off-centre cores for Ag-rich compositions. The behaviours of Ag-Cu and Ag-Ni differ at the interface with the MgO substrate. For Ag-Cu, some Cu atoms are at the interface even for compositions that are very rich in Ag, where Ag-Ni nanoparticles present an interface completely made of Ag atoms. Ag-Ni and Ag-Cu also differ concerning their geometric structures. With increasing Ag content, in Ag-Cu we find the structural sequence faulted fcc [Formula: see text] icosahedral [Formula: see text] fcc, while in Ag-Ni we find the sequence hcp [Formula: see text] faulted fcc-faulted hcp [Formula: see text] icosahedral [Formula: see text] fcc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bochicchio
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genoa, Italy
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