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Mosquera-Lois I, Kavanagh SR, Klarbring J, Tolborg K, Walsh A. Imperfections are not 0 K: free energy of point defects in crystals. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:5812-5826. [PMID: 37565783 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Defects determine many important properties and applications of materials, ranging from doping in semiconductors, to conductivity in mixed ionic-electronic conductors used in batteries, to active sites in catalysts. The theoretical description of defect formation in crystals has evolved substantially over the past century. Advances in supercomputing hardware, and the integration of new computational techniques such as machine learning, provide an opportunity to model longer length and time-scales than previously possible. In this Tutorial Review, we cover the description of free energies for defect formation at finite temperatures, including configurational (structural, electronic, spin) and vibrational terms. We discuss challenges in accounting for metastable defect configurations, progress such as machine learning force fields and thermodynamic integration to directly access entropic contributions, and bottlenecks in going beyond the dilute limit of defect formation. Such developments are necessary to support a new era of accurate defect predictions in computational materials chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irea Mosquera-Lois
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Seán R Kavanagh
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Johan Klarbring
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Kasper Tolborg
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- I-X, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Aron Walsh
- Thomas Young Centre & Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
- Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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2
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Rafipoor M, Tornatzky H, Dupont D, Maultzsch J, Tessier MD, Hens Z, Lange H. Strain in InP/ZnSe, S core/shell quantum dots from lattice mismatch and shell thickness—Material stiffness influence. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:154704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5124674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Rafipoor
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans Tornatzky
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dorian Dupont
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Institut für Physik der Kondensierten Materie, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mickael D. Tessier
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zeger Hens
- Physics and Chemistry of Nanostructures, Department of Chemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Holger Lange
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Andrade-Arvizu J, Izquierdo-Roca V, Becerril-Romero I, Vidal-Fuentes P, Fonoll-Rubio R, Sánchez Y, Placidi M, Calvo-Barrio L, Vigil-Galán O, Saucedo E. Is It Possible To Develop Complex S-Se Graded Band Gap Profiles in Kesterite-Based Solar Cells? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:32945-32956. [PMID: 31426633 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the development of a novel chalcogenization process for the fabrication of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe or kesterite)-based solar cells that enable the generation of sharp graded anionic compositional profiles with high S content at the top and low S content at the bottom. This is achieved through the optimization of the annealing parameters including the study of several sulfur sources with different predicted reactivities (elemental S, thiourea, SnS, and SeS2). As a result, depending on the sulfur source employed, devices with superficially localized maximum sulfur content between 50 and 20% within the charge depletion zone and between 10 and 30% toward the bulk material are obtained. This complex graded structure is confirmed and characterized by combining multiwavelength depth-resolved Raman spectroscopy measurements together with in-depth Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence. In addition, the devices fabricated with such graded band gap absorbers are shown to be fully functional with conversion efficiencies around 9% and with improved VOC deficit values that correlate with the presence of a gradient. These results represent one step forward toward anionic band gap grading in kesterite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Andrade-Arvizu
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Víctor Izquierdo-Roca
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Ignacio Becerril-Romero
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Pedro Vidal-Fuentes
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Robert Fonoll-Rubio
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Yudania Sánchez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Marcel Placidi
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Lorenzo Calvo-Barrio
- IN2UB, Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica , Universitat de Barcelona , c. Martí i Franquès 1 , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics (CCiTUB) i Departament d'Enginyeria Electrònica i Biomèdica de la Universitat de Barcelona , C/ Lluis Solé i Sabaris , 08028 Barcelona , Spain
| | - Osvaldo Vigil-Galán
- Escuela Superior de Física y Matemáticas-Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN) , 07738 Ciudad de México , México
| | - Edgardo Saucedo
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC) , Jardins de les Dones de Negre 1 , 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs , Barcelona , Spain
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4
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Mandal SK, Karmakar D, Ghosal S, Paul S, Jana D. Visible LED‐Assisted Effective Charge Separation in Ruthenium‐Doped ZnS System for Efficient Photodegradation of Organic Dye. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy K. Mandal
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road Kolkata- 700009 India
| | - Devdas Karmakar
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road Kolkata- 700009 India
| | - Supriya Ghosal
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road Kolkata- 700009 India
| | - Sumana Paul
- School of Materials SciencesIndian Association for the Cultivation of Science, 188 Raja S.C. Mallick Road Kolkata- 700032 India
| | - Debnarayan Jana
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Calcutta, 92, A.P.C. Road Kolkata- 700009 India
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5
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Dimitrievska M, Boero F, Litvinchuk AP, Delsante S, Borzone G, Perez-Rodriguez A, Izquierdo-Roca V. Structural Polymorphism in “Kesterite” Cu2ZnSnS4: Raman Spectroscopy and First-Principles Calculations Analysis. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:3467-3474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b03008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Dimitrievska
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- NIST
Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899-6102, United States
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federica Boero
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexander P. Litvinchuk
- Texas
Center for Superconductivity and Department of Physics, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-5002, United States
| | - Simona Delsante
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriella Borzone
- Department
of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa, Via Dodecaneso
31, 16146, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Perez-Rodriguez
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- IN2UB, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Victor Izquierdo-Roca
- Catalonia
Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Jardins de les Dones de Negre, 1, 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Pistor P, Ruiz A, Cabot A, Izquierdo-Roca V. Advanced Raman Spectroscopy of Methylammonium Lead Iodide: Development of a Non-destructive Characterisation Methodology. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35973. [PMID: 27786250 PMCID: PMC5081518 DOI: 10.1038/srep35973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an impressively fast technological progress in the development of highly efficient lead halide perovskite solar cells. However, the stability of perovskite films and respective solar cells is still an open point of concern and calls for advanced characterization methods. In this work, we identify appropriate measurement conditions for a meaningful analysis of spin-coated absorber-grade perovskite thin films based on methylammonium (MA) lead iodide (MAPbI3) by Raman spectroscopy. The material under investigation and its derivates is the most commonly used for high efficiency devices in the literatures and has yielded working solar cell devices with efficiencies around 10% in our laboratory. We report highly detailed Raman spectra obtained with excitation at 532 nm and 633 nm and their deconvolution taking advantage of the simultaneous fitting of spectra obtained with varying excitation wavelengths. Finally, we propose a fast and contactless methodology based on Raman to probe composition variations and/or degradation of these perovskite thin films and discuss the potential of the presented technique as quality control and degradation monitoring tool in other organic-inorganic perovskite materials and complete solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Pistor
- IREC - Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruiz
- IREC - Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Spain
| | - Andreu Cabot
- IREC - Catalonia Institute for Energy Research, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Spain
- ICREA - Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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7
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Dimitrievska M, Fairbrother A, Gunder R, Gurieva G, Xie H, Saucedo E, Pérez-Rodríguez A, Izquierdo-Roca V, Schorr S. Role of S and Se atoms on the microstructural properties of kesterite Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1−x)4 thin film solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:8692-700. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp07577g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction of kesterite shows a strong dependence of microstructural properties (domain size, microstrain) on the anion composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Fairbrother
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs
- Spain
| | - Rene Gunder
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy
- Department Crystallography
- 14109 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Galina Gurieva
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy
- Department Crystallography
- 14109 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Haibing Xie
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs
- Spain
| | - Edgardo Saucedo
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs
- Spain
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Rodríguez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- 08930 Sant Adrià de Besòs
- Spain
- IN2UB
- University of Barcelona
| | | | - Susan Schorr
- Helmholtz Centre Berlin for Materials and Energy
- Department Crystallography
- 14109 Berlin
- Germany
- Freie Universität Berlin
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8
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Guc M, Neuschitzer M, Hariskos D, Bauer A, Witte W, Hempel W, Calvo-Barrio L, Pistor P, Perez-Rodriguez A, Izquierdo-Roca V. Raman scattering quantitative assessment of the anion composition ratio in Zn(O,S) layers for Cd-free chalcogenide-based solar cells. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra26261e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work reports the use of Raman scattering for the chemical characterization of Zn(O,S) layers that are being developed as a Cd-free alternative for the buffer layer in advanced chalcogenide solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Guc
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - M. Neuschitzer
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - D. Hariskos
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW)
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - A. Bauer
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW)
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - W. Witte
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW)
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - W. Hempel
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie-und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (ZSW)
- Stuttgart
- Germany
| | - L. Calvo-Barrio
- Centres Científics i Tecnològics CCiTUB
- Universitat de Barcelona
- 08028 Barcelona
- Spain
| | - P. Pistor
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - A. Perez-Rodriguez
- Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC)
- Barcelona
- Spain
- IN2UB
- Departament d'Electrònica
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