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Kumar Sahu A, Yadav S, Banerjee D, Rufford TE, Upadhyayula S. Accelerating Charge Separation and CO 2 Photoreduction in Aqueous Phase under Visible Light with Ru Nanoparticles Loaded on Ga-Doped NiTiO 3 in a Batch Photoreactor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7057-7069. [PMID: 38308562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Titanate perovskite (ATiO3) semiconductors show prospects of being active photocatalysts in the conversion of CO2 to chemical fuels such as methanol (CH3OH) in the aqueous phase. Some of the challenges in using ATiO3 are limited light-harvesting capability, rapid bulk charge recombination, and the low density of catalytic sites participating in CO2 reduction. To address these challenges, Ga-doped NiTiO3 (GNTO) photocatalysts in which Ga ions substitute for Ti ions in the crystal lattice to form electron trap states and oxygen vacancies have been synthesized in this work. The synthesized GNTO was then loaded with Ru nanoparticles to accelerate charge separation and enable excellent CO2 photoreduction activity under visible light. CO2 photoreduction was conducted in a batch photoreactor charged with a 0.1 M NaHCO3 aqueous solution at room temperature and a 3.5 bar pressure using a 1.0 wt % Ru-GNTO photocatalyst to yield methanol at a rate of 84.45 μmol g-1 h-1. A small amount of methane was produced as a side product at 21.35 μmol g-1 h-1, which is also a fuel molecule. We attribute this high catalytic activity toward CO2 photoreduction to a synergistic combination of our novel heterostructured 1.0 wt % Ru-GNTO photocatalyst and the implementation of a pressurized photoreactor. This work demonstrates an effective strategy for metal doping with active nanospecies functionality to improve the performance of ATiO3 photocatalysts in valorizing CO2 to solar fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloka Kumar Sahu
- The University of Queensland─IIT Delhi Academy of Research (UQIDAR), Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sushant Yadav
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Debarun Banerjee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
| | - Thomas E Rufford
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, St Lucia, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Green Electrochemical Transformation of Carbon Dioxide, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Sreedevi Upadhyayula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas 110016, New Delhi, India
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Research Progress of Co-Catalysts in Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: A Review of Developments, Opportunities, and Directions. Processes (Basel) 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11030867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of the global economy, large amounts of fossil fuels are being burned, causing a severe energy crisis and climate change. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction is a clean and environmentally friendly method to convert CO2 into hydrocarbon fuel, providing a feasible solution to the global energy crisis and climate problems. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction has three key steps: solar energy absorption, electron transfer, and CO2 catalytic reduction. The previous literature has obtained many significant results around the first two steps, while in the third step, there are few results due to the need to add a co-catalyst. In general, the co-catalysts have three essential roles: (1) promoting the separation of photoexcited electron–hole pairs, (2) inhibiting side reactions, and (3) improving the selectivity of target products. This paper summarizes different types of photocatalysts for photocatalytic CO2 reduction, the reaction mechanisms are illustrated, and the application prospects are prospected.
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Lu X, Tan JZY, Maroto-Valer MM. Investigation of CO2 Photoreduction in an Annular Fluidized Bed Photoreactor by MP-PIC Simulation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:3123-3136. [PMID: 35431432 PMCID: PMC9007463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction is a promising process
for both mitigating CO2 emissions and providing chemicals
and fuels. A gas–solid two-phase annular fluidized bed photoreactor
(FBPR) would be preferred for this process due to its high mass-transfer
rate and easy operation. However, CO2 photoreduction using
the FBPR has not been widely researched to date. The Lagrangian multiphase
particle-in-cell (MP-PIC) simulation with computational fluid dynamic
models is a new and robust approach to explore the multiphase reaction
system in the gas–solid fluidized bed. Therefore, the purpose
of this paper is to investigate CO2 photoreduction in the
FBPR by MP-PIC modeling to understand the intrinsic mechanism of solid
flow, species mass transfer, and CO2 photoreaction. The
MP-PIC models for solid flow in the FBPR were validated by the bed
expansion height and bubble size. The results showed the particle
stress of the Lun model, the drag of the Ergun-WenYu (Gidaspow) model,
and the coefficient of restitution e = 0.95 with
the wall parameters ew = 0.9 and μw = 0.6 are the best fit to the experimental empirical correlations.
The MP-PIC models developed in this work proved to be better than
the Eulerian two-fluid modeling in the prediction of the bed expansion
height and bubble size. It was also found from the simulation results
that the maximum radiation intensity is in the half reactor height
area, and the photocatalytic reaction mainly occurred around the inner
wall. It showed that the gas velocity and catalyst loading were two
crucial operating parameters to control the process. The results reported
here can provide guidance for the operation and reactor design of
the CO2 photoreduction process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuesong Lu
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - Jeannie Z. Y. Tan
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
| | - M. Mercedes Maroto-Valer
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions (RCCS), School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, U.K
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Conte F, Villa A, Prati L, Pirola C, Bennici S, Ramis G, Rossetti I. Effect of Metal Cocatalysts and Operating Conditions on the Product Distribution and the Productivity of the CO2 Photoreduction. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:2963-2972. [PMID: 35264822 PMCID: PMC8895397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
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The CO2 photoreduction is a promising way to convert
one of the most abundant greenhouse gases to valuable chemicals. The
photoreduction in the liquid phase is limited by the low solubility
of CO2 in water, but this point is overcome here by using
an innovative photoreactor, which allows one to work up to pressures
of 20 bar, improving the overall productivity. The photoreduction
was performed in the presence of Na2SO3 and
using in primis commercial titanium dioxide (P25) and a set of titania
catalysts functionalized by surface deposition of either monometallic
or bimetallic cocatalysts. The gaseous products were hydrogen and
traces of CO, while, in the liquid phase, formic acid/formate, formaldehyde
and methanol were quantitatively detected. The pH was observed to
shift the products distribution. A neutral environment led mainly
to hydrogen and methanol, while, at pH 14, formate was the most abundant
compound. The trend for monometallic cocatalysts showed enhanced productivity
when using noble metals (i.e., gold and platinum). In order to limit
the cost of the catalytic material, bimetallic cocatalysts were explored,
adding titania with Au+Ag or Au+Pt. This may open to the possibility
of performing the reaction with a smaller amount of the most expensive
metals. In the end, we have expressed some conclusions on the cost
of the photocatalysts here employed, to support the overall feasibility
assessment of the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Conte
- Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Villa
- Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Prati
- Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Pirola
- Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bennici
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse (IS2M), Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, F-68100, Mulhouse, France
| | - Gianguido Ramis
- Dip. Ing. Chimica, Civile ed Ambientale, Università degli Studi di Genova and INSTM Unit Genova, via all’Opera Pia 15A, 16145 Genoa, Italy
| | - Ilenia Rossetti
- Dip. Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Djellabi R, Ordonez MF, Conte F, Falletta E, Bianchi CL, Rossetti I. A review of advances in multifunctional XTiO 3 perovskite-type oxides as piezo-photocatalysts for environmental remediation and energy production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126792. [PMID: 34396965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over more than three decades, the field of engineering of photocatalytic materials with unique properties and enhanced performance has received a huge attention. In this regard, different classes of materials were fabricated and used for different photocatalytic applications. Among these materials, recently multifunctional XTiO3 perovskites have drawn outstanding interest towards environmental remediation and energy conversion thanks to their unique structural, optical, physiochemical, electrical and thermal characteristics. XTiO3 perovskites are able to initiate different surface catalytic reactions. Under ultrasonic vibration or heating, XTiO3 perovskites can induce piezo-catalytic reactions due to the titling of their conduction and valence bands, resulting in the formation of separated charge carriers in the medium. In addition, under light irradiation, XTiO3 perovskites are considered as a new class of photocatalysts for environmental and energy related applications. Herein, we addressed the recent advances on variously synthesized, doped and formulated XTiO3 perovskite-type oxides showing piezo- and/or photocatalytic exploitation in environmental remediation and energy conversion. The control of structural crystallite size and phase, conductivity, morphology, oxygen vacancy control, doping agents and ratio has a significant role on the photocatalytic and piezocatalytic activities. The different piezo or/and photocatalytic processes mechanistic pathways towards varying applications were discussed. The current challenges facing these materials and future trends were addressed at the end of the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha Djellabi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Marcela Frias Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Conte
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, INSTM Unit Milano-Università, and CNR-SCITEC, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Ermelinda Falletta
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudia L Bianchi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, and INSTM Unit Milano-Università, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Ilenia Rossetti
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, INSTM Unit Milano-Università, and CNR-SCITEC, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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6
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Wang J, Li Y, Zhao J, Xiong Z, Zhao Y, Zhang J. PtCu alloy cocatalysts for efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into CH 4 with 100% selectivity. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00048b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, PtCu alloys with varying Pt/Cu ratios were deposited onto TiO2 nanocrystals to selectively photoreduce CO2 into CH4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Youzi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiangting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhuo Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yongchun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Lu X, Luo X, Tan JZ, Maroto-Valer MM. Simulation of CO2 photoreduction in a twin reactor by multiphysics models. Chem Eng Res Des 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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9
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Abstract
Hydrogen production has been investigated through the photoreforming of glucose, as model molecule representative for biomass hydrolysis. Different copper- or nickel-loaded titania photocatalysts have been compared. The samples were prepared starting from three titania samples, prepared by precipitation and characterized by pure Anatase with high surface area, or prepared through flame synthesis, i.e., flame pyrolysis and the commercial P25, leading to mixed Rutile and Anatase phases with lower surface area. The metal was added in different loading up to 1 wt % following three procedures that induced different dispersion and reducibility to the catalyst. The highest activity among the bare semiconductors was exhibited by the commercial P25 titania, while the addition of 1 wt % CuO through precipitation with complexes led to the best hydrogen productivity, i.e., 9.7 mol H2/h kgcat. Finally, a basic economic analysis considering only the costs of the catalyst and testing was performed, suggesting CuO promoted samples as promising and almost feasible for this application.
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10
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Photochemical vs. photocatalytic azo-dye removal in a pilot free-surface reactor: Is the catalyst effective? Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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12
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Abstract
Worldwide yearly CO2 emissions reached 36 Gt in 2014, whereas they amounted to ca [...]
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Kreft S, Schoch R, Schneidewind J, Rabeah J, Kondratenko EV, Kondratenko VA, Junge H, Bauer M, Wohlrab S, Beller M. Improving Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Reduction Photocatalysts with Oxygen. Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Bahadori E, Tripodi A, Villa A, Pirola C, Prati L, Ramis G, Dimitratos N, Wang D, Rossetti I. High pressure CO2 photoreduction using Au/TiO2: unravelling the effect of co-catalysts and of titania polymorphs. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00286c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A series of Au/TiO2 based catalysts with low gold loading (0.1–0.5 wt%) were prepared by a modified deposition–precipitation method and their activity was tested for CO2 photoreduction in the liquid phase at high pressure (7 bar).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Bahadori
- Dip. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- INSTM Unit Milano-Università
- and CNR-ISTM
- I-20133 Milano
| | - Antonio Tripodi
- Dip. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- INSTM Unit Milano-Università
- and CNR-ISTM
- I-20133 Milano
| | - Alberto Villa
- Dip. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- INSTM Unit Milano-Università
- and CNR-ISTM
- I-20133 Milano
| | - Carlo Pirola
- Dip. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- INSTM Unit Milano-Università
- and CNR-ISTM
- I-20133 Milano
| | - Laura Prati
- Dip. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- INSTM Unit Milano-Università
- and CNR-ISTM
- I-20133 Milano
| | - Gianguido Ramis
- Dip. di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale
- Università degli Studi di Genova
- and INSTM Unit Genova
- Genoa
- Italy
| | | | - Di Wang
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF)
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
- 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen
- Germany
| | - Ilenia Rossetti
- Dip. Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- INSTM Unit Milano-Università
- and CNR-ISTM
- I-20133 Milano
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15
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Surface Probing by Spectroscopy on Titania-Supported Gold Nanoparticles for a Photoreductive Application. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8120623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The continuous increase in scientific reports concerning photocatalysis and in particular CO2 photoreduction in recent years reveals the high degree of interest around the topic. However, the adsorption and activation mechanisms of CO2 on TiO2, the most used photocatalyst, are poorly understood and investigated. Gold nanoparticles were prepared by a modified deposition-precipitation method using urea and a chemical reductant. Bare P25 was used as reference. Combined spectroscopic investigations of fresh and spent samples with photoactivity studies reported in this article provide new insights to the role of CO2 adsorption and carbonate formation on Au/TiO2 during CO2 photocatalytic reduction. The key intermediates’ and products’ adsorption (CO, methanol, ethanol) was studied, coupled with X-ray photoelectron microscopy (XPS) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The adsorption of CO2 on fresh and spent catalysts changes radically considering the carbonate formation and the gold surface presence. Methanol and ethanol revealed new adsorbed species on Au with respect to bare titania. The characterisation of the spent catalysts revealed the good stability of these samples.
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16
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High Pressure Photoreduction of CO2: Effect of Catalyst Formulation, Hole Scavenger Addition and Operating Conditions. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoreduction of CO2 is an intriguing process which allows the synthesis of fuels and chemicals. One of the limitations for CO2 photoreduction in the liquid phase is its low solubility in water. This point has been here addressed by designing a fully innovative pressurized photoreactor, allowing operation up to 20 bar and applied to improve the productivity of this very challenging process. The photoreduction of CO2 in the liquid phase was performed using commercial TiO2 (Evonink P25), TiO2 obtained by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) and gold doped P25 (0.2 wt% Au-P25) in the presence of Na2SO3 as hole scavenger (HS). The different reaction parameters (catalyst concentration, pH and amount of HS) have been addressed. The products in liquid phase were mainly formic acid and formaldehyde. Moreover, for longer reaction time and with total consumption of HS, gas phase products formed (H2 and CO) after accumulation of significant number of organic compounds in the liquid phase, due to their consecutive photoreforming. Enhanced CO2 solubility in water was achieved by adding a base (pH = 12–14). In basic environment, CO2 formed carbonates which further reduced to formaldehyde and formic acid and consequently formed CO/CO2 + H2 in the gas phase through photoreforming. The deposition of small Au nanoparticles (3–5 nm) (NPs) onto TiO2 was found to quantitatively influence the products distribution and increase the selectivity towards gas phase products. Significant energy storage in form of different products has been achieved with respect to literature results.
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Solar Fuels by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: From Understanding Chemical Bases to Process Development. CHEMENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/chemengineering2030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable yet efficient technologies to store solar light into high energy molecules, such as hydrocarbons and hydrogen, is a pivotal challenge in 21st century society. In the field of photocatalysis, a wide variety of chemical routes can be pursued to obtain solar fuels but the two most promising are carbon dioxide photoreduction and photoreforming of biomass-derived substrates. Despite their great potentialities, these technologies still need to be improved to represent a reliable alternative to traditional fuels, in terms of both catalyst design and photoreactor engineering. This review highlights the chemical fundamentals of different photocatalytic reactions for solar fuels production and provides a mechanistic insight on proposed reaction pathways. Also, possible cutting-edge strategies to obtain solar fuels are reported, focusing on how the chemical bases of the investigated reaction affect experimental choices.
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Ran J, Jaroniec M, Qiao SZ. Cocatalysts in Semiconductor-based Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30. [PMID: 29315885 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Ever-increasing fossil-fuel combustion along with massive CO2 emissions has aroused a global energy crisis and climate change. Photocatalytic CO2 reduction represents a promising strategy for clean, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly conversion of CO2 into hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing solar energy. This strategy combines the reductive half-reaction of CO2 conversion with an oxidative half reaction, e.g., H2 O oxidation, to create a carbon-neutral cycle, presenting a viable solution to global energy and environmental problems. There are three pivotal processes in photocatalytic CO2 conversion: (i) solar-light absorption, (ii) charge separation/migration, and (iii) catalytic CO2 reduction and H2 O oxidation. While significant progress is made in optimizing the first two processes, much less research is conducted toward enhancing the efficiency of the third step, which requires the presence of cocatalysts. In general, cocatalysts play four important roles: (i) boosting charge separation/transfer, (ii) improving the activity and selectivity of CO2 reduction, (iii) enhancing the stability of photocatalysts, and (iv) suppressing side or back reactions. Herein, for the first time, all the developed CO2 -reduction cocatalysts for semiconductor-based photocatalytic CO2 conversion are summarized, and their functions and mechanisms are discussed. Finally, perspectives in this emerging area are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrun Ran
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Mietek Jaroniec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - Shi-Zhang Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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19
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Bahadori E, Compagnoni M, Tripodi A, Freyria F, Armandi M, Bonelli B, Ramis G, Rossetti I. Photoreduction of nitrates from waste and drinking water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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20
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Liquid vs. Gas Phase CO2 Photoreduction Process: Which Is the Effect of the Reaction Medium? ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Zhang H, Kawamura S, Tamba M, Kojima T, Yoshiba M, Izumi Y. Is water more reactive than H2 in photocatalytic CO2 conversion into fuels using semiconductor catalysts under high reaction pressures? J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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22
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Compagnoni M, Ramis G, Freyria FS, Armandi M, Bonelli B, Rossetti I. Innovative photoreactors for unconventional photocatalytic processes: the photoreduction of CO2 and the photo-oxidation of ammonia. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-017-0617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Kawamura S, Zhang H, Tamba M, Kojima T, Miyano M, Yoshida Y, Yoshiba M, Izumi Y. Efficient volcano-type dependence of photocatalytic CO2 conversion into methane using hydrogen at reaction pressures up to 0.80 MPa. J Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2016.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Li K, Peng B, Peng T. Recent Advances in Heterogeneous Photocatalytic CO2 Conversion to Solar Fuels. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b02089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 804] [Impact Index Per Article: 100.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Bosi Peng
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Peng
- College of Chemistry and
Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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