1
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Wen X, Zhang Z, Ren K, Zhang W, Zhou G, Luo Y. Theoretical investigations of 2-vinylpyridine stereoselective polymerization catalyzed by cationic yttrium complexes with different ancillary ligands. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:9198-9206. [PMID: 38743042 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00838c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
The polymerization mechanism of 2-vinylpyridine catalyzed by cationic yttrium complexes with diverse ancillary ligands, specifically [L1Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)]+ [L1 = (2,6-Et2C6H3)NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-Et2C6H3)] (Y-1), [L2Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)]+ [L2 = (2,6-Cl2C6H3)NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-Cl2C6H3)] (Y-2), and [L3Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)]+ [L3 = (2,6-C6H5)NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(2,6-iPr2C6H3)] (Y-3), was studied using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Having achieved an agreement between theory and experiment, it is found that isotactic selectivity induced by Y-1 or Y-2 results from a combination of smaller deformation of the catalyst and stronger electronic effects. Conversely, the Y-3 complex exhibits comparable energy barriers for proceeding via either isotactic or syndiotactic pathways, aligning with the production of atactic polymers as seen experimentally. To examine the steric effects on the kinetic and thermodynamic properties, a computational model of an analogue complex [L4Y(CH2SiMe3)(THF)]+ [L4 = (2,6-Cl2C6H3)NC(Me)CHC(Me)N(iPr2C6H3)] (Y-4), featuring increased steric hindrance, was analyzed. Distortion-interaction and topographic steric map analyses further affirmed that steric hindrance significantly influences stereoselectivity. A direct relationship was identified between the energy barriers of isotactic insertion transition states and the bulkiness of ancillary ligands; greater distortion energy of the catalyst correlates with higher barriers for isotactic polymerization. These findings enhance the mechanistic comprehension of 2-vinylpyridine polymerization and are expected to contribute valuable insights for the improvement of catalytic polymerization systems of 2-vinylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhenli Zhang
- National Elite Institute of Engineering, CNPC, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Kaipai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Guangli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- PetroChina Petrochemical Research Institute, Beijing, 102206, China.
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2
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Li X, Xu T. Stereoselective Polymerization of Aromatic Vinyl Polar Monomers. Eur J Inorg Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin‐Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
| | - Tie‐Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Department of Chemistry School of Chemical Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 P. R. China
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3
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Mou ZH, Wang YJ. Soft N-Type Functionalized Fluorenyl Ligated Rare-Earth Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Structure, and Catalytic Performance for 2-Vinylpyridine. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328422330016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Wang Y, Jiang H, Wang H, Mou Z. Synthesis of pyrrolidinyl-ethylene fluorenyl rare-earth metal complexes and catalysis for 2-vinylpyridine polymerization. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Zhang X, Zhou S, Wang D, Zhang L, Wei Y, Zhu X, Cui P, Luo G, Wang S. Syntheses of Rare-Earth Metal Alkyl Complexes Bearing a Dianionic α-Iminopyridyl Ligand and Their Catalytic Activities toward Polymerization of 2-Vinylpyridine. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Shuangliu Zhou
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Donghan Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Xiancui Zhu
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Gen Luo
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Laboratory of Functionalized Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, Anhui Laboratory of Molecule-Based Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
- Anhui Laboratory of Functional Complexes for Materials Chemistry and Application, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
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6
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Han CT, Yan C, Xu TQ, Zhu YZ. Synthesis of rare earth metal complexes based on phenol ether bidentate ligands and polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine. Polyhedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2021.115219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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7
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Teator AJ, Varner TP, Knutson PC, Sorensen CC, Leibfarth FA. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: The Past, Present, and Future of Stereocontrolled Vinyl Polymerization. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1638-1654. [PMID: 35617075 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The thermomechanical properties exhibited by synthetic macromolecules can be directly linked to their tacticity, or the relative stereochemistry of repeat units. The development of stereoselective coordination-insertion polymerization, for example, led to the discovery of isotactic polypropylene, now one of the most widely produced commodity plastics in the world. Widespread interest in controlling polymer tacticity has led to a variety of stereoselective polymerization methodologies; however, this area of polymer science has lagged behind when compared to the ability to control molecular weight, dispersity, and composition. Despite decades of advancements, many stereoregular vinyl polymers remain unknown, particularly those comprised of polar functionality or derived from renewable resources. This Viewpoint provides an overview of recent developments in stereocontrolled polymerization, with an emphasis on propagation mechanism, and highlights successes, limitations, and future challenges for continued innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Travis P. Varner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Phil C. Knutson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Cole C. Sorensen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Frank A. Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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8
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Varner TP, Teator AJ, Reddi Y, Jacky PE, Cramer CJ, Leibfarth FA. Mechanistic Insight into the Stereoselective Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:17175-17186. [PMID: 32986420 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The control of the tacticity of synthetic polymers enables the realization of emergent physical properties from readily available starting materials. While stereodefined polymers derived from nonpolar vinyl monomers can be efficiently prepared using early transition metal catalysts, general methods for the stereoselective polymerization of polar vinyl monomers remain underdeveloped. We recently demonstrated asymmetric ion pairing catalysis as an effective approach to achieve stereoselective cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers. Herein, we provide a deeper understanding of stereoselective ion-pairing polymerization through comprehensive experimental and computational studies. These findings demonstrate the importance of ligand deceleration effects for the identification of reaction conditions that enhance stereoselectivity, which was supported by computational studies that identified the solution-state catalyst structure. An evaluation of monomer substrates with systematic variations in steric parameters and functional group identities established key structure-reactivity relationships for stereoselective homo- and copolymerization. Expansion of the monomer scope to include enantioenriched vinyl ethers enabled the preparation of an isotactic poly(vinyl ether) with the highest stereoselectivity (95.1% ± 0.1 meso diads) reported to date, which occurred when monomer and catalyst stereochemistry were fully matched under a triple diastereocontrol model. The more complete understanding of stereoselective cationic polymerization reported herein offers a foundation for the design of improved catalytic systems and for the translation of isotactic poly(vinyl ether)s to applied areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis P Varner
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Aaron J Teator
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Paige E Jacky
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Frank A Leibfarth
- Department of Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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9
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C–H Bond Activation of Silyl-Substituted Pyridines with Bis(Phenolate)Yttrium Catalysts as a Facile Tool towards Hydroxyl-Terminated Michael-Type Polymers. Catalysts 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/catal10040448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, silicon-protected, ortho-methylated hydroxy-pyridines were reported as initiators in 2-aminoalkoxy-bis(phenolate)yttrium complexes for rare earth metal-mediated group-transfer polymerization (REM-GTP) of Michael-type monomers. To introduce these initiators, C−H bond activation was performed by reacting [(ONOO)tBuY(X)(thf)] (X = CH2TMS, thf = tetrahydrofuran) with tert-butyl-dimethyl-silyl-functionalized α-methylpyridine to obtain the complex [(ONOOtBuY(X)(thf)] (X = 4-(4′-(((tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy)methyl)phenyl)-2,6-di-methylpyridine). These initiators served as functional end-groups in polymers produced via REM-GTP. In this contribution, homopolymers of 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) and diethyl vinyl phosphonate (DEVP) were produced. Activity studies and end-group analysis via mass spectrometry, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and NMR spectroscopy were performed to reveal the initiator efficiency, the catalyst activity towards both monomers as well as the initiation mechanism of this initiator in contrast to commonly used alkyl initiators. In addition, 2D NMR studies were used to further confirm the end-group integrity of the polymers. For all polymers, different deprotection routes were evaluated to obtain hydroxyl-terminated poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P2VP) and poly(diethyl vinyl phosphonate) (PDEVP). Such hydroxyl groups bear the potential to act as anchoring points for small bioactive molecules, for post-polymerization functionalization or as macroinitiators for further polymerizations.
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10
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Wang C, Chen J, Xu W, Mou Z, Yao Y, Luo Y. Bimetallic Arylamide-Ligated Rare-Earth Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Stereo-Selectively Switchable Property in 2-Vinylpyridine Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:3132-3141. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chaopan Wang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Jue Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Zehuai Mou
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Yao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, P. R. China
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11
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Zhuang Q, Mou Z, Gu J, Xie H, Luo Y. β-Diketiminato Rare-Earth Metal Complexes: The Influence of Monoatomic Substituents in the N-aryl Moieties on Structures and Properties. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201900280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiang Zhuang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 315211 Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Zehuai Mou
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 315211 Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Jialu Gu
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 315211 Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing; Jiaxing University; 314000 Jiaxing P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University; 315211 Ningbo Zhejiang P. R. China
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12
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Wang T, Wu C, Cui D. Highly syndioselective coordination (co)polymerization of vinyl heteroaromatic monomers using rare-earth-metal complexes. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py01447h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the coordination polymerization of vinylbenzothiophene and its copolymerization with styrene with high activity and perfect syndioselectivity to give high molecular weight products by using rare-earth-metal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
| | - Chunji Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei 230026
- China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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13
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Wang Y, Duan JB, Liu ZX, Xu TQ. From isoselectivity to syndioselectivity: Lewis base regulates stereochemistry in 2-vinylpyridine polymerization. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00320d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have developed an effective synthesis of syndiotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine) by a novel catalytic system. Switching from isoselective to syndioselective polymerization was achieved by adding Lewis base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Jiang-Bing Duan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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14
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Yan C, Liu ZX, Xu TQ. Regioselective, stereoselective, and living polymerization of divinyl pyridine monomers using rare earth catalysts. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01852b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The first regioselective, stereoselective, and living polymerization of divinyl pyridine monomers, mediated by simple rare earth catalysts, is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Liu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qi Xu
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- P. R. China
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15
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Schaffer A, Weger M, Rieger B. From lanthanide-mediated, high-precision group transfer polymerization of Michael-type monomers, to intelligent, functional materials. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Oishi M, Yoshimura R, Nomura N. Dinuclear Pentacoordinated Organoyttrium Biphenolates as Initiators for the Synthesis of High-Molecular Weight Isotactic Poly(2-vinylpyridine). Inorg Chem 2019; 58:13755-13760. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b02385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oishi
- School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Reiji Yoshimura
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, E1-1(300), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Nobuyoshi Nomura
- Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, E1-1(300), Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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17
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18
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Griffin SE, Pacheco J, Schafer LL. Reversible C–N Bond Formation in the Zirconium-Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of 2-Vinylpyridine. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E. Griffin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Javier Pacheco
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
| | - Laurel L. Schafer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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19
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Zhao Y, Lu H, Luo G, Kang X, Hou Z, Luo Y. Origin of stereoselectivity and multidimensional quantitative analysis of ligand effects on yttrium-catalysed polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine. Catal Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cy01670h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Through a combination of density functional theory (DFT) calculations and multivariate regression analysis, the origin of the stereoselectivity of yttrium-catalysed polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine (2VP) has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Han Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Gen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Xiaohui Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- Organometallic Chemistry Laboratory
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, and Advanced Catalysis Research Group
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science
- Wako
- Japan
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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20
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Adams F, Pschenitza M, Rieger B. Yttrium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Bipyridine‐Functionalized AB‐Block Copolymers: Micellar Support for Photocatalytic Active Rhenium‐Complexes. ChemCatChem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201801009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - M. Pschenitza
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie Catalysis Research Center Department of ChemistryTechnische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 4 Garching bei München 85748 Germany
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21
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Yan C, Xu TQ, Lu XB. From Stereochemically Tunable Homopolymers to Stereomultiblock Copolymers: Lewis Base Regulates Stereochemistry in the Coordination Polymerization of 2-Vinylpyridine. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Tie-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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22
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Adams F, Pahl P, Rieger B. Metal-Catalyzed Group-Transfer Polymerization: A Versatile Tool for Tailor-Made Functional (Co)Polymers. Chemistry 2018; 24:509-518. [PMID: 29044792 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Accommodating the increasing demand for tailor-made polymers is a major goal in polymer chemistry. Therefore, the investigation of polymerization techniques, which allow the precise synthesis of macromolecules is of exceptional interest. Ionic or controlled radical polymerization are capable living-type methods for the generation of uniform polymers. However, even these approaches reach their limits in certain issues. In the last decades, group-transfer polymerization (GTP) and especially metal-catalyzed GTP have proven to give access to a plethora of tailor-made homo- and copolymers based on α,β-unsaturated monomers. Thereby, GTP has established its potential in the development of functional and smart polymers. This concept article highlights the most significant progress in metal-catalyzed GTP with a focus on functional (co)polymers including different polymeric architectures and microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Philipp Pahl
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Catalysis Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany
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23
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Li M, Wang C, Chen J, Guo Z, Mou Z, Luo Y. Controlled iso-specific polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine catalyzed by arylamide-ligated rare-earth metal aminobenzyl complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:15967-15976. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Arylamide rare-earth metal aminobenzyl complexes were employed as highly active catalysts for iso-specific polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Chaopan Wang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Jue Chen
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo Institute of Technology
- Zhejiang University
- Ningbo 315100
- P. R. China
| | - Zhiyong Guo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Zehuai Mou
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
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24
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Mou Z, Zhuang Q, Xie H, Luo Y, Cui D. Perfectly isoselective polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine promoted by β-diketiminato rare-earth metal cationic complexes. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:14985-14991. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt03274b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly isotactic poly(2-vinylpyridine)s were produced with rare-earth metal complexes supported by a symmetric β-diketiminate ligand in the presence of borate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehuai Mou
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Qingxiang Zhuang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Hongyan Xie
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing
- Jiaxing University
- Jiaxing 314000
- China
| | - Yunjie Luo
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun 130022
- China
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25
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Adams F, Machat MR, Altenbuchner PT, Ehrmaier J, Pöthig A, Karsili TNV, Rieger B. Toolbox of Nonmetallocene Lanthanides: Multifunctional Catalysts in Group-Transfer Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:9754-9764. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Martin R. Machat
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Peter T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Johannes Ehrmaier
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Tolga N. V. Karsili
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, §Chair of Theoretical Chemistry, and ‡Department Chemie & Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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26
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Yang J, Yu Y, Qu J, Luo Y. Effects of nucleophilic ligands on the chain initiation efficiency of polar monomer polymerizations catalyzed by 2-methoxyethylaminobis(phenolate)yttrium complexes: a DFT study. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:16993-16999. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04011c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
DFT calculations suggest that less steric hindrance and a good orbital match induced by nucleophilic ligands are beneficial to the chain initiation of ROP and GTP, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Jingping Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
| | - Yi Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
- China
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27
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Kronast A, Reiter D, Altenbuchner PT, Vagin SI, Rieger B. 2-Methoxyethylamino-bis(phenolate)yttrium Catalysts for the Synthesis of Highly Isotactic Poly(2-vinylpyridine) by Rare-Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kronast
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für
Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
| | - Dominik Reiter
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für
Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
| | - Peter T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für
Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
| | - Sergei I. Vagin
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für
Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für
Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße
4, 85748 Garching
b. München, Germany
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28
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Edelmann FT. Lanthanides and actinides: Annual survey of their organometallic chemistry covering the year 2015. Coord Chem Rev 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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29
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Xu TQ, Yang GW, Lu XB. Highly Isotactic and High-Molecular-Weight Poly(2-vinylpyridine) by Coordination Polymerization with Yttrium Bis(phenolate) Ether Catalysts. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tie-Qi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Guan-Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Bing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine
Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, P. R. China
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30
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Soller BS, Sun Q, Salzinger S, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Rieger B. Ligand Induced Steric Crowding in Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates: Does Enthalpy Matter? Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephan Salzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GME/D-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
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31
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Adams F, Altenbuchner PT, Werz PDL, Rieger B. Multiresponsive micellar block copolymers from 2-vinylpyridine and dialkylvinylphosphonates with a tunable lower critical solution temperature. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra17160e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tailor-made, multi-responsive micellar AB and ABB′ block copolymers show a pH-sensitivity and a tunable LCST within an expanded temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Adams
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - P. T. Altenbuchner
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - P. D. L. Werz
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
| | - B. Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie
- Technische Universität München
- 85747 Garching bei München
- Germany
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32
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Soller BS, Salzinger S, Rieger B. Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Precision Polymerization of Vinylphosphonates and Conjugated Nitrogen-Containing Vinyl Monomers. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1993-2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt S. Soller
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Stephan Salzinger
- Advanced Materials & Systems Research, BASF SE, GME/D-B001, 67056 Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- WACKER-Lehrstuhl
für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching bei München, Germany
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