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Musa M, Abid M, Bradshaw TD, Boocock DJ, Coveney C, Argent SP, Woodward S. Probing the Mechanism of Action of Bis(phenolato) Amine (ONO Donor Set) Titanium(IV) Anticancer Agents. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2732-2744. [PMID: 38331433 PMCID: PMC10895680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The need for anticancer therapies that overcome metallodrug resistance while minimizing adverse toxicities is targeted, herein, using titanium coordination complexes. Octahedral titanium(IV) trans,mer-[Ti{R1N(CH2-2-MeO-4-R1-C6H2)2}2] [R1 = Et, allyl, n-Pr, CHO, F, CH2(morpholino), the latter from the formyl derivative; R2 = Me, Et; not all combinations] are attained from Mannich reactions of commercial 2-methoxyphenols (27-74% overall yield, 2 steps). These crystalline (four X-ray structures) Ti(IV)-complexes are active against MCF-7, HCT-116, HT-29, PANC-1, and MDA-MB-468 cancer cell lines (GI50 = 0.5-38 μM). Their activity and cancer selectivity (vs nontumor MRC-5 cells) typically exceeds that of cisplatin (up to 16-fold). Proteomic analysis (in MCF-7) supported by other studies (G2/M cell cycle arrest, ROS generation, γH2AX production, caspase activation, annexin positivity, western blot, and kinase screens in MCF-7 and HCT-116) suggest apoptosis elicited by more than one mechanism of action. Comparison of these data to the modes of action proposed for salan Ti(IV) complexes is made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustapha Musa
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
| | - Mohammed Abid
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Anbar, Anbarshire 31001, Iraq
| | - Tracey D Bradshaw
- BDI, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - David J Boocock
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Clare Coveney
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton, Nottingham NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - Stephen P Argent
- School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, U.K
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2
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Liao J, Zhang Y, Huang M, Liang Z, Gong Y, Liu B, Li Y, Chen J, Wu W, Huang Z, Sun J. Cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes induce immunogenic cell death in HepG2 cells via paraptosis. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106837. [PMID: 37683535 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapy has been shown to provide superior antitumor efficacy by activating the innate immune system to recognize, attack and eliminate tumor cells without seriously harming normal cells. Herein, we designed and synthesized three new cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes (Ir1, Ir2, Ir3) then evaluated their antitumor activity. When co-incubated with HepG2 cells, the complex Ir1 localized in the lysosome, where it induced paraptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). Notably, Ir1 also induced immunogenic cell death (ICD), promoted dendritic cell maturation that enhanced effector T cell chemotaxis to tumor tissues, down-regulated proportions of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells within tumor tissues and triggered activation of antitumor immunity throughout the body. To date, Ir1 is the first reported iridium(III) complex-based paraptosis inducer to successfully induce tumor cell ICD. Furthermore, Ir1 induced ICD of HepG2 cells without affecting cell cycle or reactive oxygen species levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Liao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Minying Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhijun Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yao Gong
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Ben Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Yuling Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zunnan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design of Dongguan City, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China.
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3
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Ardevines S, Auria-Luna F, Romanos E, Fernández-Moreira V, Benedi A, Concepción Gimeno M, Marzo I, Marqués-López E, Herrera RP. 1-Benzamido-1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as anticancer agents: in vitro and in vivo assays. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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4
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Aoki S, Yokoi K, Hisamatsu Y, Balachandran C, Tamura Y, Tanaka T. Post-complexation Functionalization of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Applications to Biomedical and Material Sciences. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2022; 380:36. [PMID: 35948812 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-022-00401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cyclometalated iridium(III) (Ir(III)) complexes exhibit excellent photophysical properties that include large Stokes shift, high emission quantum yields, and microsecond-order emission lifetimes, due to low-lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (spin-forbidden singlet-triplet (3MLCT) transition). As a result, analogs have been applied for research not only in the material sciences, such as the development of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), but also for photocatalysts, bioimaging probes, and anticancer reagents. Although a variety of methods for the synthesis and the applications of functionalized cyclometalated iridium complexes have been reported, functional groups are generally introduced to the ligands prior to the complexation with Ir salts. Therefore, it is difficult to introduce thermally unstable functional groups such as peptides and sugars due to the harsh reaction conditions such as the high temperatures used in the complexation with Ir salts. In this review, the functionalization of Ir complexes after the formation of cyclometalated Ir complexes and their biological and material applications are described. These methods are referred to as "post-complexation functionalization (PCF)." In this review, applications of PCF to the design and synthesis of Ir(III) complexes that exhibit blue -red and white color emissions, luminescence pH probes, luminescent probes of cancer cells, compounds that induce cell death in cancer cells, and luminescent complexes that have long emission lifetimes are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan. .,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Hisamatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Yokoi K, Yamaguchi K, Umezawa M, Tsuchiya K, Aoki S. Induction of Paraptosis by Cyclometalated Iridium Complex-Peptide Hybrids and CGP37157 via a Mitochondrial Ca 2+ Overload Triggered by Membrane Fusion between Mitochondria and the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Biochemistry 2022; 61:639-655. [PMID: 35363482 PMCID: PMC9022229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that a cyclometalated iridium (Ir) complex-peptide hybrid (IPH) 4 functionalized with a cationic KKKGG peptide unit on the 2-phenylpyridine ligand induces paraptosis, a relatively newly found programmed cell death, in cancer cells (Jurkat cells) via the direct transport of calcium (Ca2+) from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. Here, we describe that CGP37157, an inhibitor of a mitochondrial sodium (Na+)/Ca2+ exchanger, induces paraptosis in Jurkat cells via intracellular pathways similar to those induced by 4. The findings allow us to suggest that the induction of paraptosis by 4 and CGP37157 is associated with membrane fusion between mitochondria and the ER, subsequent Ca2+ influx from the ER to mitochondria, and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). On the contrary, celastrol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid that had been reported as a paraptosis inducer in cancer cells, negligibly induces mitochondria-ER membrane fusion. Consequently, we conclude that the paraptosis induced by 4 and CGP37157 (termed paraptosis II herein) proceeds via a signaling pathway different from that of the previously known paraptosis induced by celastrol, a process that negligibly involves membrane fusion between mitochondria and the ER (termed paraptosis I herein).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.,Research Institute for Biomedical Science (RIBS), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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6
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Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex-Cationic Peptide Hybrids Trigger Paraptosis in Cancer Cells via an Intracellular Ca 2+ Overload from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and a Decrease in Mitochondrial Membrane Potential. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227028. [PMID: 34834120 PMCID: PMC8623854 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In our previous paper, we reported that amphiphilic Ir complex–peptide hybrids (IPHs) containing basic peptides such as KK(K)GG (K: lysine, G: glycine) (e.g., ASb-2) exhibited potent anticancer activity against Jurkat cells, with the dead cells showing a strong green emission. Our initial mechanistic studies of this cell death suggest that IPHs would bind to the calcium (Ca2+)–calmodulin (CaM) complex and induce an overload of intracellular Ca2+, resulting in the induction of non-apoptotic programmed cell death. In this work, we conduct a detailed mechanistic study of cell death induced by ASb-2, a typical example of IPHs, and describe how ASb-2 induces paraptotic programmed cell death in a manner similar to that of celastrol, a naturally occurring triterpenoid that is known to function as a paraptosis inducer in cancer cells. It is suggested that ASb-2 (50 µM) induces ER stress and decreases the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), thus triggering intracellular signaling pathways and resulting in cytoplasmic vacuolization in Jurkat cells (which is a typical phenomenon of paraptosis), while the change in ΔΨm values is negligibly induced by celastrol and curcumin. Other experimental data imply that both ASb-2 and celastrol induce paraptotic cell death in Jurkat cells, but this induction occurs via different signaling pathways.
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7
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Haribabu J, Tamura Y, Yokoi K, Balachandran C, Umezawa M, Tsuchiya K, Yamada Y, Karvembu R, Aoki S. Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Bis‐ and Mono(cationic peptide) Hybrids of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes: Effect of the Number of Peptide Units on Anticancer Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jebiti Haribabu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yuichi Tamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda 278-8510 Japan
| | - Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda 278-8510 Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda 278-8510 Japan
- Research Institute of Biomedical Science Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Yamada
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8602 Japan
- JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
| | - Ramasamy Karvembu
- Department of Chemistry National Institute of Technology Tiruchirappalli 620015 India
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda 278-8510 Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan
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8
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Yokoi K, Balachandran C, Umezawa M, Tsuchiya K, Mitrić A, Aoki S. Amphiphilic Cationic Triscyclometalated Iridium(III) Complex-Peptide Hybrids Induce Paraptosis-like Cell Death of Cancer Cells via an Intracellular Ca 2+-Dependent Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6983-7001. [PMID: 32258934 PMCID: PMC7114882 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and synthesis of a green-emitting iridium complex-peptide hybrid (IPH) 4, which has an electron-donating hydroxyacetic acid (glycolic acid) moiety between the Ir core and the peptide part. It was found that 4 is selectively cytotoxic against cancer cells, and the dead cells showed a green emission. Mechanistic studies of cell death indicate that 4 induces a paraptosis-like cell death through the increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ concentrations via direct Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria, the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), and the vacuolization of cytoplasm and intracellular organelle. Although typical paraptosis and/or autophagy markers were upregulated by 4 through the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, as confirmed by Western blot analysis, autophagy is not the main pathway in 4-induced cell death. The degradation of actin, which consists of a cytoskeleton, is also induced by high concentrations of Ca2+, as evidenced by costaining experiments using a specific probe. These results will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yokoi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Chandrasekar Balachandran
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Masakazu Umezawa
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuchiya
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Aleksandra Mitrić
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 4 Karnegijeva Street, Belgrade 11000, Serbia
| | - Shin Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Research Institute for Science and Technology (RIST), Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki,
Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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9
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Abid M, Nouch R, Bradshaw TD, Lewis W, Woodward S. Tripodal O-N-O Bis
-Phenolato Amine Titanium(IV) Complexes Show High in vitro Anti-Cancer Activity. Eur J Inorg Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201900510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Abid
- Department of Chemistry; College of Science; University of Anbar; Western side of Ramadi City Anbarshire Republic of Iraq
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
| | - Ryan Nouch
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences; College of Science; University Park Nottingham NG7 2RD United Kingdom
| | - William Lewis
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry; University of Nottingham; Triumph Road Nottingham NG7 2TU United Kingdom
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10
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Tian W, Li J, Su Z, Lan F, Li Z, Liang D, Wang C, Li D, Hou H. Novel Anthraquinone Compounds Induce Cancer Cell Death through Paraptosis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:732-736. [PMID: 31097991 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.8b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel anthraquinone compounds that induce ER stress and paraptosis-like cell death were designed and synthesized. Compound 4a is the first organic micromolecule to kill tumor cells by only paraptosis, and its mechanism of action has been further explored. Paraptosis does not appear to involve either phosphatidylserine translocation associated with apoptosis or cell cycle arrest. The bisbenzyloxy and N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide structures may be two critical pharmacophores for paraptosis. Bisbenzyloxy can induce ER stress, and the N-(2-hydroxyethyl)formamide structure can increase the ratio of LC3II/I and cytoplasmic vacuolization and facilitates paraptosis. Some antitumor drugs fail to eradicate malignant cell lines with impaired apoptotic pathways; paraptosis may be a route to kill such cells and provides a new potential strategy for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Junying Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhengying Su
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Fu Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zhaoquan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Dandan Liang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Chunmiao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Danrong Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huaxin Hou
- College of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
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11
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de la Cueva-Alique I, Sierra S, Pérez-Redondo A, Marzo I, Gude L, Cuenca T, Royo E. Study of the anticancer properties of optically active titanocene oximato compounds. J Organomet Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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Miller M, Tshuva EY. Racemic vs. enantiopure inert Ti(iv) complex of a single diaminotetrakis(phenolato) ligand in anticancer activity toward human drug-sensitive and -resistant cancer cell lines. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39731-39734. [PMID: 30713687 PMCID: PMC6333245 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08925f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A tetrakis(phenolato) Ti(iv) complex was synthesized in racemic and optically pure form, exhibiting high hydrolytic stability, and similar cytotoxicity for all stereochemical forms on HT-29 and A2780 cancer cells. Higher activity of the racemate on drug-resistant A2780cp and A2780adr lines implies a beneficial activity of both enantiomers rendering enantiomeric resolution unnecessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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13
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Miller M, Tshuva EY. Synthesis of Pure Enantiomers of Titanium(IV) Complexes with Chiral Diaminobis(phenolato) Ligands and Their Biological Reactivity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9705. [PMID: 29946136 PMCID: PMC6018713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Racemic and enantiomerically pure titanium(IV) complexes with ortho-brominated or para-nitrated chiral diaminobis(phenolato) ligands were prepared with NH and NMe cyclohexyldiamino bridges through ligand to metal chiral induction. The hydrolytic behavior of the complexes was evaluated, identifying the N-methylated complex as the most stable. A representative NH complex hydrolyzed to first give a dimeric structure in solution as deduced by NMR diffusion measurements, followed by formation of clusters with higher nuclearity, as was supported by X-ray characterization of a tetranuclear cluster obtained in trace amounts following 30 days in water solutions. The cytotoxicity of the enantiomerically pure and racemic complexes was measured on HT-29 human colon cancer cell line based on the MTT assay; all stereochemical configurations of the N-methylated complex were inactive, whereas for the NH complexes, the racemic mixtures were mostly inactive but the pure enantiomers exhibited similarly high cytotoxicity, supporting a polynuclear active species. Analysis of the two enantiomers of the most active brominated complex for their cytotoxicity on human ovarian A2780, cisplatin resistant A2780cp and multi-drug-resistant A2780adr cell lines as well as for their apoptosis induction on the A2780 line revealed similar reactivity, supporting a similar mechanism for the two enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Miller
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel
| | - Edit Y Tshuva
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9190401, Israel.
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14
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de la Cueva-Alique I, Sierra S, Muñoz-Moreno L, Pérez-Redondo A, Bajo AM, Marzo I, Gude L, Cuenca T, Royo E. Biological evaluation of water soluble arene Ru(II) enantiomers with amino-oxime ligands. J Inorg Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2018.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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15
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16
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Cini M, Bradshaw TD, Woodward S. Using titanium complexes to defeat cancer: the view from the shoulders of titans. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:1040-1051. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00860g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Seeking ‘unifying mechanisms of action’ in titanium anti-cancer agents: a 40 year odyssey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melchior Cini
- Institute of Applied Sciences
- MCAST Main Campus
- Paola
- Malta
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy
- Centre for Biomolecular Science
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham
- UK
| | - Simon Woodward
- GSK Carbon Neutral Laboratories for Sustainable Chemistry
- University of Nottingham
- Nottingham NG7 2TU
- UK
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