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Splandesci M, Wróbel MZ, Madura ID, Dawidowski M. Ugi 5-center-4-component reaction of α-amino aldehydes and its application in synthesis of 2-oxopiperazines. Mol Divers 2024; 28:229-248. [PMID: 38104301 PMCID: PMC10876754 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10760-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
A synthetic route leading to densely functionalized 2-oxopiperazines is presented. The strategy employs a 5-center-4-component variant of Ugi multicomponent reaction followed by a deprotection/cyclization sequence. N-Boc-α-amino aldehydes were used for the first time as carbonyl components in a key Ugi 5-center-4-component reaction (U-5C-4CR). It is shown that the presented synthetic route can lead to rigid, heterocyclic scaffolds, as demonstrated by the synthesis of tetrahydro-2H-pyrazino[1,2-a]pyrazine-3,6,9(4H)-trione β-turn mimetic and derivatives of 1,6-dioxooctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3,8-dioxohexahydro-3H-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Splandesci
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Z Wróbel
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela D Madura
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Dawidowski
- Department of Drug Technology and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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2
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Manenti M, Gusmini S, Lo Presti L, Molteni G, Silvani A. Enantiopure β-isocyano-boronic esters: synthesis and exploitation in isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2161-2168. [PMID: 36258147 PMCID: PMC10520151 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10549-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Various boron-containing isocyanides have been efficiently synthesized from the corresponding enantiopure β-substituted β-amino boronic acid pinacol esters, without need for protecting group interconversion, through a two-step, purification-free procedure. They were employed in a variety of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions, proving to be reliable components for all of them and allowing the efficient synthesis of unprecedented, boron-containing peptidomimetics and heteroatom-rich small molecules, including biologically relevant cyclic boronates. Jointing together the β-amido boronic acid moiety, deriving from the isocyanide component, with prominent pharmacophoric rings emerging from the multicomponent process, a successful application of the molecular hybridization concept could be realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Gusmini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Molteni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Manenti M, Gusmini S, Lo Presti L, Silvani A. Exploiting Enantiopure β‐Amino Boronic Acids in Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Manenti
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica ITALY
| | - Simone Gusmini
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica ITALY
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Università degli Studi di Milano: Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica ITALY
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- University of Milan: Universita degli Studi di Milano Dipartimento di Chimica via Golgi 19 20133 Milano ITALY
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4
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Computational Design and Biological Evaluation of Analogs of Lupin Peptide P5 Endowed with Dual PCSK9/HMG-CoAR Inhibiting Activity. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030665. [PMID: 35336039 PMCID: PMC8951016 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9) is responsible for the degradation of the hepatic low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which regulates the circulating cholesterol level. In this field, we discovered natural peptides derived from lupin that showed PCSK9 inhibitory activity. Among these, the most active peptide, known as P5 (LILPHKSDAD), reduced the protein-protein interaction between PCSK9 and LDLR with an IC50 equals to 1.6 µM and showed a dual hypocholesterolemic activity, since it shows complementary inhibition of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR). (2) Methods: In this study, by a computational approach, the P5 primary structure was optimized to obtain new analogs with improved affinity to PCSK9. Then, biological assays were carried out for fully characterizing the dual cholesterol-lowering activity of the P5 analogs by using both biochemical and cellular techniques. (3) Results: A new peptide, P5-Best (LYLPKHSDRD) displayed improved PCSK9 (IC50 0.7 µM) and HMG-CoAR (IC50 88.9 µM) inhibitory activities. Moreover, in vitro biological assays on cells demonstrated that, not only P5-Best, but all tested peptides maintained the dual PCSK9/HMG-CoAR inhibitory activity and remarkably P5-Best exerted the strongest hypocholesterolemic effect. In fact, in the presence of this peptide, the ability of HepG2 cells to absorb extracellular LDL was improved by up to 254%. (4) Conclusions: the atomistic details of the P5-Best/PCSK9 and P5-Best/HMG-CoAR interactions represent a reliable starting point for the design of new promising molecular entities endowed with hypocholesterolemic activity.
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5
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Ahamad S, Mathew S, Khan WA, Mohanan K. Development of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1332-1349. [PMID: 35121175 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
When secreted into the circulation, proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) blocks the low-density lipoprotein receptors (LDL-R) and, as a consequence, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels increase. Therefore, PCSK9 has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for lowering LDL-C levels and preventing atherosclerosis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against PCSK9, but the expensive manufacturing process limits their use. Subsequently, there have been tremendous efforts to develop cost-effective small molecules specific to PCSK9 over the past few years. These small molecules are promising therapeutics that act by preventing the synthesis of PCSK9, its secretion from cells, or the PCSK9-LDRL interaction. In this review, we summarize recent developments in the discovery of small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitors, focusing on their design, therapeutic effects, specific targets, and mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakir Ahamad
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India.
| | - Shintu Mathew
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, 226031 UP, India
| | - Waqas A Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002 UP, India
| | - Kishor Mohanan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Lucknow, 226031 UP, India.
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6
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Amador-Sánchez YA, Hernández-Vázquez E, González-Mojica N, Ramírez-Apan MT, Miranda LD. Diversity-oriented synthesis and cytotoxic screening of fused dihydropyrazin-2(1H)-ones through a Ugi 4-CR/deprotection/Heck sequence. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Saavedra CJ, Cuevas F, Romero‐Estudillo I, Boto A. Synthesis of Diketopiperazine Scaffolds with Tailored
N
‐ and α‐Chains by Selective Modification of Customizable Units. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos J. Saavedra
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3 38206-La Laguna Tenerife SPAIN
- BIOSIGMA SL, c/Antonio Dominguez Afonso, 16 38003-S/C Tenerife SPAIN
| | - Fernando Cuevas
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3 38206-La Laguna Tenerife SPAIN
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBAUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCatedrático CONACyT CIQ-UAEMAv. Universidad, 1001 62209 Cuernavaca MEXICO
| | - Ivan Romero‐Estudillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas-IICBAUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCatedrático CONACyT CIQ-UAEMAv. Universidad, 1001 62209 Cuernavaca MEXICO
| | - Alicia Boto
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología del CSIC, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, 3 38206-La Laguna Tenerife SPAIN
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8
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Magriotis PA. Recent progress toward the asymmetric synthesis of carbon-substituted piperazine pharmacophores and oxidative related heterocycles. RSC Med Chem 2020; 11:745-759. [PMID: 33479672 PMCID: PMC7509752 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00053a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The piperazine drugs are mostly N-substituted compared to only a few C-substituted drugs. To explore this unknown chemical space, asymmetric syntheses of C-substituted piperazines is the subject of this review.
The important requirement for approval of a new drug, in case it happens to be chiral, is that both enantiomers of the drug should be studied in detail, which has led synthetic organic and medicinal chemists to focus their attention on the development of new methods for asymmetric synthesis especially of relevant saturated N-heterocycles. On the other hand, the piperazine ring, besides defining a major class of saturated N-heterocycles, has been classified as a privileged structure in medicinal chemistry, since it is more than frequently found in biologically active compounds including several marketed blockbuster drugs such as Glivec (imatinib) and Viagra (sildenafil). Indeed, 13 of the 200 best-selling small molecule drugs in 2012 contained a piperazine ring. Nevertheless, analysis of the piperazine substitution pattern reveals a lack of structural diversity, with almost every single drug in this category (83%) containing a substituent at both the N1- and N4-positions compared to a few drugs having a substituent at any other position (C2, C3, C5, and C6). Significant chemical space that is closely related to that known to be biologically relevant, therefore, remains unexplored. In order to explore this chemical space, efficient and asymmetric syntheses of carbon-substituted piperazines and related heterocycles must be designed and developed. Initial, recent efforts toward the implementation of this particular target are in fact the subject of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Plato A Magriotis
- Department of Pharmacy , Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry , University of Patras , Rio26504 , Greece .
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9
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Bassini E, Gazzotti S, Sannio F, Lo Presti L, Sgrignani J, Docquier JD, Grazioso G, Silvani A. Isonitrile-Based Multicomponent Synthesis of β-Amino Boronic Acids as β-Lactamase Inhibitors. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E249. [PMID: 32408714 PMCID: PMC7277116 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of various isonitrile-based multicomponent reactions to protected (2-oxoethyl)boronic acid (as the carbonyl component) is described. The Ugi reaction, both in the four components and in the four centers-three components versions, and the van Leusen reaction, proved effective at providing small libraries of MIDA-protected β-aminoboronic acids. The corresponding free β-aminoboronic acids, quantitatively recovered through basic mild deprotection, were found to be quite stable and were fully characterized, including by 11B-NMR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, applied both to a MIDA-protected and a free β-aminoboronic acid derivative, provided evidence for different conformations in the solid-state. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of selected compounds were evaluated by measuring their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, and the binding mode of the most promising derivative on OXA-23 class D β-lactamase was predicted by a molecular modeling study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bassini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (S.G.); (L.L.P.)
| | - Stefano Gazzotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (S.G.); (L.L.P.)
| | - Filomena Sannio
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.S.); (J.-D.D.)
| | - Leonardo Lo Presti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (S.G.); (L.L.P.)
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via V. Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
| | - Jean-Denis Docquier
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Siena, Viale Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy; (F.S.); (J.-D.D.)
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.B.); (S.G.); (L.L.P.)
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10
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McManus JB, Onuska NPR, Jeffreys MS, Goodwin NC, Nicewicz DA. Site-Selective C–H Alkylation of Piperazine Substrates via Organic Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2020; 22:679-683. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b04456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B. McManus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Nicholas P. R. Onuska
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew S. Jeffreys
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - Nicole C. Goodwin
- GlaxoSmithKline, 1250 South Collegeville Road, Collegeville, Pennsylvania 19426, United States
| | - David A. Nicewicz
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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11
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Han SY, Gong YD. Highly efficient enantioselective synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives via microwave irradiation. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2019.1671983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Yeon Han
- Center for Innovative Drug Library Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Dae Gong
- Center for Innovative Drug Library Research, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Lammi C, Sgrignani J, Arnoldi A, Lesma G, Spatti C, Silvani A, Grazioso G. Computationally Driven Structure Optimization, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Imidazole-Based Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin 9 (PCSK9) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6163-6174. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Jacopo Sgrignani
- Istituto di Ricerca in Biomedicina (IRB), Universitá della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Via V. Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Spatti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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13
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Lambruschini C, Basso A, Moni L, Pinna A, Riva R, Banfi L. Bicyclic Heterocycles from Levulinic Acid through a Fast and Operationally Simple Diversity-Oriented Multicomponent Approach. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201801129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lambruschini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 GENOVA Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 GENOVA Italy
| | - Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 GENOVA Italy
| | - Alessandro Pinna
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 GENOVA Italy
| | - Renata Riva
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Genova; viale Cembrano 4 16147 GENOVA Italy
| | - Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso, 31 16146 GENOVA Italy
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14
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Esmati N, Maddirala AR, Hussein N, Amawi H, Tiwari AK, Andreana PR. Efficient syntheses and anti-cancer activity of xenortides A-D including ent/epi-stereoisomers. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 16:5332-5342. [PMID: 29999086 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob00452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A one-pot, two-step, total synthesis of naturally occurring xenortides A, B, C and D, (Xens A-D) isolated from the bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophila, and an entire complementary set of stereoisomers, has been achieved. Compounds were synthesized utilizing an isocyanide-based Ugi 4-CR followed by facile N-Boc deprotection. The reaction sequence took advantage of the chiral pool of N-Boc protected amino acids (l-Leu/Val and d-Leu/Val) with aryl isocyanides, phenyl acetaldehyde and methylamine giving the desired Xens A-D (A and B >98% ee) and all subsequent stereoisomers in reasonable yields upon deprotection followed by separation of diastereomers. Also, detailed mechanistic insights for diastereoselectivity of (-)-Xen A, as a model in the Ugi 4-CR, has been described. Moreover, for the first time, this focused library was screened for cytotoxicity against a panel of epithelial cancer cell lines as well as normal cell lines with an MTT proliferation assay. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) study demonstrated that tryptamides Xen B and D were more active than phenylethylamides Xen A and C. Furthermore, (-)-Xen B (IC50 = 19-25 μM) and ent-(+)-Xen D (IC50 = 21-26 μM) gave the highest cytotoxicity and they were also found to be non-toxic toward normal cells. Importantly, the SAR results indicate that the stereochemistry at C8 and C11 in (-)-Xen B and ent-(+)-Xen D play a critical role in cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Esmati
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry and Engineering, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St, Toledo, OH 43606, USA.
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15
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Ridder B, Mattes DS, Nesterov-Mueller A, Breitling F, Meier MAR. Peptide array functionalization via the Ugi four-component reaction. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5553-5556. [PMID: 28474022 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01945a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Ugi four-component reaction was investigated as a tool for the functionalization of peptide arrays via post-synthetic side-chain modification, mimicking post-translational processes. Additionally, as a proof of concept for the synthesis of peptidomimetics on arrays, the integration of an Ugi unit into a growing peptide chain was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ridder
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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16
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Caputo S, Banfi L, Basso A, Galatini A, Moni L, Riva R, Lambruschini C. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Various Enantiopure Heterocycles by Coupling Organocatalysis with Multicomponent Reactions. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Luca Banfi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Andrea Basso
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Andrea Galatini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Lisa Moni
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Renata Riva
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Chiara Lambruschini
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry; University of Genova; via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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17
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Golubev P, Krasavin M. Sterically Constrained and Encumbered: An Approach to the Naturally Occurring Peptidomimetic Tetrahydropyrazino[1,2-a]indole-1,4-dione Core. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Golubev
- Institute of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; 26 Universitetsky prospekt 198504 Peterhof Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry; Saint Petersburg State University; 26 Universitetsky prospekt 198504 Peterhof Russia
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18
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Icelo-Ávila E, Amador-Sánchez YA, Polindara-García LA, Miranda LD. Synthesis of 6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazinones using an Ugi 4-CR/allenamide cycloisomerization protocol. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:360-372. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A two-step synthesis of 6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrazinones from Ugi adducts and their transformation into pyrazino[2,1-a]isoindole and pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinoline cores has been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Icelo-Ávila
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- México
| | | | | | - Luis D. Miranda
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad Universitaria
- México
- México
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Stucchi M, Lesma G. Split- UgiReaction with Chiral Compounds: Synthesis of Piperazine- and Bispidine-Based Peptidomimetics. Helv Chim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201500505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Stucchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Golgi 19 IT-20133 Milan
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università degli Studi di Milano; via Golgi 19 IT-20133 Milan
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Stucchi M, Grazioso G, Lammi C, Manara S, Zanoni C, Arnoldi A, Lesma G, Silvani A. Disrupting the PCSK9/LDLR protein–protein interaction by an imidazole-based minimalist peptidomimetic. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:9736-9740. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01642a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on a tetraimidazole-based β-strand minimalist peptidomimetic as a novel inhibitor of LDLR–PCSK9 protein–protein interaction, a promising target for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Stucchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita
| | - Giovanni Grazioso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Silvia Manara
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Chiara Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento di Chimica
- Università degli Studi di Milano
- 20133 Milano
- Italy
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Lesma G, Bassanini I, Bortolozzi R, Colletto C, Bai R, Hamel E, Meneghetti F, Rainoldi G, Stucchi M, Sacchetti A, Silvani A, Viola G. Complementary isonitrile-based multicomponent reactions for the synthesis of diversified cytotoxic hemiasterlin analogues. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:11633-44. [PMID: 26467486 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01882j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
A small family of structural analogues of the antimitotic tripeptides, hemiasterlins, have been designed and synthesized as potential inhibitors of tubulin polymerization. The effectiveness of a multicomponent approach was fully demonstrated by applying complementary versions of the isocyanide-based Ugi reaction. Compounds strictly related to the lead natural products, as well as more extensively modified analogues, have been synthesized in a concise and convergent manner. In some cases, biological evaluation provided evidence for strong cytotoxic activity (six human tumor cell lines) and for potent inhibition of tubulin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giordano Lesma
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, via Golgi 19, Milano, 20133, Italy.
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Stucchi M, Gmeiner P, Huebner H, Rainoldi G, Sacchetti A, Silvani A, Lesma G. Multicomponent Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a Piperazine-Based Dopamine Receptor Ligand Library. ACS Med Chem Lett 2015; 6:882-7. [PMID: 26288260 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 1,4-disubstituted piperazine-based compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as dopamine D2/D3 receptor ligands. The synthesis relies on the key multicomponent split-Ugi reaction, assessing its great potential in generating chemical diversity around the piperazine core. With the aim of evaluating the effect of such diversity on the dopamine receptor affinity, a small library of compounds was prepared, applying post-Ugi transformations. Ligand stimulated binding assays indicated that some compounds show a significant affinity, with K i values up to 53 nM for the D2 receptor. Molecular docking studies with the D2 and D3 receptor homology models were also performed on selected compounds. They highlighted key interactions at the indole head and at the piperazine moiety, which resulted in good agreement with the known pharmacophore models, thus helping to explain the observed structure-activity relationship data. Molecular insights from this study could enable a rational improvement of the split-Ugi primary scaffold, toward more selective ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Stucchi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Huebner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University, Schuhstraße 19, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Giulia Rainoldi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacchetti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ing. Chimica “Giulio
Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, p.zza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Silvani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giordano Lesma
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Universit degli Studi di Milano, via Golgi 19, 20133 Milano, Italy
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