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Lionello C, Perego C, Gardin A, Klajn R, Pavan GM. Supramolecular Semiconductivity through Emerging Ionic Gates in Ion-Nanoparticle Superlattices. ACS NANO 2023; 17:275-287. [PMID: 36548051 PMCID: PMC9835987 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of nanoparticles driven by small molecules or ions may produce colloidal superlattices with features and properties reminiscent of those of metals or semiconductors. However, to what extent the properties of such supramolecular crystals actually resemble those of atomic materials often remains unclear. Here, we present coarse-grained molecular simulations explicitly demonstrating how a behavior evocative of that of semiconductors may emerge in a colloidal superlattice. As a case study, we focus on gold nanoparticles bearing positively charged groups that self-assemble into FCC crystals via mediation by citrate counterions. In silico ohmic experiments show how the dynamically diverse behavior of the ions in different superlattice domains allows the opening of conductive ionic gates above certain levels of applied electric fields. The observed binary conductive/nonconductive behavior is reminiscent of that of conventional semiconductors, while, at a supramolecular level, crossing the "band gap" requires a sufficient electrostatic stimulus to break the intermolecular interactions and make ions diffuse throughout the superlattice's cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lionello
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario
Lugano, Campus Est, Via
la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Gardin
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute
of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico
di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Polo Universitario
Lugano, Campus Est, Via
la Santa 1, 6962 Lugano-Viganello, Switzerland
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2
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Bian T, Gardin A, Gemen J, Houben L, Perego C, Lee B, Elad N, Chu Z, Pavan GM, Klajn R. Electrostatic co-assembly of nanoparticles with oppositely charged small molecules into static and dynamic superstructures. Nat Chem 2021; 13:940-949. [PMID: 34489564 PMCID: PMC7611764 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coulombic interactions can be used to assemble charged nanoparticles into higher-order structures, but the process requires oppositely charged partners that are similarly sized. The ability to mediate the assembly of such charged nanoparticles using structurally simple small molecules would greatly facilitate the fabrication of nanostructured materials and harnessing their applications in catalysis, sensing and photonics. Here we show that small molecules with as few as three electric charges can effectively induce attractive interactions between oppositely charged nanoparticles in water. These interactions can guide the assembly of charged nanoparticles into colloidal crystals of a quality previously only thought to result from their co-crystallization with oppositely charged nanoparticles of a similar size. Transient nanoparticle assemblies can be generated using positively charged nanoparticles and multiply charged anions that are enzymatically hydrolysed into mono- and/or dianions. Our findings demonstrate an approach for the facile fabrication, manipulation and further investigation of static and dynamic nanostructured materials in aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Bian
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrea Gardin
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino,
10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Julius Gemen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Lothar Houben
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Claudio Perego
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Byeongdu Lee
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National
Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nadav Elad
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of
Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Zonglin Chu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied
Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland,Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino,
10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Rafal Klajn
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Rehovot 76100, Israel,
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3
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Bochicchio D, Salvalaglio M, Pavan GM. Into the Dynamics of a Supramolecular Polymer at Submolecular Resolution. Nat Commun 2017; 8:147. [PMID: 28747661 PMCID: PMC5529520 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00189-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To rationally design supramolecular polymers capable of self-healing or reconfiguring their structure in a dynamically controlled way, it is imperative to gain access into the intrinsic dynamics of the supramolecular polymer (dynamic exchange of monomers) while maintaining a high-resolution description of the monomer structure. But this is prohibitively difficult at experimental level. Here we show atomistic, coarse-grained modelling combined with advanced simulation approaches to characterize the molecular mechanisms and relative kinetics of monomer exchange in structural variants of a synthetic supramolecular polymer in different conditions. We can capture differences in supramolecular dynamics consistent with the experimental observations, revealing that monomer exchange in and out the fibres originates from the defects present in their supramolecular structure. At the same time, the submolecular resolution of this approach offers a molecular-level insight into the dynamics of these bioinspired materials, and a flexible tool to obtain structure-dynamics relationships for a variety of polymeric assemblies.Accessing the dynamics of soft self-assembled materials at high resolution is very difficult. Here the authors show atomistic and coarse-grained modelling combined with enhanced sampling to characterize the molecular mechanisms and kinetics of monomer exchange in synthetic supramolecular polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928, Manno, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Salvalaglio
- Thomas Young Centre and Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928, Manno, Switzerland.
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4
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Deiss-Yehiely E, Ortony JH, Qiao B, Stupp SI, Olvera de la Cruz M. Ion condensation onto self-assembled nanofibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elad Deiss-Yehiely
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University; 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131 Chicago Illinois 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; 2220 Campus Drive Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Julia H. Ortony
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University; 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131 Chicago Illinois 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; 2220 Campus Drive Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Baofu Qiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; 2220 Campus Drive Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Samuel I. Stupp
- Simpson Querrey Institute for BioNanotechnology, Northwestern University; 303 E. Superior St., Suite 11-131 Chicago Illinois 60611
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; 2220 Campus Drive Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Medicine; Northwestern University; 251 East Huron Street Chicago Illinois 60611. Department of Biomedical Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston Illinois 60208
| | - Monica Olvera de la Cruz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Northwestern University; 2220 Campus Drive Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Chemistry; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Rd Evanston Illinois 60208
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; Northwestern University; 2145 Sheridan Rd. Evanston Illinois 60208
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5
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Bochicchio D, Pavan GM. From Cooperative Self-Assembly to Water-Soluble Supramolecular Polymers Using Coarse-Grained Simulations. ACS NANO 2017; 11:1000-1011. [PMID: 27992720 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b07628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular polymers, formed via noncovalent self-assembly of elementary monomers, are extremely interesting for their dynamic bioinspired properties. In order to understand their behavior, it is necessary to access their dynamics while maintaining high resolution in the treatment of the monomer structure and monomer-monomer interactions, which is typically a difficult task, especially in aqueous solution. Focusing on 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxamide (BTA) water-soluble supramolecular polymers, we have developed a transferable coarse-grained model that allows studying BTA supramolecular polymerization in water, while preserving remarkable consistency with the atomistic models in the description of the key interactions between the monomers (hydrophobic, H-bonding, etc.), self-assembly cooperativity, and amplification of order into the growing fibers. This permitted us to monitor the amplification of the key interactions between the monomers (including H-bonding) in the BTA fibers during the dynamic polymerization process. Our molecular dynamics simulations provide a picture of a stepwise cooperative polymerization mechanism, where initial fast hydrophobic aggregation of the BTA monomers in water is followed by the slower reorganization of these disordered aggregates into ordered directional oligomers. Supramolecular polymer growth then proceeds on a slower time scale. We challenged our models via comparison with the experimental evidence, capturing the effect of temperature variations and subtle changes in the monomer structure on the polymerization and on the properties of the fibers seen in the real systems. This work provides a multiscale spatiotemporal characterization of BTA self-assembly in water and a useful platform to study a variety of BTA-based supramolecular polymers toward structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni M Pavan
- Department of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
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6
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Garzoni M, Baker MB, Leenders CMA, Voets IK, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA, Meijer EW, Pavan GM. Effect of H-Bonding on Order Amplification in the Growth of a Supramolecular Polymer in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13985-13995. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Garzoni
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- MERLN
Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christianus M. A. Leenders
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ilja K. Voets
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - E. W. Meijer
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Giovanni M. Pavan
- Department
of Innovative Technologies, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Galleria 2, Via Cantonale 2c, CH-6928 Manno, Switzerland
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7
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Jones DE, Lund AM, Ghandehari H, Facelli JC. Molecular dynamics simulations in drug delivery research: Calcium chelation of G3.5 PAMAM dendrimers. COGENT CHEMISTRY 2016; 2:1229830. [PMID: 29177183 PMCID: PMC5699217 DOI: 10.1080/23312009.2016.1229830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Poly(amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been considered as possible delivery systems for anticancer drugs. One potential advantage of these carriers would be their use in oral formulations, which will require absorption in the intestinal lumen. This may require the opening of tight junctions which may be enabled by reducing the Ca2+ concentration in the intestinal lumen, which has been shown as an absorption mechanism for EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid). Using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that the G3.5 PAMAM dendrimers are able to chelate Ca2+ at similar proportions to EDTA, providing support to the hypothesis that oral formulations of PAMAM dendrimers could use this high chelating efficiency as a potential mechanism for permeating the tight junctions of the intestines if other formulation barriers could be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, 421 Wakara, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Albert M. Lund
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, 421 Wakara, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Departments of Bioengineering and Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Julio C. Facelli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, 421 Wakara, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
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